Deck 13: Western Expansion and Southern Secession, 1830-1861

Question 1

Under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gave up claims to territory that would become the states of California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

"Popular Sovereignty" was the concept that citizens of a territory should regulate their own internal affairs, such as slavery.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The outbreak of the Mexican-American War was caused by the dispute over Oregon.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Pottawatomie Massacre was part of the conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas.

Question 5

The term manifest destiny was coined by newspaper editor

A)Horace Mann.
B)James K.Polk.
C)John C.Calhoun.
D)William Lloyd Garrison.
E)John L.O'Sullivan.

Question 6

There were more than 200 different Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River in 1840.

Question 7

What dramatic change did the shift from Spanish to Mexican rule in California produce?

A)Rancheros persuaded the Mexican government to give them control of the missions' vast farmlands.
B)Indians lost their freedom and instead were under the control of the Catholic Church.
C)Indians successfully took control of Sutter's Fort and used it as a trading outpost.
D)The government stopped giving out land grants along the California coast.
E)Rancheros lost their status as landowners and became cheap farm laborers.

Question 8

The states of the Deep South did not secede from the Union until Lincoln took office.

Question 9

In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln pledged that he would not interfere with slavery where it already existed.

Question 10

One aspect of the Compromise of 1850 was to weaken federal laws regarding slavery.

Question 11

According to the textbook, southerners were particularly afraid that newly elected President Lincoln would prevent the expansion of the cotton economy.

Question 12

The main political concern addressed by the Wilmot Proviso was whether or not to extend slavery westward.

Question 13

Mexico's independence from Spain slowed American expansion westward.

Question 14

President Martin Van Buren failed to win the Democratic party's nomination to run for a second term because of his opposition to annexing Texas.

Question 15

Manifest destiny was based on the notion that the United States must spread __________ and __________ westward.

A)Catholicism; freedom
B)monarchy; capitalism
C)Christianity; capitalism
D)Protestantism; monarchy
E)aristocracy; socialism

Question 16

Texians were Hispanic Texans, whereas Tejanos were Anglo-Texan settlers.

Question 17

An increase in trade with China and Japan led American merchants and manufacturers to call for the building of a transcontinental railroad line.

Question 18

By 1843 a mass migration of people by wagon train was headed for __________ in search of fertile soil and plentiful timber.

A)Oregon
B)Texas
C)California
D)Kansas
E)Iowa

Question 19

During his senatorial run against Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln stated his belief in racial equality.

Question 20

James Buchanan's great experience in public service helped him become one of the most successful presidents.

Question 21

President James K.Polk stated that the immediate cause of the Mexican-American War was

A)Mexico's invasion of American territory.
B)the issue of slavery.
C)rampant corruption in the Mexican government.
D)tariffs.
E)money owed to the United States by Mexico.

Question 22

Most miners arriving in California in search of gold intended to

A)build large homes on the coast once they struck it rich.
B)build large homes in the Hollywood Hills once they struck it rich.
C)strike it rich and return home.
D)strike it rich then bring their family out to join them.
E)start mining companies of their own.

Question 23

Just before the Mexican-American War, frontiersmen in California organized forces, encouraged American settlers to declare independence from Mexico, and formed the

A)Republic of Fredonia
B)Republic of California
C)Frémont Territory
D)Western Front
E)Golden Coast Territory

Question 24

After the end of the Mexican-American War, Senator John C.Calhoun of South Carolina made the claim that __________ protected the institution of slavery.

A)popular sovereignty
B)judicial review
C)the First Amendment
D)the Fifth Amendment
E)the Thirteenth Amendment

Question 25

As a result of the Mexican-American War, the United States acquired territory that would eventually become the states of

A)Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
B)California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
C)Washington and Oregon.
D)Coahuila and Tampico.
E)Texas and Arkansas.

Question 26

Which of the following was part of the Wilmot Proviso?

A)Annexing Texas as a free state
B)Banning "popular sovereignty" in the West
C)Abolishing slavery west of the Mississippi River
D)Allowing slavery in the southern regions of land acquired from Mexico
E)Banning slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico

Question 27

The final version of the Compromise of 1850 proposed to

A)abolish slavery west of the Mississippi River.
B)admit California as a free state.
C)admit New Mexico and Utah as slave states.
D)continue the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
E)stop federal intervention into slavery issues.

Question 28

When James K.Polk was the Democratic nominee for president in 1844 he firmly believed that

A)Texas should not be annexed.
B)manifest destiny was not good for the country in the long term.
C)the Oregon Country should be sold.
D)the United States should expand and become a global power.
E)the future of slavery needed to be addressed during his presidency.

Question 29

The __________ to California in 1849 resulted in the greatest mass migration in American history.

A)Chinese influx
B)Irish migration
C)Gold Rush
D)Mexican migration
E)Oil Gush

Question 30

Why did Polk persuade Congress to restore the Independent Treasury Act?

A)He hoped to give favored state banks exclusive management of government funds.
B)He sought to strengthen the economy by entirely replacing gold and silver with paper currency.
C)He planned to put large amounts of federal funds toward the infrastructure projects backed by the Whigs.
D)He intended to replace the Second National Bank with the Independent Treasury to offset the growth of unregulated state banks.
E)He thought the Treasury would help him to increase tariffs on imports and decrease foreign competition.

Question 31

The United States Army under Gen.Winfield Scott conquered __________ in September 1847.

A)Mexico City
B)Buena Vista
C)New Mexico
D)Sonoma
E)Tampico

Question 32

By 1830 the majority of the population living in Mexican Texas was

A)German.
B)Czech and Polish.
C)Hispanic.
D)Texian.
E)Tejano.

Question 33

Which of the following groups did the Free-Soil party attract?

A)Northern Republicans
B)Northern Democrats opposed to slavery
C)Unhappy southern Democrats
D)Pro-slavery Whigs
E)Mainstream Know-Nothings

Question 34

__________ was the notion that citizens of a territory should regulate their own internal affairs just like the citizens of a state.

A)Popular sovereignty
B)Slave codes
C)Black codes
D)Judicial review
E)Congressional oversight

Question 35

The greatest opposition to the Mexican-American War was in

A)the southern states.
B)Texas.
C)the Oregon Country.
D)New England.
E)Washington, D.C.

Question 36

At the time of the Mexican-American War, the U.S.military

A)was not well prepared for a major conflict.
B)had already secured the territory of Texas for the United States.
C)eventually recruited more than 500,000 troops.
D)kept its soldiers well supplied.
E)was known as a well-disciplined fighting force.

Question 37

The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War was the Treaty of

A)Paris.
B)Ghent.
C)San Jacinto.
D)Guadalupe Hidalgo.
E)Buena Vista.

Question 38

Which of the following led to the Texas War for Independence?

A)Texian revolutionaries sought to free all black slaves.
B)Santa Anna became a dictator, inspiring Texas colonists to revolt.
C)Texians accused Stephen Austin of "despotism" and threw him in jail.
D)The United States took control of Texas during the Mexican-American War.
E)Santa Anna failed to adhere to the treaty of San Jacinto.

Question 39

The Battle of the Alamo in Texas was a

A)victory for the United States.
B)victory for the Texians.
C)victory for Tejanos.
D)defeat for the Mexican army.
E)defeat for the Texians.

Question 40

Why did the annexation of Texas take place during neither Andrew Jackson's nor Martin van Buren's presidency?

A)The Lone Star Republic voted overwhelmingly against annexation by the United States.
B)Annexing Texas as a slave state would cause conflict between northern and southern Democrats.
C)Annexing Texas would improve relations between the United States and Mexico, thereby weakening American relations with Spain.
D)Jackson and van Buren were too focused on other more pressing issues, such as repealing the Independent Treasury Act.
E)The Lone Star Republic had expanded to the Pacific during this time and was invested in building its own infrastructure there.

Question 41

What two new parties filled the gap left by the demise of the Whig party in the 1850s?

A)The Free-Soil party and the Know-Nothings
B)The Know-Nothings and the American party
C)The American party and the Republicans
D)The Democrats and the Federalists
E)The Free-Soil party and the Democrats

Question 42

The first shots of the Civil War were fired at

A)Richmond, Virginia.
B)Fort Sumter.
C)Washington, D.C.
D)Charleston, South Carolina.
E)Atlanta.

Question 43

What did President James Buchanan do in response to the secession of South Carolina?

A)He acted decisively.
B)He tried to force South Carolina to rejoin the Union.
C)He protected federal military installations across the South.
D)He tried to compromise.
E)He claimed he lacked constitutional authority to act.

Question 44

Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?

A)John C.Calhoun
B)James Buchanan
C)Alexander H.Stephens
D)Jefferson Davis
E)David Wilmot

Question 45

What did the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott v.Sanford case do?

A)It made slaves citizens of the United States.
B)It allowed Dred Scott to remain a free man.
C)It upheld the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)It maintained that Dred Scott must remain a slave.
E)It settled the controversial issue of slavery in the western territories.

Question 46

How many southern states seceded before Lincoln even took office?

A)11
B)10
C)7
D)5
E)3

Question 47

What national political party split in the months prior to the presidential election of 1860?

A)Democrats
B)Republicans
C)Whigs
D)Know-Nothings
E)Free-Soil

Question 48

Which of the following statements about the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is accurate?

A)It made runaway slaves free.
B)It was supported by abolitionists.
C)It was used to recapture thousands of runaway slaves.
D)It was not controversial.
E)It required citizens to help locate and return runaway slaves.

Question 49

The Crittenden Compromise sought to

A)abolish slavery in the West.
B)convince the seceding states to rejoin the Union.
C)repeal the Missouri Compromise.
D)repeal the Compromise of 1850.
E)allow slavery to expand across the Southwest below the Missouri Compromise line.

Question 50

Who was the only elected president to be denied renomination by his own party?

A)James Buchanan
B)Franklin Pierce
C)James K.Polk
D)Millard Fillmore
E)Zachary Taylor

Question 51

In the 1850s, Abraham Lincoln's views on slavery included

A)nationwide abolition.
B)allowing slavery in the western territories.
C)"popular sovereignty."
D)prohibiting expansion westward.
E)abolition and equal rights for blacks.

Question 52

"Bleeding Kansas" was

A)a pro-slavery versus anti-slavery civil war in Kansas.
B)a minor event just prior to the Civil War.
C)a term referring to the large number of Kansans who fought in the Civil War.
D)a cause of the Mexican-American War.
E)the result of Ku Klux Klan violence.

Question 53

The first man to run for president under the banner of the new Republican party of the 1850s was

A)John C.Frémont.
B)James Buchanan.
C)Stephen Douglas.
D)Abraham Lincoln.
E)Franklin Pierce.

Question 54

John Brown's raid was

A)the only successful slave rebellion in U.S.history.
B)an attack on military forces in West Virginia.
C)an effort to confiscate slave owners' weapons.
D)the first battle of the Civil War.
E)an attempt to trigger a slave rebellion across the South.

Question 55

After Lincoln's thoughtful inaugural address in 1861, southerners

A)reconsidered whether secession was the right thing to do.
B)tried to have him impeached.
C)plotted to have him assassinated.
D)picketed outside the White House.
E)remained unimpressed.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about the Kansas-Nebraska Act is accurate?

A)It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
B)It made both Kansas and Nebraska free states.
C)It made both Kansas and Nebraska slave states.
D)It helped Stephen Douglas' political career.
E)It was a part of the Compromise of 1850.

Question 57

What did Abraham Lincoln do in his first inaugural address?

A)He promised to end slavery everywhere.
B)He promised to punish the South.
C)He made the declaration of war.
D)He declared secession illegal.
E)He promised to expand slavery.

Question 58

Which of the following statements correctly describes President James Buchanan?

A)He was an advocate of secession and Texas independence.
B)He was the first Republican president.
C)He did not want to make concessions to the South over secession issues.
D)He was willing to compromise with northern Republicans.
E)He was an advocate of states' rights and territorial expansion.

Question 59

Which of the following was the first southern state to secede from the Union?

A)Virginia
B)Texas
C)South Carolina
D)Alabama
E)Mississippi

Question 60

When he won the presidency, Abraham Lincoln carried __________ slave states in the Electoral College.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)5
E)7

Question 61

Explain the phrase manifest destiny.What factors were most important in drawing Americans to the West, both mentally and physically?

Question 62

Explain the issues that led to the Compromise of 1850, and describe how the Compromise was fashioned and passed.

Question 63

Describe the "politics of slavery" as it applied to westward expansion (e.g., Texas, Mexican territories acquired by war, Kansas-Nebraska Act issues, etc.).How could this be characterized as a cause of the Civil War?

Question 64

Explain the rise of the Republican party in the 1850s.What issues led to its development? Whom did it appeal to and why? Who opposed it and why? What factors helped the party win the presidency in 1860?

Question 65

Why did seven southern states secede from the Union before Abraham Lincoln even took office? Explain why those states had no desire to hear his "solutions" for the nation.