Deck 3: Stress and Health Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following persons is MOST likely to experience chronic stress?

A)Zachary's father died of a heart attack three weeks ago.
B)Junko has been in labor for 10 hours so far.
C)Wen-Ho is stuck on a Los Angeles freeway at rush hour while visiting his aunt for the week.
D)Paulette is very shy and is in her second month attending a new high school.

Answer 1

Paulette is very shy and is in her second month attending a new high school.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the major causes of stress identified in your text?

A)life changes
B)daily routines
C)conflict
D)hassles

Answer 2

daily routines

Question 3

In an avoidance-avoidance conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will both lead to _____.

A)more conflict
B)hostility
C)an undesirable result
D)ineffective coping

Answer 3

an undesirable result

Question 4

In an approach-approach conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will both lead to _____.

A)less conflict
B)frustration
C)a desirable result
D)effective coping

Question 5

Desmond sees an attractive woman whom he would like to meet.As he approaches her, his heart starts racing and his pupils dilate.In this situation, _____ is the stressor, and _____ is the stress reaction.

A)Desmond; Desmond's attraction to the woman
B)the attractive woman; Desmond's racing heart and dilated pupils
C)Desmond's racing heart and dilated pupils; the attractive woman
D)none of these options; this is an enjoyable experience

Question 6

The researchers responsible for developing the social readjustment rating scale were ________.

A)Lazarus and Folkman
B)Cannon and Bard
C)Holmes and Rahe
D)James and Lange

Question 7

Morty has just taken the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS).He indicated that he has recently suffered from the life change that bears the highest number of life change units.What has Morty recently experienced?

A)he was fired from his job of 20 years
B)the death of his mother or father
C)he's been sentenced to a term in jail
D)the death of his husband

Question 8

A negative emotional state caused by having to choose between two or more incompatible goals or impulses is called _____.

A)frustration
B)conflict
C)stress
D)hostility

Question 9

The most difficult conflict to resolve is usually the _____ conflict.

A)avoidance-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)approach-avoidance
D)none of these options

Question 10

Which of the following would not be an example of a stressor?

A)winning the lottery
B)a death in the family
C)taking a test
D)listening to a favorite song on the radio

Question 11

In your text, the interpretation of specific events as threatening or challenging is called _____.

A)a health crisis
B)stressors
C)stress
D)primary appraisals

Question 12

Poor working conditions and/ or a bad marriage are classified in your text as:

A)stressful life events
B)hassles
C)chronic stressors
D)eustress

Question 13

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, constructed by Holmes and Rahe, measures the stress in a person's life on the basis of _____.

A)life changes
B)stress tolerance
C)daily hassles
D)the balance between eustress and distress

Question 14

Moya really wants to stay home and talk to her best friend on the telephone tonight, but she also wants to go out with her new boyfriend.This is an example of _____ conflict.

A)an approach-approach
B)an avoidance-avoidance
C)an approach-avoidance
D)a double approach-avoidance

Question 15

In a(n)_____ conflict, a person must choose between two or more alternatives that each have both desirable and undesirable results.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)multifaceted

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Chronic stress produced a state of ongoing physical arousal.
B)Cataclysmic events are little, everyday problems that "pile up" to cause major stress
C)Stress is a physiological and psychological response to a negative life event.
D)Conflict is defined as the need to choose between two unattractive options.

Question 17

A stressor is defined as:

A)a trigger or stimulus that induces stress
B)the physiological reaction of the body to environmental factors
C)a negative emotion resulting from environmental unpleasantness
D)the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

Question 18

Three-year-old Cory wants to stay up, rather than going to bed.However, he has to decide whether he will go to bed now or in five minutes.This is an example of _____ conflict.

A)an approach-approach
B)an avoidance-avoidance
C)an approach-avoidance
D)a double approach-avoidance

Question 19

You have a minor car accident after which you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart.In this situation, _____ is the stressor, and _____ is the stress reaction.

A)your racing heart; the accident
B)the accident; your physical reaction
C)your sweaty palms; your rapid breathing
D)the accident; the accident

Question 20

Which statement about the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)is the most accurate?

A)High scores will always cause an increase in illness.
B)They are correlated with illness.
C)Illness causes high scores.
D)Scores of 150-199 are associated with an 80% chance of illness.

Question 21

The fight-flight-freeze response involves activation of the ________ nervous system.

A)central
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 22

This person is LEAST likely to experience burnout.

A)A doctor
B)A firefighter
C)A police officer
D)A photographer

Question 23

Tanner wants to make his mother's favorite dish, but he has no cardamom, an essential ingredient.He tries, unsuccessfully, to borrow some from three of his neighbors.He drives to several stores, but none of them have it.The negative emotion Tanner begins to experience is called _____.

A)an avoidance-avoidance conflict
B)the failure syndrome
C)frustration
D)stress-induced anger

Question 24

The stressor that includes role conflict and role ambiguity is .

A)eustress
B)situational stress
C)job stress
D)life changes

Question 25

An elevator got stuck between floors and kept its occupants trapped for hours.Which of the occupants was likely to experience the MOST frustration?

A)The child who was late for school
B)The husband who was late for breakfast with his mother-in-law
C)The woman who was late for her job interview
D)The man who was late for root-canal work at his dentist's office

Question 26

Which model of acculturation involves rejecting one's old cultural identity while also being rejected by members of the new culture?

A)assimilation
B)marginalization
C)integration
D)separation

Question 27

Samsara is an idealistic person who is exposed to chronic stress in her emotionally draining job as an air traffic controller.The BEST term to describe what Samsara is likely to experience as a result of this situation is _____.

A)burnout
B)eustress
C)technostress
D)minor hassles

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of a cataclysmic event?

A)Hurricane Katrina in 2005
B)buying your first new car
C)making a decision between ordering cheesecake and carrot cake after dinner
D)being unable to get to work because of traffic due to a bad accident

Question 29

______________ is a negative emotional state generally associated with a blocked goal.

A)Frustration
B)A hassle
C)Stress
D)Conflict

Question 30

Survivors of cataclysmic events may develop a prolonged and severe stress reaction, known as _________.

A)DEF
B)PTSD
C)OCD
D)COPD

Question 31

When one is forced to choose between two or more separate and incompatible professional functions, one is experiencing ______.

A)role conflict
B)eustress
C)burnout
D)vestress

Question 32

Small problems of daily living that accumulate and sometimes become a major source of stress are called _____.

A)hassles
B)stressors
C)chronic stressors
D)frustrators

Question 33

Moving to a new city is considered a _____, whereas filling out change-of-address cards for all your subscriptions and creditors is considered a _____.

A)distressor; eustressor
B)cataclysmic event; frustrator
C)life event; hassle
D)hassle; minor problem

Question 34

Kumiko has recently moved from her home country of Okinawa to San Bernardino, California.She feels tremendous pressure to adapt to American culture and to "abandon" her Okinawan roots.This is referred to as ________ stress.

A)acculturative
B)exogenous
C)general adaption-related
D)cataclysmic

Question 35

According to your text, the degree of frustration you feel is related to _____.

A)the number of stressors in your life
B)your level of motivation to achieve a blocked goal
C)the ratio of intrinsic to extrinsic motivators in the situation
D)your innate frustration threshold

Question 36

_____ is an unpleasant state of tension, anxiety, and heightened sympathetic activity that results from a blocked goal.

A)Frustration
B)Hostility
C)Conflict
D)Anger

Question 37

A state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion attributable to long-term involvement in emotionally demanding situations is called _____.

A)primary conflict
B)technostress
C)burnout
D)secondary conflict

Question 38

Which of the following is an approach-avoidance conflict?

A)Choice A - positive result; Choice B - positive result
B)Choice A - positive result; Choice B - negative result
C)Choice A - negative result; Choice B - negative result
D)Choice A and B both have a positive and negative result

Question 39

A cataclysmic event

A)is a high-level, chronic stressor.
B)is a personal, intense stressor involving a challenge.
C)causes interpersonal distress.
D)is unexpected and often affects many people at the same time.

Question 40

Holmes is running for congress and has to decide whether or not to tell the truth about his use of drugs in high school.This is an example of _____.

A)approach-approach conflict
B)avoidance-avoidance conflict
C)multifaceted
D)an approach-avoidance conflict

Question 41

_____ is the field that studies the effects of psychological factors on the immune system.

A)Psychosomatology
B)Neurobiology
C)Psychoneuroimmunology
D)Biopsychology

Question 42

Than was laid off two weeks ago.His bills are now piling up, he hasn't found a new job yet, and his wife is pregnant.Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is he MOST likely experiencing?

A)resistance
B)alarm
C)exhaustion
D)burnout

Question 43

Elevated levels of the stress hormone called ________ can result in a suppression of the immune system.

A)epinephrine
B)norepinephrine
C)insulin
D)cortisol

Question 44

After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)terminal
B)alarm
C)resistance
D)exhaustion

Question 45

As Michael watches his instructor pass out papers, he suddenly realizes that this is the first major exam and that he is totally unprepared.Which phase of the GAS is he most likely experiencing?

A)resistance
B)alarm
C)exhaustion
D)phase out

Question 46

An excessive amount of chronic stress can lead to all EXCEPT which of the following:

A)hypertension
B)depression
C)PTSD
D)diabetes

Question 47

The body's immediate fight-flight-freeze response is facilitated by the _______ system(s).

A)SAM and HPA
B)HPA
C)EPA
D)SAM and PDQ

Question 48

Distress is _____.

A)neutral
B)always the result of internal stressors
C)unpleasant
D)always the result of external stressors

Question 49

The release of cortisol during the fight-flight-freeze response occurs at the end of the _____ pathway.

A)pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex
B)pituitary, adrenal cortex, hypothalamus
C)hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex
D)adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary

Question 50

Which of the following diseases may occur during the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A)environmental allergies
B)high blood pressure
C)astigmatism
D)presbycusis

Question 51

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Eustress is pleasant stress, while distress is unpleasant stress.
B)All stress is bad for you, both physically and psychologically.
C)Those who experience more regular stress are likely to die prematurely.
D)Distress can only occur in response to major life events.

Question 52

A physiological alarm reaction, followed by resistance and ending with exhaustion, is known as _____.

A)the fight-flight-freeze response
B)the general adaptation syndrome
C)HPA axis
D)SAM system

Question 53

During the _____ phase of Selye's theory of stress, considerable energy is expended to adapt to the stressor over an ongoing period of time.

A)alarm reaction
B)accelerated responsiveness
C)resistance
D)exhaustion

Question 54

Pleasant, positive, desirable stress is called _____.

A)eustress
B)pseudostress
C)dysthymia
D)distress

Question 55

In Selye's general adaptation syndrome theory of stress, the initial response of the autonomic nervous system to a stressor occurs in the _____ phase.

A)resistance
B)primary response
C)global responsiveness
D)alarm

Question 56

The hormone that is released from the adrenal glands when we are under physical or emotional stress is ________.

A)serotonin
B)cortisol
C)dopamine
D)adrenaline

Question 57

The body's state of equilibrium is called ______.

A)allostasis
B)corporeal stability
C)pathostability
D)homeostasis

Question 58

Which of the following is not part of the SAM system?

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)adrenal medulla
C)increase in cortisol levels in the bloodstream
D)release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 59

John was planning to ask Susan to marry him.When he saw Susan kissing another man at a party, he was quite upset.In this situation, John's seeing Susan kissing another man is _____, and it illustrates _____.

A)a stressor; distress
B)eustress; a stressor
C)distress; a stressor
D)a stressor; eustress

Question 60

Which of the following situations is the BEST example of eustress?

A)Carello has just found out that a deadline at work has been moved up by a week, and he has to get the project finished.
B)Mose is performing his regular, moderate workout at the gym.
C)Alban just sprained his ankle playing a grueling tennis match.
D)Divya is getting ready for surgery to repair a broken hip.

Question 61

Coronary heart disease occurs when:

A)the muscles of the heart erode.
B)the heart beats too rapidly.
C)the walls of heart arteries thicken, reducing blood supply to the heart.
D)HDL cholesterol levels exceed LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 62

When the complexity of a task is very high, the optimal level of stress that would promote the best performance would be ________.

A)low
B)moderate
C)high
D)zero

Question 63

Simon is experiencing chest pain due to an insufficient blood supply to the heart.Saul's coronary arteries are nearly blocked, which is slowing blood flow to his heart.Sean has just experienced the death of some of his heart muscle tissue.What do these men have in common?

A)Angina
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Heart attack
D)Heart disease

Question 64

Problem-focused forms of coping focus on _____.

A)the severity of stress experienced
B)decreasing or eliminating the source of stress
C)eliminating the pain caused by the stressor
D)all of these options

Question 65

Which of the following situations would be MORE effectively handled with emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping?

A)Your boss needs to give you fewer hours next week but you were counting on the extra pay.
B)Your best friend is being treated for testicular cancer.
C)You did poorly on the first exam this term, and the second exam is coming up.
D)You've had a fight with your sweetheart and you feel bad about the way you spoke during the argument.

Question 66

A man was viciously beaten three months ago and is now suffering from PTSD.Which of the following symptoms is he LEAST likely to develop?

A)nightmares and sleep disturbances
B)withdrawal from personal relationships
C)episodes of both mania and depression
D)anxiety and loss of control

Question 67

Which of the following persons is EFFECTIVELY using emotion-focused coping?

A)Roscoe rationalized that his poor grade on the math test was because his teacher was boring.
B)Logan rationalized that not making the basketball team would give him more time to focus on his studies and finish college sooner.
C)Kimmy decided that all men were jerks after being dumped by five guys in five years.
D)Dolores decided to ignore the lump in her breast, telling herself that it was probably no big deal.

Question 68

A small plane just crashed in your neighborhood.You take a fire extinguisher and blankets to the scene, then stand back and silently gather with others on the scene when you realize there is nothing you can do to help.In this situation, gathering quietly with others out of reverence and respect is an example of _____ coping.

A)problem-focused
B)emotion-focused
C)active
D)passive

Question 69

_____ is the general term for all disorders that affect the heart muscle and can ultimately result in heart failure.

A)Heart attack
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Angina
D)Heart disease

Question 70

The H.pylori bacterium that is associated with ulcer formation is _____.

A)not affected by antibiotics
B)found in 75% of people who do not have ulcers
C)found in 100% of patients with ulcers
D)women far more than in men

Question 71

Rationalizing is a(n)_____ form of coping.

A)emotion-focused
B)problem-focused
C)primary appraisal
D)juvenile

Question 72

In studies of how stress impacts pain, one would need to suffer from a given type of pain for _____ month(s)in order for that pain to be considered chronic.

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)12

Question 73

Which of the following has not been implicated in the origin and/or progression of cancer-related diseases?

A)Heredity
B)The environment
C)Lifestyle choices
D)Stress

Question 74

Ulcers are associated with _____.

A)the H.pylori bacterium
B)a decrease in stress hormones and hydrochloric acid
C)an increase in blood flow to the stomach
D)occasional life hassles or conflicts

Question 75

Adele has been suffering from chronic pain, and her physician has recommended that she explore the use of biofeedback that involves electromyography (EMG).In such a procedure what sort of physical process would be monitored?

A)eye movements
B)sleep
C)brain waves
D)muscle activity

Question 76

Which of the following is the medical term for chest pain that is caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart?

A)angina
B)myocardial infarction
C)atherosclerosis
D)arteriosclerosis

Question 77

Emotion-focused forms of coping are based on changing your _____ when faced with stressful situations.

A)genetics
B)reactions
C)strategies
D)heuristics

Question 78

People who experience flashbacks, nightmares, and impaired functioning following a life-threatening or other horrifying event might be _____.

A)suffering from a psychosomatic illness
B)experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder
C)having a nervous breakdown
D)weaker than people who take such events in stride

Question 79

The two chemicals released during the fight-flight-freeze stress response that are associated with the development of heart disease are _____.

A)high-density and low-density cholesterol
B)adrenaline and epinephrine
C)cortisol and epinephrine
D)insulin and leptin

Question 80

_______ allows people to attempt to control their reactions, particularly disruptive or counterproductive reactions, to a specific problem or situation.

A)Problem-focused coping
B)Primary-appraisal
C)Secondary-appraisal
D)Emotion-focused coping