Deck 26: Communicable Disease

Question 1

During an outbreak in the hospital,all staff members were given immunoglobulin if they were not already immune to the disease.Which type of immunity will the staff who received the immunoglobulin have?

A)Active immunity
B)Long-lasting immunity
C)Natural immunity
D)Passive immunity

Answer 1

Passive immunity

Question 2

A patient walks into a community clinic complaining of severe intestinal cramps and diarrhea.Which action can be taken to protect the staff at the clinic?

A)Refuse to see anyone that sick as clinics have a different mission than secondary and tertiary care of the obviously ill
B)Send the patient immediately to the closest hospital emergency department
C)Treat the patient with broad-spectrum antibiotics and lots of fluids
D)Use universal precautions with all patients regardless of the situation

Answer 2

Use universal precautions with all patients regardless of the situation

Question 3

Which is the first step in preventing further spread of a particular sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

A)Have a citywide free screening program in all high schools and colleges
B)Provide public education about safe sex from abstinence to monogamous relationships
C)Require all public facilities to sanitize all restrooms with a stronger,more effective agent
D)Treat each infected person with the appropriate pharmaceutical agent

Answer 3

Treat each infected person with the appropriate pharmaceutical agent

Question 4

Which is a fairly recent surprise regarding infectious diseases in the United States?

A)Cervical cancer and coronary artery disease may be caused by infectious agents
B)Epidemics such as the H1N1 flu continue to occur
C)Mortality caused by infectious diseases continues to rise
D)Some infectious diseases remain endemic in our society.

Question 5

Which would be one of the first steps in attempting to control a disease?

A)Create an appropriate screening test for widespread use
B)Define what the disease looks like in confirmed or probable cases
C)Determine the disease's portal of entry and portal of exit
D)Measure the extent of its spread geographically

Question 6

A community health clinic put a tax levy on the ballot.An angry man asks a nurse,"How can you ask me to pay taxes to buy immunizations for parents who do not want to pay for their kids to get their shots?" Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A)"Don't you think ethically we should help if we can?"
B)"For many of us,our faith says we have to treat our neighbor as ourselves."
C)"Only by getting almost everyone immunized can we prevent epidemics that can hurt us all."
D)"The law requires childhood immunizations,and,if parents can't afford it,you and I will have to help pay."

Question 7

Which best describes what is happening with infectious diseases in the United States?

A)There is a continuing decrease in vector-borne infections
B)There is a continuing increase in food-borne and waterborne infections
C)Many airborne diseases are being spread by bioterrorists
D)The rate of infection varies extensively by income and ethnic groups.

Question 8

Which statement best explains how infectious diseases are different from any other health problem?

A)Infectious diseases are easier to treat by using pharmaceuticals
B)Infectious diseases are more prevalent now than in the past
C)Infectious diseases are acute illnesses that catch clients unprepared
D)Infectious diseases have the potential to spread,creating a community emergency.

Question 9

A city that depended on tourist dollars had feedback that tourists were saying they were never returning because of the constant mosquito bites.Which action should be taken by the city?

A)Do not have any tourist events at dawn or dusk
B)Have everyone in town search for and remove any standing stagnant water
C)Give free bug repellent to each tourist
D)Tell tourists to avoid wearing bright colors.

Question 10

The charge nurse notes that two patients had communicable infectious diseases and were treated appropriately.Which action should be taken next by the nurse?

A)Depends on your state health department's requirements
B)Report the two cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
C)Report the two cases to your regional health department
D)Send the information for inclusion in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Question 11

The daily patrons of a local town restaurant became ill with nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.Without knowing the cause,which action should be taken immediately to help avoid future problems?

A)Establish a series of cooking classes for all citizens
B)Have a citywide campaign to cover your mouth when sneezing
C)Use bleach to clean the entire restaurant
D)Strongly emphasize the importance of proper hand washing to staff

Question 12

The nurse could not find a vaccine in the refrigerator.The unopened vaccine vial had been put in a storage cabinet with the other medications.The nurse drew up the appropriate dose in the syringe and then put the vial of vaccine in the refrigerator.Which would be the most likely result?

A)The client will have immunity to the disease after the vaccination
B)Primary vaccine failure
C)Secondary vaccine failure
D)The injection will not feel so cold to the client

Question 13

A female client develops a fungal vaginal infection after being treated with antibiotics for strep throat.Which component of the epidemiological triangle is primarily responsible?

A)Agent
B)Environment
C)Host
D)Interaction of agent and environment

Question 14

A daycare center asked the nurse to come because they had several children out as a result of chickenpox.Which statement should the nurse make to the staff?

A)"Chickenpox has low infectivity,so few children will get sick."
B)"Chickenpox has low pathogenicity,so the children won't be sick enough to stay home if the parents really need to go to work."
C)"Chickenpox has low virulence,so the children will be back at the daycare center in a week or so."
D)"Adults never catch chickenpox,so the staff are safe and may continue working."

Question 15

A case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)was diagnosed immediately on signs of illness at a tourist site in China.Which action should be taken to protect the badly needed income from tourist dollars?

A)Close the airports and refuse to let the tourists in the area leave
B)Begin to immunize everyone in the immediate area with protective vaccine as soon as possible
C)Quarantine the ill person and use isolation techniques when providing care
D)Screen everyone in the area by requiring a blood and urine sample

Question 16

Which infection continues to increase in the United States?

A)Measles
B)Pertussis
C)Hepatitis A,B,and C
D)Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Question 17

A school had tried very hard to uphold the requirement for all children to be vaccinated.However,state law allowed parents to exempt their child if they had a religious reason for refusal.Two children have been diagnosed with chickenpox.Which will be the most likely result?

A)Adults as well as children in the neighborhood will get chickenpox
B)All the children who played with the two sick children will probably get chickenpox
C)All the unimmunized children will probably come down with chickenpox
D)Few children will get chickenpox because of herd immunity.

Question 18

Which statement is true concerning tuberculosis (TB)infections in the United States?

A)Subclinical cases of TB can occur in patients who fight off the infection and thus are not a danger to themselves or others
B)TB can be cured by a 6-month period of treatment with INH
C)TB can only be caused by the Mycobacterium bovis bacillus
D)Under certain conditions,susceptible hosts may be infected by the TB bacillus.

Question 19

One child in a kindergarten room had a slight fever and did not eat lunch.Otherwise,the child seemed OK.Three days later,several children were absent from kindergarten.Which best describes what happened?

A)Another nursery school was offering the same child care at a much lower price
B)Infectious diseases can be contagious before any diagnostic symptoms occur
C)No way to tell; there are many reasons why parents keep children home
D)Parents chose to protect their children from the child with a fever,so they kept their children home for a few days.

Question 20

Which best describes why clinical areas are so careful to ensure sanitization of surfaces and equipment between each patient?

A)To avoid direct patient-to-patient transmission of infection
B)To provide a clean environment for clients and staff
C)To decrease transmission by fomites
D)To decrease transmission by vectors

Question 21

Which best explains why the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)was originally legislated? (Select all that apply.)

A)To ensure that data are used to educate health care professionals on proper vaccine administration
B)To conduct media campaigns to help convince parents to bring their children in to receive appropriate immunizations
C)To determine whether changes should be made in procedures or biological agents
D)To illustrate,using actual data,that vaccines are widely given to healthy people with almost no side effects
E)To monitor actual and potential vaccine-related problems
F)To provide assistance to families who experience a vaccine-related injury

Question 22

A nurse is planning primary prevention activities related to the emergence of tuberculosis (TB)in the local community.Which activity would the nurse implement?

A)Offer screening tests for TB in the community
B)Discuss the referral process with community members diagnosed with TB
C)Educate community members about TB infection and transmission
D)Monitor medication compliance for community members diagnosed with TB

Question 23

Parents have requested that their child be brought up to date on appropriate immunizations.After reviewing the child's medical history,the nurse prepares to give the two immunizations.What additional action should be taken by the nurse before administration of the immunization?

A)Ask if there is any chance the girl child could be pregnant
B)Ask the child if she consents to the immunizations
C)Assess whether the child has a fever or other illness that would require the immunization be postponed
D)Explain the pros and cons of obtaining immunizations to the parents
E)Give the parents the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)

Question 24

An 11-year-old boy is at the community health clinic for his well-child visit.The child's mother states she has heard that there is a HPV vaccine available for boys and wonders when her child should receive this vaccine.Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A)"Let me check to see if we have the vaccine on hand,as boys receive a different vaccine than girls."
B)"The HPV vaccine has not yet been found to be safe and effective for boys,so I would recommend waiting another year."
C)"The HPV vaccine should be given to boys after they start puberty,so the age of administration will vary."
D)"The HPV vaccine should be given to your son at his visit today and will need to be administered two more times."