Deck 3: Socialization

Question 1

At the third level of moral development, young adults have a postconventional morality, which takes into account the importance of

A) societyʹs overall morality.
B) conflicting norms.
C) rewards and punishments.
D) doing what others do.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Children learn to manage emotions in at least three ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways?

A) learning how they should feel
B) learning to reward or punish an act through proper emotional responses
C) learning to produce or eliminate feels in themselves
D) learning how to express or conceal emotions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

ʺMommyʺ leaves the room and the child begins to cry, fearing that she no longer exists. In which of Jean Piagetʹs stages is such a situation most likely to occur?

A) preoperational stage
B) concrete operational stage
C) sensorimotor stage
D) formal operational stage

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To the sociologist, personality refers to

A) fairly stable patterns of thought, feeling, and action that are typical of a person.
B) sociability and the distinctive personality traits typical of an individual.
C) intelligence and problem-solving abilities.
D) self-image and self-evaluation.

Question 5

Children must be taught how to recognize love, anger, and happiness. The text calls this socialization.

A) cognitive
B) emotional
C) developmental
D) childhood

Question 6

Unlike Herrnstein and Murray, most social scientists consider intelligence to be

A) largely determined by heredity.
B) an unimportant aspect of human nature.
C) largely learned from the social environment.
D) determined about one-half from the social environment and one-half from heredity.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about socialization is true?

A) How you see yourself cannot affect your academic achievement; only brains and hard work can.
B) Despite being well fed, infants can become retarded and even die if deprived of human contact.
C) If working parents are more committed to their careers than parenting, they will fail to socialize their children adequately.
D) It is difficult to change an adultʹs personality because it has mostly been formed in childhood.

Question 8

The cases of children who were raised in extreme isolation demonstrate that

A) heredity largely determines human development.
B) normal human development requires continuing human interaction.
C) humans develop normally with only a little human interaction.
D) socialization is only partly responsible for human development.

Question 9

Socialization refers to

A) the fact that humans are social animals.
B) peoplesʹ ways of interacting.
C) the process of transmitting cultural values to members.
D) the process whereby biological forces lead us into adulthood.

Question 10

According to feminist theory, though the family is the major source of gender identity development, two other major influences include

A) grandparents and aunts.
B) peers and the mass media.
C) education and the mass media.
D) religion and education.

Question 11

Frank is a young boy whose parents surrounded him with books, challenging discussions, and ideas. Based on our understanding of socialization, Frank is probably

A) emotionally disturbed.
B) the same as other children.
C) far ahead of other children in the areas he has been trained in.
D) rebelling against his parentsʹ authority.

Question 12

Even though sociologists and feminists criticize Freudʹs theory of personality development, his work is sociologically significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) the parentʹs role in the childʹs personality development.
B) how childhood experiences impact the adult personality.
C) how the super ego reflects the norms and values of society.
D) identifying unconscious motivations of specific behaviors.

Question 13

Freudʹs term for the part of personality that is irrational, concerned only with seeking pleasure.

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Intelligence

Question 14

Unlike animals, socialization is both necessary and possible for humans because

A) they lack externalization.
B) they lack instincts.
C) they lack civilization.
D) they need resocialization.

Question 15

If a child learns to associate emotions with the proper experiences, he or she will have acquired

A) emotional variety.
B) anger but not love.
C) emotional and mental problems.
D) emotional logic.

Question 16

Many people who have become geniuses

A) overcame poverty and harsh environments.
B) were deliberately subjected to very stimulating environments.
C) were motivated to overcome abusive treatment by their parents.
D) had rigorous musical training.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the nature/nurture debate would the textʹs author see as the most accurate?

A) While nature sets limits, socialization plays a very large role in determining who we are.
B) Human behavior cannot be explained in the same terms used to explain animal behavior.
C) Nature sets limits on development that socialization can hardly influence.
D) Neither nature nor nurture play much of a role in determining who we are.

Question 18

At the premoral stage of development, Lawrence Kohlberg argues that right and wrong are defined

A) by law.
B) by instinct.
C) on the basis of principles taught at school.
D) on the basis of an immediate reward or punishment for the act.

Question 19

Jean Piagetʹs theory of cognitive development argues that

A) human beings are born with minds that are ʺclean slates.ʺ
B) the human mind has an inherent structure that determines what can be learned.
C) there is no limit to what or when a human being can learn.
D) development must occur before the age of five to ensure a childʹs proper socialization.

Question 20

Gender roles and social class have a strong influence on

A) rational socialization.
B) operational thinking.
C) normal behavior.
D) emotional socialization.

Question 21

Schools are expected to teach young children to

A) be unique individuals.
B) conform to the groupʹs values and expectations.
C) think independently and pursue self-interests.
D) behave in impersonal ways.

Question 22

According to Mead, children develop their self concept in three stages, , play and playing the roles of the generalized other.

A) looking-glass self
B) sensorimotor stage
C) staging
D) imitation

Question 23

Which of the following socialization processes is typical of Western societies but not others?

A) Young children are supposed to play.
B) The daily care and long-term upbringing of children are often left entirely to parents alone.
C) Parents start socializing their children to be self-reliant at an extremely young age.
D) Children are assumed to be innately good and therefore are given much freedom to do what they want.

Question 24

How children of minorities are socialized will have an impact on American society in the future because

A) the minority population is becoming dominant.
B) the nonminority population is dominant.
C) the minority population has more impact on American society than nonminorities.
D) the minority population does not socialize their children.

Question 25

John and Judy both have important jobs. Based on research, they are

A) probably somewhat inadequate parents.
B) more likely to promote mature behavior and understanding in their children.
C) no better nor worse than other parents.
D) more likely to produce an exceptionally bright child.

Question 26

According to George Herbert Mead, when children learn to internalize the values of society as a whole, they take on the role of the

A) specific other.
B) significant other.
C) generalized other.
D) socialized other.

Question 27

For Cooley, the process whereby our self-image develops from the ways others treat us is called the process.

A) role-taking
B) looking-glass
C) preconventional
D) internalization

Question 28

An extensive network of relatives who participate in child care and the supervision of children, and viewing cousins as siblings are typical of families.

A) U.S.
B) African American
C) Native American
D) Asian American

Question 29

Teenage peer groups can provide

A) opportunities for teens to experiment for adulthood.
B) financial rewards.
C) entertainment during spare time.
D) advice on occupational matters.

Question 30

To functionalists, the most important function socialization serves for society is

A) ensuring order.
B) making people happier.
C) promoting family values.
D) creating jobs for teachers and day care workers.

Question 31

Bobby receives good grades in school, is outgoing and participates in several extra -curricular activities. Cooley would suggest that Bobby

A) has a good self-image.
B) has a poor self-image.
C) is a popular student.
D) is probably well-organized.

Question 32

John received a work promotion that will permit him more autonomy than his previous position. Sociologists see these new responsibilities as part of Johnʹs

A) resocialization.
B) developmental socialization.
C) aging socialization.
D) reverse socialization.

Question 33

The most important agency of socialization in all societies is

A) the school.
B) television.
C) the family.
D) peer groups.

Question 34

Arthur is playing with his toys and is pretending that he is his father. According to George Herbert Mead, by seeing himself from his fatherʹs point of view, Arthur is

A) internalizing his fatherʹs values and attitudes.
B) developing an Oedipus Rex complex.
C) learning to reject his parentsʹ life style.
D) learning how to play more complex games.

Question 35

Viewed from the conflict perspective, socialization can be harmful to children because

A) too much power is placed in the hands of parents.
B) children are given too much power to make decisions in the home.
C) parents usually economically exploit their children.
D) socialization serves so many economic functions.

Question 36

In a study of three significantly different cultures, researchers found some similarities in how mothers respond to their 5-month-olds. Such uniformities suggest that

A) children have a special need for order.
B) biological factors influence socialization.
C) the mediaʹs influence on socialization has become global.
D) few mothers know how to bring up children.

Question 37

All of the following statements are borne out by research on families as socializing agents, EXCEPT that

A) the social class of a family affects the socialization process.
B) families that are abusive usually produce well-behaved children.
C) middle income parents are likely to teach children the value of independence.
D) lower income parents tend to train children to respect and obey parental authority.

Question 38

Joe attends college and learns skills and attitudes that will help him in his career. This is an example of what type of adult socialization?

A) resocialization
B) primary socialization
C) reverse socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 39

Asian American parents socialize their children for all of the following EXCEPT

A) strong family ties.
B) to care for parents in their old age.
C) to be aggressive and independent.
D) to appreciate the value of conformity.

Question 40

The use of the Internet can provide both positive and negative experiences for children. The author of the text labelʹs todayʹs computer using children

A) the ʺmeʺ generation.
B) the computer generation.
C) the technical generation.
D) the wired, digital generation.

Question 41

Meadʹs term for people who have close ties to a child and exert a strong influence on the child.

A) significant other
B) Id
C) ego
D) superego

Question 42

A group whose members are about the same age and have similar interests is called a n)

A) peer group
B) in-group
C) out-group
D) close group

Question 43

Freudʹs term for the part of the personality that is rational, dealing with the world logically and realistically.

A) Ego
B) Id
C) Superego
D) Intelligence

Question 44

Brainwashing is an example of

A) resocialization.
B) developmental socialization.
C) anticipatory socialization.
D) reverse socialization.

Question 45

According to Eric Eriksonʹs adult life cycle, the conflict between finding love, or intimacy and a successful career would be found in

A) adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) late adulthood.

Question 46

Compared with traditional societies, which of the following statements accurately describes the elderly in modern societies?

A) The elderly enjoy greater respect.
B) The elderly experience less respect.
C) Fewer elderly people live alone.
D) Most elderly people remarry.

Question 47

Anticipatory socialization is the process by which an individual learns to assume a role in the future.

Question 48

Intelligence is the capacity for mental or intellectual achievement.

Question 49

Jean Piaget described seven stages of cognitive development that each child goes through.

Question 50

Preconventional morality is Kohlbergʹs term for the practice of judging actions by taking into account the importance of conflicting norms.

Question 51

To be a genius, you must be born one.

Question 52

If a person is totally cut off from the larger society and his or her other activity is controlled by administrative officials, he or she is in a

A) hospice.
B) hospital.
C) Japanese business organization.
D) total institution.

Question 53

All of the following are reasons why persons in modern societies have difficulties accepting death, EXCEPT that

A) most deaths we witness occur at home.
B) most deaths we witness occur in hospitals.
C) frequent images of death on television may distance us from grieving.
D) our culture has not taught us that death is natural or unavoidable.

Question 54

Sociologists suggest that people do appear to inherit

A) intelligence.
B) personality.
C) temperament.
D) instincts.

Question 55

Piaget suggested that virtually all children go through the same sequence of mental development.

Question 56

Social groupʺPʺ is a group whose members are about the same age and have similar interests.

Question 57

Ericksonʹs theory of development is significant to sociology because

A) it affirms Freudʹs developmental theory.
B) it ignores the differences between men and women.
C) it emphasizes societyʹs influence on personality development.
D) it emphasizes intimacy and isolation.

Question 58

Intelligence is either inherited or learned.

Question 59

Superego is Freudʹs term for the part of the personality that is moral; popularly known as conscience.

Question 60

Socialization is the process by which people are forced to abandon their old selves and to develop new ones.

Question 61

According to , children develop their self concept in three stages.

Question 62

As children grow older, they become increasingly involved with their group, a group whose members are about the same age and have similar interests.

Question 63

According to the perspective, socialization serves a number of functions for society.

Question 64

According to the perspective, some aspects of socialization are harmful to children.

Question 65

Children of parents are traditionally socialized through an extensive network of relatives.

Question 66

is Cooleyʹs term for the self-image that we develop from the way others treat us.

Question 67

According to the conflict perspective, we become who we are by interacting with our parents and other adults.

Question 68

George Herbert Mead emphasized role-taking, by which children internalize the values and attitudes of significant others.

Question 69

A fairly stable configuration of feelings, attitudes, ideas and behaviors that characterizes an individual is the definition of .

Question 70

is defined as peopleʹs image of what they are socially expected to be and do on the basis of their sex.

Question 71

is the process by which an individual leans to assume a role in the future.

Question 72

The id is Freudʹs term for the part of the personality that is irrational, concerned only with seeking pleasure.

Question 73

Rebecca was dissatisfied with her life. She joined a religious sect in order to replace her old self with something new. She is experiencing .

Question 74

morality was Kohlbergʹs term for the practice of judging actions by taking into account the importance of conflicting norms.

Question 75

is the capacity for developing physical or social skills.

Question 76

is the part of the personality that is rational Freud)

Question 77

Resocialization is the process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members.

Question 78

Parents in families try to cultivate a strong sense of acceptance and security in their young children by indulging them, letting them have practically anything they want and letting them behave and misbehave in any way they want.

Question 79

Like children, adults go through , the process by which people learn to be more competent in playing their currently assumed role.

Question 80

Like Native Americans, African Americans generally have strong kinship bonds.