Deck 3: Group Goals, Social Interdependence,and Trust

Question 1

The following is a goal for the employees of IRS: we will learn the basics of chess (setting the table, basic moves and strategies, chess etiquette) by the end of this month. What's wrong with this goal?

A) Specific
B) Trackable and measurable
C) Achievable but challenging
D) Relevant

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Having operational goals for a group has a lot of advantages. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Operational goals

A) Facilitate communication between group members
B) Guide the group in planning and carrying out tasks
C) Help evaluate the group process and the group product
D) Inspire group members to achieve their own goals

Answer 2

D

Question 3

As spring rolled around, Gregory's study group decided to get fit together. Playing soccer sounded like a fun way to do it. This is the goal they have come up with: we will get fit by kicking the ball around three times a week. This goal satisfies all of these criteria EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Trackable and measurable
B) Achievable but challenging
C) Relevant
D) Transfer

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Involving group members in formulating group goals is important for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

A) Members feel ownership of these goals
B) Members have a better understanding of the actions to be taken
C) Group goals match individual goals to a larger extent
D) Group goals benefit individual members more than the group

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective group goals? Goals

A) Are operationally defined
B) Create negative interdependence among group members
C) Are perceived as meaningful and relevant by the group members
D) Offer a moderate risk of failure

Question 6

Based on the START guide to formulating group goals, which of the following is a good group goal?

A) For the Moms' Club of Ashton - each and every one of us will get fit by the
End of summer.
B) For the faculty of Woodbury University - we will learn the basics of knitting
(casting on stitches, purling, binding off) by the end of this month.
C) For the Runners' Association of St. Paul - By the end of July, we will be
Able to run the marathon in 4 hours.
D) For the members of a sorority - we will get the Nobel Prize in 2 years.

Question 7

Mikel and Alicia are meeting to try to help their charity raise money. Which is an example of a good operational goal?

A) Come up with three ideas for raising $300 in the next two weeks.
B) Discuss how to better our future fund-raising
C) Make conclusions about what's wrong with our fund-raising
D) How to get all members to raise money

Question 8

Level of aspiration can be defined as a compromise between

A) Ideal goals and realistic expectations
B) Individual goals and group goals
C) Complete trust and mistrust
D) Visions and operational goals

Question 9

The following are all features of good operational goals. Which one is NOT?

A) Skills learned through achieving this goal can be transferred to other situations
B) Goals are relatively easy to achieve
C) Goals are specific and well defined
D) Progress in achieving the goal is measurable

Question 10

To deal with hidden agendas, it is recommended that the group spend a lot of time on

A) Establishing trust among group members
B) Making sure everyone is one the same page regarding group goals
C) Creating positive social interdependence and good conflict resolution skills
Among the group members
D) Evaluating the group leader's ability to set worthwhile goal for the group

Question 11

In program evaluation and review or critical path review, groups need to

A) Specify the end state they want to achieve
B) Allocate resources based on membership-role relationships
C) Appoint a consultant to interview the group members about their views on the
Priorities for the group
D) Evaluate the ability of the group to deal with hidden agendas productively

Question 12

Hidden agendas are

A) Heterogeneous, conflicting goals among group members that can interfere
With group effectiveness
B) Homogeneous goals among group members that are not aligned with the
Dominant group goal
C) Personal goals unknown to other group members and not in agreement
With the dominant group goal
D) Goals inaccessible to all group members that are in agreement with the
Dominant group goal

Question 13

To ensure that members are committed to group goals, it is crucial that

A) The group goals are clearly presented by the group leader
B) The goals are desirable to all the group members to the same extent
C) The members are involved in defining the goals
D) The group goals function as a source of independence for all group members

Question 14

When a hidden agenda is recognized, group members should

A) Scold the person for having it
B) Pressure the person into changing it
C) Problem-solve the hidden agenda
D) a and b
E) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 15

Group goals are:

A) Intellectual
B) Determined by the leader
C) Analytical
D) Focusing

Question 16

Research shows that when in cooperative setting, members are more concerned with

A) Group outcomes than with individual outcomes
B) Individual outcomes than with group outcomes
C) The pleasantness of the interaction between group members than with the
Individual outcome
D) The individual outcome than with the pleasantness of the interaction between
Group members

Question 17

Group goals must be

A) Of a passionate nature
B) Clearly understood
C) Related to the structured interdependence of the group members
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is a good operational goal?

A) Name the educational philosophies that you most agree with
B) Discuss the main differences between negative and positive social
Interdependence
C) List the five qualities that are relevant for a group goal
D) Understand the theoretical underpinnings of levels of aspiration

Question 19

In contrast to nonoperational goals, operational goals

A) Bind members through a shared emotional commitment
B) Present a unique image of the future
C) Are based on positive social interdependence
D) Easily identifiable indicators of achievement

Question 20

Social interdependence theory originally evolved from

A) Asch's theory of influence
B) Lewin's field theory
C) Lissner's theory of substitute value activity
D) Deutsch's theory of bargaining
E) Koffka's Gestalt theory

Question 21

The two types of interdependence (cooperation and competition) were first conceptualized by

A) Morton Deutsch
B) David Johnson
C) Kurt Lewin
D) Dean Tjosvold

Question 22

Jack and Max work together on a research project. Their goal is to present the results at a couple of conferences at the end of the year, and also write them up for a scholarly article. These students are likely to

A) Challenge each other's thinking and conclusions
B) Hold on to resources and information without sharing them with the others
C) Lose their direction and engage in trivial discussions at length
D) Have a lower level of aspiration than if they worked alone

Question 23

Promotive interaction occurs when members

A) Are concerned about payoffs of cooperation
B) Develop a sense of personal responsibility for their work
C) Encourage each other to work toward group goals
D) Strive to beat the other members and thus propel them to work harder

Question 24

Your team works together on a presentation you will give on nature preservation in your area. The following are all examples of promotive interaction patterns except one. Which one?

A) Listen to feedback on how well the team has worked together
B) Give feedback on the main arguments that a group member presented
C) Explain what you gleaned from an article you have read
D) Take notes of an article you are reading

Question 25

According to social judgment theory, the process of rejection will lead to

A) Greater susceptibility to influence
B) Inducibility
C) Realistic views of others
D) Static views of others

Question 26

Which is not a researched benefit of cooperation when compared to competitive and individualistic efforts?

A) Willingness to take on difficult tasks
B) Motivation is primarily extrinsic
C) Achievement is higher
D) Attitudes are more positive

Question 27

Balderston's (1930) nonexperimental study shows that group incentive methods

A) Are a necessity in modern work environments
B) Are comparable to equity distribution systems in their motivational effect
C) Increased efficiency
D) Increase the level of aspiration of individual employees

Question 28

The Hermans and the Fanellis are neighbors who occasionally get together for a BBQ and have sometimes exchanged recipes. Their relationship is probably

A) Cooperative
B) Competitive
C) Dependent
D) Individualistic

Question 29

Social interdependence exists when individuals share the same goals, and

A) The outcome of one person is affected by the actions of a second person, but
Not vice versa
B) Individuals' outcomes are unaffected by each other's actions
C) Each individual's outcomes are influenced by the other person's actions
D) At least one of the group members wants to work together cooperatively

Question 30

Vic and Tina work together on a research project. Their goal is to present the results at a couple of conferences at the end of the year, and also write them up for a scholarly article. These students have positive

A) Environmental interdependence
B) Fantasy interdependence
C) Goal interdependence
D) Role interdependence

Question 31

Based on the metaanalysis of the literature, when compared to cooperation both competitive and individualistic work structures tend to

A) Improve long-term retention
B) Increase personal creativity
C) Lead to oppositional interaction patterns
D) Lower achievement and productivity

Question 32

Jamie and Paul are assigned to work together on a manual for novice social workers. They decide to divide up the work by chapters - one chapter is authored and signed by Jamie, the other by Paul. They know that if their work is accurate and up-to-date, one of them will be promoted, while the other person will remain in their current position. Their relationship in this work is likely to be

A) Cooperative
B) Competitive
C) Dependent
D) Individualistic

Question 33

Based on the meta-analysis of cooperative literature, effect sizes are

A) Comparable for pure operationalizations and mixtures
B) Higher for mixtures of cooperative, competitive and individualistic efforts
C) Higher for pure operationalizations of cooperative learning
D) Not comparable based on the operationalizations of goal structure

Question 34

Process gain can be described as the development of new ideas through group

A) Development
B) Interaction
C) Processing
D) Structuring

Question 35

Based on the metaanalysis of the literature, cooperation will lead to

A) Better grasp of operational goals
B) Decreased amount of hidden agendas
C) More time on task
D) Lower level of aspiration

Question 36

According to Deutsch's theory, how individuals interact with each other is determined by

A) The type of interdependence structured in the situation
B) The type of personalities brought together in a situation
C) The extent to which these individuals share goals
D) The level of trust these individuals exhibit in each other

Question 37

Len and Krista have a 5-month old baby, Henry. Krista takes care of him during the day and Len is responsible for his well-being at night. Henry sleeps well at night if he gets good naps during the day. However, if he is overtired, by the time his evening bedtime rolls around he wakes up several times during the night and is hard to soothe. Len and Krista's relationship can be described as

A) Cooperative
B) Competitive
C) Dependent
D) Individualistic

Question 38

When a situation is structured cooperatively, the interaction pattern is

A) Oppositional
B) Pathological
C) Promotive
D) Nonexistent

Question 39

Charlie and his friends formed a band to play country music. Pete plays the banjo, Hannah is on the drums, David plays the accordion, Joe is the fiddler, while Charlie is at the piano. They want to play music for their friend's wedding and so they practice every Saturday for two hours. The band members have

A) Environmental interdependence
B) Resource interdependence
C) Reward interdependence
D) Role interdependence

Question 40

Linda and Todd have a 6-month old baby, Roberta. They both love the baby very much, and want her to smile at them the most. When the three of them are together, both parents do everything they can so that the baby smiles at her mommy/daddy the most. Linda and Todd's relationship can be described as

A) Cooperative
B) Competitive
C) Dependent
D) Individualistic

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the stability of cooperation?

A) Members have a stake in future interaction
B) Members have individual goals
C) Members' actions are visible to all other members
D) Members emotionally identify with the group

Question 42

Group processing is

A) Deciding who is to be in the group
B) Assigning roles to group members
C) Deciding on the group goals
D) Reflecting on the group session

Question 43

Maria is a high school English teacher who wants to have the strongest interdependence possible in her class groups. So she chooses to first have

A) Goal interdependence
B) Resource interdependence
C) Role interdependence
D) Identity interdependence

Question 44

Teaching members social skills results in

A) Decreased achievement
B) Increased achievement
C) Lack of group productivity
D) Students needing a reward for working

Question 45

Shawna is a new elementary school teacher who would like to run a cooperative classroom. She puts her students into groups of three and asks them to work together to write a story about a caterpillar. Her students will likely work together productively only if group members _______ each other.

A) Are good friends with
B) Are positively interdependent with
C) Are negatively interdependent with
D) Can freely interact with

Question 46

In some cases, exploiting others' cooperative efforts can pay off. Which of the following presents such a case? When

A) All group members are easy to identify
B) Members are willing to apply the tit-for-tat strategy
C) Members only have one chance to interact with each other
D) Interactions take place frequently

Question 47

Competitive experiences do not promote self-esteem in the same way cooperative efforts do because in competitive experiences self-esteem is

A) Based on the outcome of competition
B) Less dependent on social skills
C) Not correlated with success
D) Related to basic self-rejection

Question 48

Social loafing is more likely to occur if

A) It is hard to identify how much each group member contributes
B) Reward interdependence is not well established
C) The group engages in too much promotive interaction
D) Individual accountability and positive interdependence do not go hand in hand

Question 49

Cooperative experiences are associated with a higher degree of all of the following indices of psychological health and functioning than competitive and individual experiences EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Intelligence
B) Leadership skills
C) Perspective taking ability
D) Self-efficacy

Question 50

Ramone uses goal interdependence in structuring his Science groups while his colleague, Habib, uses resource interdependence. Which one is likely to get higher productivity?

A) Ramone
B) Habib
C) Both the same

Question 51

Which is more effective in group processing?

A) Individual feedback
B) Group feedback
C) Teacher feedback
D) All are equally effective

Question 52

Cooperation is most likely to work in a group that

A) Has homogenous members
B) Is large, with many member resources
C) Has individual work as a component
D) Meets repeatedly over time

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential elements of cooperation?

A) Homogeneous group membership
B) Social skills
C) Promotive interaction
D) Individual accountability

Question 54

Entitativity is the perception that a group is

A) Competitively oriented
B) Able to complete the task
C) Productive and worthwhile
D) Unified and coherent

Question 55

These are all examples of promotive interaction EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) I found this article and thought this may be helpful for your piece of the project
B) The article I read seems to contradict to what you are saying - we should take
A closer look
C) Let's try to put in one more hour of work before we call it a day
D) I think we had more than enough of this - let's go out and relax.

Question 56

Based on the literature on cooperation, which of the following attitudes is/are consistently negatively associated with psychological health?

A) Cooperative
B) Competitive
C) Individualistic
D) Competitive and individualistic
E) None of the above

Question 57

The larger the group, the more likely that members

A) Will learn more from each other
B) Communicate less frequently
C) Communicate more truthfully
D) Find a friend in the group

Question 58

Group cohesiveness improves performance when the task

A) Requires close cooperation
B) Requires individual performance
C) Is competitive
D) Is monotonous

Question 59

Positive interdependence exists when group members perceive that

A) They cannot succeed without the group
B) The group cannot succeed without them
C) Group success is unimportant
D) a and b
E) b and c
D) All of the above

Question 60

Cohesiveness within a group is determined by

A) Level of aspiration of the group
B) Liking among group members
C) Group norms
D) Psychological health of group members

Question 61

Maintaining trust in interpersonal relationships is very important. The following are all good pieces of advice to that effect, EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Agree with everything the other person says
B) Avoid cracking a joke at the other person's expense
C) Feel free to share your thoughts and feelings after the other person has done
So
D) Let your guard down if the other person has shown acceptance and support

Question 62

The Interpersonal Trust Scale was developed by

A) Morton Deutsch
B) David Johnson
C) Julian Rotter
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 63

Based on Deutsch's definition, you trust someone if, by trusting that person,

A) Your potential gain is about the same as your potential loss
B) You can gain more than you can lose
C) You can lose more than you can gain
D) You love and respect that person.

Question 64

Trust is ______to establish and ______ to break, distrust is ______ to create and ______to change.

A) Easy; easy; difficult; difficult
B) Easy; difficult; difficult; easy
C) Difficult; difficult; easy; easy
D) Difficult; easy; easy; difficult

Question 65

Group goals are helpful but not essential to a group's functioning.

Question 66

Before a task is performed, members tend to believe that a ______system is fairest; after the task is completed, they tend to believe that a ______ system is most fair

A) Equality; equity
B) Equity; need
C) Equity, equality
D) Need, equality

Question 67

Helga and her friends are working together on a research paper. If it gets published in a journal, Helga's name is going to be listed first since she secured the grant for the research project. This is an example for

A) Equality system of distributive justice
B) Equity view of distributing benefits
C) Distribution of benefits according to need
D) Resource attractor view of distributing benefits

Question 68

The following are all ways to regain trust in a group after the trust has been broken, EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Apologize sincerely and right away
B) Establish a tough but fair reputation
C) Make yourself vulnerable from time to time
D) Remain trusting and trustworthy at all times

Question 69

Roger and Anne are working on a project together. Anne's mother dies suddenly, so Roger does most of the work. He puts both of their names on the report. This is an example of

A) Equity distribution system
B) Equality distribution system
C) Need distribution system
D) Unfair distribution system

Question 70

The system where rewards are distributed among individuals in proportion to their contribution is called:

A) Contribution distribution system
B) Equality distribution system
C) Equity distribution system
D) Need distribution system

Question 71

Which of the following is the best good definition of openness?

A) The offering of your materials and resources to others in order to help them
Move the group towards goal accomplishment
B) The sharing of information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, and reactions to
The issue the group is pursuing
C) The willingness to respond to another person's risk-taking in a way that
Ensures that the other person will experience beneficial consequences
D) The willingness to risk beneficial or harmful consequences by making oneself
Vulnerable to other group members

Question 72

A potential problem with the equity view of distributing benefits is that group members will

A) Be extrinsically motivated
B) Have equal status, independent of their input
C) Feel alienated from resource attractors
D) Feel disconnected from their work

Question 73

The most important thing about building and maintaining trust is

A) Agreeing with the other person
B) Being trustworthy
C) Resolving conflicts in a constructive manner
D) Showing high acceptance

Question 74

Which of the following is a consequence of equality system of distributive justice?

A) Defensive attitude with other group members
B) Increased number of resource attractors
C) Indifference regarding group output
D) Mutual respect among group members

Question 75

Initial trusting in a new relationship is recommended because

A) It can create a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) One would only join a group whose members are all trustworthy
C) One should always trust
D) Trust is hard to build otherwise

Question 76

You have a new classmate from a fraternity whose members have a reputation of being aggressive and obnoxious. When observing him in class you find him somewhat aggressive and so, when he asks for your notes, you vehemently refuse. He soon behaves with you in an obnoxious way. This is best explained by

A) Interpersonal skills development theory
B) Deutsch's conflict resolution theory
C) Self-fulfilling prophecy
D) Fraternity traditions

Question 77

Someone's personal worth and the extent to which this person contributes to the group's work is closely connected in

A) Equality system of distributive justice
B) Equity view of distributing benefits
C) Distribution of benefits according to need
D) Resource attractor view of distributing benefits

Question 78

If a competitive person joins a cooperative group, the group members are likely to

A) Become more competitive
B) Become more cooperative
C) Not change their behavior
D) Isolate the competitive newcomer

Question 79

When looking at individual differences in how trusting one is, research found that people who have a tendency to trust others tend to ___________ than people who tend to distrust.

A) Lie and be unhappy
B) Be conflicted and maladjusted
C) Be high self-monitoring
D) Be more trustworthy

Question 80

A small business of friends specializing in computer consulting provides help over the phone every evening. The members decided to divide up the time to take calls. Paula is usually on duty between 5 and 9, when it is toughest - the highest number of calls with the most difficult problems. James is on call after 9, when it is relatively quiet, and even boring. They both get paid the same amount of money. The way the money gets divided is called

A) Equality system of distributive justice
B) Equity view of distributing benefits
C) Distribution of benefits according to need
D) Resource attractor view of distributing benefits