Deck 18: Drugs for Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

A client is in chronic renal failure.Based on this diagnosis,what would the nurse anticipate the client might require regarding medications?
1)Higher dosages of medications than would a client with normally functioning kidneys
2)The same medication dosage as would a client with normally functioning kidneys
3)Lower dosage in most medications
4)A kidney transplant

Answer 1

3

Question 2

A client is receiving a diuretic.The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect?
1)Bradycardia
2)Vomiting
3)Nausea
4)Hypotension

Answer 2

4

Question 3

The client has a pH of 7.6.Which statements are appropriate based on this pH level? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)The client should be monitored for nervousness.
2)The client is alkalotic.
3)The client should be monitored for drowsiness.
4)The client is acidotic.
5)The client should be monitored for seizures.

Answer 3

1,2,5

Question 4

A client has been admitted with a mild case of alkalosis.What would the nurse expect to be ordered?
1)0.9 NS
2)0.9 NS with 20 mEq potassium
3)Oral potassium supplements
4)Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 5

Why would a client benefit from a thiazide diuretic over a loop diuretic?
1)They can be taken on an as-needed basis.
2)They do not cause electrolyte imbalance.
3)Possible dehydration is not a factor.
4)The frequency of adverse effects is much lower.

Question 6

A potassium-sparing diuretic has been prescribed for a client.Based on this prescription,the nurse expects what medication to be ordered?
1)Furosemide (Lasix)
2)Spironolactone (Aldactone)
3)Diltiazem (Cardizem)
4)Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Question 7

The nurse is providing education to a client who has hypokalemia or low potassium level.Which foods high in potassium should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Dried fruits
2)Broccoli
3)Bananas
4)Peanut butter
5)Coffee

Question 8

The client is prescribed a potassium supplement and spironolactone (Aldactone).Based on this combination,what outcome does the nurse expect?
1)The two medications will be ineffective if taken together.
2)Spironolactone (Aldactone)will lower potassium levels,so a supplement is necessary.
3)These two medications will decrease potassium levels.
4)The client is at risk for hyperkalemia when taking both the supplement and spironolactone (Aldactone).

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client who has been placed on spironolactone (Aldactone).The nurse assesses this client for hyperkalemia because of which concurrent medication?
1)Prinivil (Zestril)
2)Digoxin (Lanoxin)
3)Furosemide (Lasix)
4)Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

Question 10

Which prescribed diuretic can also be used for treatment in certain types of glaucoma?
1)Indapamide (Lozol)
2)Amiloride hydrochloride (Midamor)
3)Mannitol (Osmitrol)
4)Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a client who has been placed on a loop diuretic and requires a potassium supplement.What should the nurse include in the teaching session?
1)Do not use with antacids.
2)Tablets may be crushed or broken for easier swallowing.
3)Take on an empty stomach.
4)Take with food.

Question 12

The client is taking furosemide (Lasix)80 mg twice a day.What condition should the nurse monitor this client for?
1)Hyperkalemia
2)Hypercalcemia
3)Hypokalemia
4)Hypocalcemia

Question 13

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who is on multiple medications.The client asks the nurse,"Which medication is a loop diuretic?" What is the best response by the nurse?
1)Spironolactone (Aldactone)
2)Amiloride (Midamor)
3)Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
4)Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 14

The nurse is teaching a client who is diagnosed with renal insufficiency.Which functions of the kidneys should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Secrete the enzyme renin.
2)Stimulate red blood cell production.
3)Aid in digestion.
4)Regulate fluid balance.
5)Help maintain blood pressure.

Question 15

The client has been prescribed a thiazide diuretic.What are the potential adverse effects of thiazide diuretics? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Epistaxis
2)Dizziness
3)Hyperkalemia
4)Hypotension
5)Hypocalcemia

Question 16

A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone)but continues to have peripheral edema.Which question by the nurse is the most appropriate?
1)Are you taking potassium supplements?
2)Are you taking corticosteroids?
3)Are you taking digoxin (Lanoxin)?
4)Are you taking aspirin (ASA)?

Question 17

Which medication is used to increase red blood cell production in patients with renal failure?
1)Mannitol (Osmitrol)
2)Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
3)Epoetin alfa (Epogen)
4)Methazolamide (Neptazane)

Question 18

A client has been diagnosed with hyperkalemia.Which medication would the nurse expect to give?
1)Potassium chloride
2)Furosemide (Lasix)
3)Calcium carbonate (TUMS)
4)Sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate)

Question 19

The nurse is presenting education regarding the use of diuretics.What conditions should the nurse include in the educational session regarding the use of diuretics? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Pulmonary edema
2)Heart failure
3)Hypertension
4)Hypotension
5)Seizures

Question 20

The nurse is instructing the client about different types of diuretics.What should be included in teaching?
1)All diuretics cause hyperkalemia.
2)Diuretics do not cause potassium to be lost in the urine.
3)Thiazide and loop diuretics cause potassium to be lost in the urine.
4)All diuretics cause potassium to be lost in the urine.

Question 21

Which processes are critical to the pharmacokinetics of many drugs in the kidneys?
1)Reabsorption and secretion
2)Digestion and excretion
3)Diuresis and elimination
4)Ingestion and recirculation

Question 22

Which substances are reabsorbed in the kidney tubules? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Water
2)Hydrogen ions
3)Glucose
4)Sodium
5)Amino acids

Question 23

The client complains of frequent urination at night since starting diuretic therapy.What should the nurse teach this client to alleviate this symptom?
1)Decrease fluid intake.
2)Increase sodium intake.
3)This is an expected effect.
4)Take the medication earlier in the day.

Question 24

Which diuretics are less commonly prescribed due to their very weak diuresis and higher adverse effects?
1)Loop diuretics
2)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
3)Thiazide diuretics
4)Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 25

A client is admitted to a medical-surgical unit with acidosis.During treatment,the client develops confusion,irritability,slow respiration rate,and vomiting.What does the nurse attribute these symptoms to?
1)Increased blood pressure
2)Overtreatment of acidosis
3)Worsening of acidosis
4)Expected response to treatment

Question 26

During an admission assessment,the client tells the nurse that they had a nephrectomy three years ago due to a car accident.Which is the nurse's best understanding of this surgery?
1)The client will have no issues during this hospitalization.
2)The physical therapist should be told this information.
3)The kidney function will impact excretion of medications.
4)The nurse should follow up with the pharmacist regarding the information.