Deck 1: An Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

The body is in the ___ position when laying face down.

A) sagittal
B) proximal
C) supine
D) prone
E) oblique

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The study of body structures and relationships among structures is called ___.

A) physiology
B) histology
C) embryology
D) biology
E) anatomy

Answer 2

E

Question 3

This component of a feedback system provides input directly to the control center.

A) effector
B) receptor
C) brain
D) stimulus
E) efferent

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When anatomists use directional terms, which of these is NOT a consideration?

A) The position of a body part is described relative to another body part.
B) Structures such as blood vessels can be described relative to an origin, the heart, using the terms proximal or distal.
C) Humans stand upright, so terms such as anterior and ventral (or posterior and dorsal, or superior and cephalic) are interchangeable; this is not true for four-legged animals.
D) Structures on the limbs are usually described as proximal or distal.
E) The directional terms are used with the assumption that the body is in a supine position with the hands facing palm upward.

Question 5

Two organs on the same side of the body, such as the spleen and the descending colon, are ___.

A) distal
B) ipsilateral
C) proximal
D) contralateral
E) intermediate

Question 6

Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the indicated region?

A) popliteal
B) mental
C) crural
D) olecranal
E) occipital

Question 7

When an examiner feels the body surfaces with hands, for example to detect enlarged or tender organs, this is called ___.

A) inspection.
B) percussion.
C) auscultation.
D) palpation.
E) ultrasonography.

Question 8

Which of the following choices is NOT considered to be a basic life process?

A) reproduction
B) metabolism
C) growth
D) responsiveness
E) pathology

Question 9

The spleen, thymus, and tonsils are all organs that function within the ___.

A) urinary system
B) digestive system
C) endocrine system
D) lymphatic system
E) cardiovascular system

Question 10

A 24 year old female presents to the emergency room complaining of the following symptoms:
• Acute lower right quadrant abdominal pain rated at an 9 out of 10 on the pain scale (10 being the worst pain ever!), that she characterizes as "burning and stabbing" in quality
• Feelings of nausea, dizziness and weakness.
• No difficulty breathing
As her physician, you notice that she exhibits the following signs:
• A very high fever (104ºF)
• High blood pressure (146/90)
• A rapid heart rate (110 beats per minute)
• Clear lung sounds- although her respiratory rate is rapid.
Which of the following choices is the most likely the correct diagnosis?

A) hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
B) pulmonary embolus (blood clot in the lungs)
C) acute appendicitis
D) meningitis
E) pneumonia

Question 11

Along which of the following body planes has this section been made?

A) oblique
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) coronal
E) transverse

Question 12

When the examiner uses a stethoscope to amplify the sound of breathing into the lungs, this is called ___.

A) inspection.
B) percussion.
C) auscultation.
D) palpation.
E) ultrasonography.

Question 13

The study of body function, how the body parts work, is called ___.

A) physiology
B) histology
C) embryology
D) biology
E) anatomy

Question 14

The heart is ___ to the lungs.

A) distal
B) proximal
C) ipsilateral
D) medial
E) contralateral

Question 15

The body is in the ___ position when laying face up.

A) prone
B) proximal
C) supine
D) intermediate
E) oblique

Question 16

Two organs on the opposite side of the body, such as the spleen and the gallbladder, are ___.

A) distal
B) ipsilateral
C) proximal
D) contralateral
E) intermediate

Question 17

This component of a feedback system receives output from the control center.

A) effector
B) stimulus
C) receptor
D) central Nervous System
E) afferent

Question 18

Which term best describes the view shown in this image of the human skull?

A) anterior
B) medial
C) posterior
D) ipsilateral
E) lateral

Question 19

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be:

A) enhancement of labor contraction by oxytocin
B) blood calcium regulation
C) blood pressure regulation
D) blood glucose regulation
E) body temperature regulation

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the location of the radius bone anatomically?

A) It is proximal to the carpal region and inferior to the manual region.
B) It is the lateral bone of the antebrachium.
C) It is located in the crural region.
D) It is inferior to the femoral region and superior to the tarsal region.
E) It is distal to the antecubital region, and is the medial bone of the crural region.

Question 21

Which of these answers describes the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body?

A) metabolism
B) catalyst
C) anabolism
D) catabolism
E) homeostasis

Question 22

The term sacral refers to the ___.

A) chin
B) area between the shoulder blades
C) area at the base of the skull
D) area inferior to the lumbar region and medial to the coxae
E) calf of the leg

Question 23

The mental region is ___ to the orbital region.

A) inferior
B) deep
C) superficial
D) lateral
E) contralateral

Question 24

The pancreas is an organ that plays a role in the ___.

A) digestive and urinary systems
B) respiratory and digestive systems
C) endocrine and lymphatic systems
D) respiratory and lymphatic systems
E) endocrine and digestive systems

Question 25

A group of cells with similar emergent functional properties is defined as a(n):

A) organism
B) compound
C) tissue
D) organ
E) molecule

Question 26

Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the indicated region?

A) otic
B) popliteal
C) antecubital
D) olecranal
E) occipital

Question 27

Which of these are the smallest living units of an organism?

A) molecules
B) cells
C) tissues
D) protons
E) organs

Question 28

Which one of the following terms describes the body's ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment?

A) responsiveness
B) reproduction
C) differentiation
D) metabolism
E) catabolism

Question 29

Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the indicated region?

A) mental
B) popliteal
C) antecubital
D) olecranal
E) coxal

Question 30

The organs in the human body ___.

A) function entirely independently from one another
B) are made of a single tissue type
C) are the smallest living units in the human body
D) include examples such as the bones, the skin, the heart and the lungs
E) can only contribute to the function of a single organ system, such as the gonads contributing to the function of the reproductive system

Question 31

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The cranial cavity houses the brain and is lined by the pleural membranes.
B) The pericardial cavity lies within the superior portion of the mediastinum.
C) The pleural cavities are lined by a membrane called the parietal peritoneum.
D) The visceral layer of a serous membrane covers the organ it protects.
E) The superior border of the pelvic cavity is the diaphragm.

Question 32

The term brachial refers to the ___.

A) chin
B) fingers
C) arm
D) forearm
E) top of the head

Question 33

The carpal region is ___ to the antebrachium.

A) proximal
B) superior
C) deep
D) distal
E) medial

Question 34

Which of the following organs would NOT be visible if the body was sectioned along a mid-sagittal plane?

A) heart
B) adrenal gland
C) small intestine
D) liver
E) uterus

Question 35

The term otic refers to the:

A) eye
B) leg
C) shoulder
D) ear
E) elbow

Question 36

The term sural refers to the ___.

A) skin
B) ear
C) forehead
D) shoulder
E) calf

Question 37

Which of the following terms best describes the location of the stomach relative to the pancreas?

A) deep
B) serous
C) distal
D) transverse
E) anterior

Question 38

Which of the following is a TRUE statement concerning the selected feedback mechanism in a healthy individual?

A) Positive feedback mechanisms are stable, and the most common means to maintain homeostasis in the body.
B) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
C) Elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) result in the release of glucagon from the pancreas, which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-resulting in more glucose in the bloodstream.
D) Blood pressure regulation is a good example of positive feedback, because the response to the initial stimulus increases the stimulus.
E) Stretch receptors in the cervix, stimulated by the fetus during labor and delivery, result in the release of a hormone that stimulates more forceful uterine contractions and additional "stretch" or dilation of the cervix. This is a good example of a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 39

The pancreas and liver are organs in the ___ system.

A) integumentary
B) lymphatic
C) digestive
D) reproductive
E) skeletal

Question 40

The thoracic region is ___ to the inguinal region.

A) superior
B) deep
C) distal
D) ipsilateral
E) supine

Question 41

What is the name of this region?

A) left hypochondriac
B) right Lumbar
C) left inguinal
D) hypogastric
E) mental

Question 42

An individual has been in a traumatic motor vehicle accident and has been ejected from the vehicle because they were not wearing their seatbelt. The person is conscious, and complaining of left upper quadrant pain. When you visualize the area, it has significant swelling and is painful to palpation. Which one of the following organs is located in that area and might be of concern?

A) appendix
B) urinary bladder
C) brain
D) spleen
E) gall bladder

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT retroperitoneal?

A) pancreas
B) adrenal gland
C) stomach
D) duodenum of small intestine
E) kidney

Question 44

Which of these is the function of serous fluid?

A) protect the central nervous system
B) separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities
C) reduce friction between organs
D) circulate respiratory gases
E) carry nervous impulses

Question 45

An individual has been in a traumatic motor vehicle accident and has been ejected from the vehicle because they were not wearing their seatbelt. The person is unconscious, has no pulse, and is apneic (not breathing). You notice some clear fluid leaking from the otic region. You also see some significant lacerations in the cranial region, and the bleeding is profuse. Where is the leakage of clear fluid located?

A) ear
B) base of the skull
C) eye
D) nose
E) mouth

Question 46

In which cavity is the spleen located?

A) cranial cavity
B) mediastinal cavity
C) pleural cavity
D) pelvic cavity
E) abdominal cavity

Question 47

The sternum is ___ to the heart.

A) deep
B) anterior
C) inferior
D) distal
E) transverse

Question 48

Which of these answers is defined as the process of breaking down larger substances into simpler ones?

A) metabolism
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) auscultation
E) palpation

Question 49

In which cavity is the brain located?

A) cranial cavity
B) mediastinal cavity
C) pleural cavity
D) pelvic cavity
E) vertebral cavity

Question 50

A transverse plane will section a body or organ into ___.

A) anterior and posterior
B) left and right
C) superior and inferior
D) unequal left and right sides
E) proximal and distal

Question 51

This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

A) oblique
B) frontal
C) horizontal
D) transverse
E) midsagittal

Question 52

Which term describes the serous membrane lining the cavity that houses the lungs?

A) parietal pericardium
B) parietal peritoneum
C) visceral peritoneum
D) parietal pleura
E) visceral pleura

Question 53

A female is having pain in her hypogastric region. Which organ is NOT located in this region?

A) uterus
B) spleen
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestines
E) small intestines

Question 54

This is the skill and science of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another.

A) anatomy
B) physiology
C) dissection
D) diagnosis
E) immunology

Question 55

Which of these is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function?

A) tissue
B) organ
C) molecules
D) compounds
E) organism

Question 56

Which of these answers is the best example of a retroperitoneal organ?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) heart
D) stomach
E) jejunum of small intestine

Question 57

This is a change in body function that can be measured objectively.

A) symptom
B) disorder
C) disease
D) X-ray
E) sign

Question 58

Which cavity would enclose the heart?

A) cranial cavity
B) pericardial cavity
C) vertebral cavity
D) abdominal cavity
E) pleural cavity

Question 59

Which term describes the serous membrane lining the cavity that houses the liver?

A) parietal pericardium
B) parietal peritoneum
C) dura mater
D) parietal pleura
E) parietal mediastinum

Question 60

Which of the following statements best defines a disorder?

A) an illness accompanied by signs and symptoms
B) subjective changes experienced by the patient
C) an abnormality of structure or function
D) measurable changes that can be observed clinically
E) both subjective changes experienced by the patient and measurable changes that can be observed clinically.

Question 61

Which cavity would include a lung?

A) cranial cavity
B) vertebral cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pericardial cavity
E) pleural cavity

Question 62

The heart is ___ to the liver.

A) inferior
B) anterior
C) contralateral
D) superior
E) superficial

Question 63

Which of these body fluids most directly affects the proper functioning of cells?

A) lymph
B) blood
C) interstitial fluid
D) aqueous humor
E) vitreous body

Question 64

In which cavity is the stomach located?

A) cranial cavity
B) vertebral cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pericardial cavity
E) pleural cavity

Question 65

In which cavity are the lungs located?

A) cranial cavity
B) vertebral cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pericardial cavity
E) pleural cavity

Question 66

An oblique plane will cut a body or organ into ___.

A) anterior and posterior
B) left and right
C) superior and inferior
D) sections along an angle
E) unequal left and right sides

Question 67

Which of the following organs is NOT found in the abdominal cavity?

A) stomach
B) spleen
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) diaphragm

Question 68

A condition that is NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be ___.

A) childbirth
B) body temperature
C) blood pressure
D) heart rate
E) blood sugar levels

Question 69

Where on the diagram is the femoral area?

A) D
B) E
C) F
D) J
E) K

Question 70

This covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen.

A) pericardium
B) pleura
C) mediastinum
D) diaphragm
E) serous membrane

Question 71

This directional term is the opposite of deep.

A) superficial
B) superior
C) inferior
D) distal
E) proximal

Question 72

Which of these directional terms means farthest from the midline?

A) medial B) anterior
C) proximal
D) deep
E) lateral

Question 73

This is a change in body function that is subjective and is described by the patient to the clinician.

A) symptom B) disorder
C) disturbance
D) disease
E) sign

Question 74

Which of these answers is defined as the regulation of body conditions within normal limits?

A) palpation
B) percussion
C) homeostasis
D) autopsy
E) histology

Question 75

Membranes that cover lung tissue are called ___.

A) meninges
B) visceral pleura
C) parietal mesenteries
D) parietal serosa
E) dura mater

Question 76

This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center.

A) receptor B) body fluids
C) brain
D) effector
E) afferent

Question 77

This cavity is inferior to the abdominal cavity.

A) vertebral cavity
B) cranial cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pericardial cavity
E) pelvic cavity

Question 78

This plane divides the body into unequal left and right sides.

A) frontal
B) midsagittal
C) transverse
D) oblique
E) parasagittal

Question 79

Which of these directional terms means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure?

A) deep
B) contralateral
C) lateral
D) cephalic
E) distal

Question 80

Where on the diagram is the sacral area?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) I
E) J