Deck 4: What Happens After a Drug Has Been Administered

Question 1

The nurse is educating a client regarding the effects of kidney damage and medications.Which statements by the nurse are appropriate regarding this topic? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Kidney damage can significantly shorten drug action.
2)Kidney damage does not cause adverse reactions.
3)Kidney damage is a common cause of adverse reactions.
4)Kidney damage can significantly prolong drug action.
5)Kidney damage decreases the metabolism of drugs.

Answer 1

3,4

Question 2

The nurse wants to discuss the biotransformation reaction to a student.What is the best explanation by the nurse?
1)Biotransformation reactions are the chemical conversion of drugs from one form to another that may result in increased or decreased activity.
2)Biotransformation is the final step in excretion of a drug from the body.
3)Biotransformation does not change the effect of a drug.
4)Biotransformation is the process of absorption.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The nurse educator is planning to teach a group of pharmacology students about enterohepatic recirculation.What should the educator include in the presentation?
1)Enterohepatic recirculation involves the kidneys.
2)Enterohepatic recirculation results in prolonged drug action.
3)Enterohepatic recirculation results in decreased drug action.
4)Enterohepatic recirculation does not affect drug action.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Which organ contains anatomical barriers that limit some drugs from gaining access?
1)Kidney
2)Liver
3)Brain
4)Heart

Question 5

What is an indicator of how long a drug will produce its effect in the body?
1)Potency
2)Bioavailability
3)Half-life (t1/2)
4)Efficacy

Question 6

Which method of drug excretion excretes most drugs in their original,unmetabolized form?
1)Exhalation
2)Defecation
3)Sweating
4)Urination

Question 7

A nurse educator is teaching pharmacokinetics to the pharmacology class.What statement,made by a student,would show the class understands this term?
1)"Pharmacokinetics describes how the body absorbs,distributes,metabolizes,and excretes drugs."
2)"Pharmacokinetics is how drugs activate specific receptors."
3)"Pharmacokinetics is what a drug does to the body."
4)"Pharmacokinetics is the efficacy of a drug."

Question 8

A nurse is conducting an in-service for students regarding drug excretion.Which responses by the students indicate an understanding where drug excretion occurs? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Breast milk
2)Urine
3)Gastric juice
4)Feces
5)Lungs

Question 9

What is the first step in drug transport?
1)Metabolism
2)Distribution
3)Excretion
4)Absorption

Question 10

First-pass effect can result in a large fraction of an administered drug being metabolically deactivated.Which client factors will decrease the magnitude of the first-pass effect? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Elderly client
2)Hepatic disease
3)Gallbladder disease
4)Renal disease
5)Parenteral medication administration

Question 11

Drug metabolism can be affected by which factors? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Kidney disease
2)Age
3)Liver disease
4)Genetics

Question 12

A student nurse asks the charge nurse the definition of a prodrug.What is the best response by the charge nurse?
1)A prodrug is a brand name drug.
2)A prodrug is not absorbed by the body.
3)A prodrug is the first drug developed in a drug class.
4)A prodrug requires metabolism to make it active.

Question 13

A client asks the nurse how medication is excreted from the body.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
1)The lungs are the main organ of excretion.
2)The kidney is the main organ of excretion.
3)The colon is the main organ of excretion.
4)The liver is the main organ of excretion.

Question 14

What phrase best describes pharmacodynamics?
1)The potency of a drug
2)What the body does to a drug
3)How a drug exerts its effects
4)The efficacy of a drug

Question 15

What occurs when a medication binds to a plasma protein?
1)The drug is working at its full potential.
2)The drug is in the process of being excreted by the body.
3)The drug is unable to reach its target cells.
4)The drug has reached its target cells.

Question 16

Which action will slow the absorption of a drug?
1)Taking medication earlier than prescribed
2)Taking medication with food
3)Taking medication with water
4)Taking medication before exercise

Question 17

A client takes two medications at the same time.Why might the action of one drug be intensified when this occurs?
1)Neither drug will bind to any plasma protein receptors,and the effect of the more potent drug will be intensified.
2)A client must never take two medications at the same time.
3)The drugs bind together,and the effect of the more potent drug is intensified.
4)Both drugs compete for the plasma protein receptors,and one drug will displace the other.

Question 18

What is not a barrier to distribution of medications?
1)Blood-brain barrier
2)Blood-testicular barrier
3)Blood-placental barrier
4)Blood-lung barrier

Question 19

What is the correct term for the length of time for a drug concentration to decrease by half?
1)Onset of action
2)Metabolism
3)Half-life
4)Distribution

Question 20

The nurse educator is describing the process by which drugs are transported after they have been absorbed or administered directly into the bloodstream.Which response by the student indicates understanding of the process?
1)This process is metabolism.
2)This process is administration.
3)This process is excretion.
4)This process is distribution.

Question 21

Which factors influence the effectiveness of drug therapy? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Food-drug interactions
2)Excretion rate
3)Concentration of drug
4)Gender

Question 22

Which definition describes a receptor?
1)A cell component to which a drug binds in a dose-dependent manner
2)Present only in the drug's target tissue
3)Required to drug action
4)Analogous to the "key" in the lock-and-key model of drug-receptor interaction

Question 23

Drug A produces a certain therapeutic effect at a dose of 5 mg/kg.Drug B produces the same magnitude of effect at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg.How would the nurse describe the action of Drug A when compared to Drug B?
1)Drug A is more efficacious.
2)Drug A is less efficacious.
3)Drug A is more potent.
4)Drug A is less potent.

Question 24

Codeine has a greater maximal ability to suppress cough when compared with dextromethorphan.What is the most appropriate description of codeine when compared to dextromethorphan?
1)Codeine is more efficacious.
2)Codeine is less potent.
3)Codeine is more potent.
4)Codeine is less efficacious.

Question 25

What factors can affect drug absorption? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Blood pressure
2)Laboratory values
3)Heart rate
4)Weight

Question 26

What is the action of a drug antagonist?
1)It facilitates cell action.
2)It does not bind with receptors.
3)It blocks the actions of an agonist.
4)It has no therapeutic benefit.