Deck 9: Gender and Age

Question 1

Gender differences associated with intimacy may explain why young women and not young men

A) watch male-oriented police shows.
B) are more direct and confrontational.
C) do not have life-long friendships.
D) have childhood friendships that endure well into adulthood.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Conditioning and imitation are two ways that children

A) undergo biological changes that party shape gender role identity.
B) develop gender role identity.
C) develop a stable gender identity.
D) identify with the same sex parent.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following groups of women are most likely to reject traditional gender roles in America today?

A) lower class women
B) married women with children
C) middle class women
D) women who are well-educated and employed in high-paying jobs

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to research, many of the sexual differences found in early childhood, such as boysʹ superiority in math, are due to

A) chance.
B) differences in biological abilities.
C) socialization and culture.
D) hormonal differences.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is NOT a difference in brain structure and hormonal production that may have contributed to some behavior differences between the sexes?

A) Female babies are more sensitive than males to certain sounds.
B) Female babies are more easily socialized into an appropriate gender role.
C) Female infants talk sooner and have larger vocabularies.
D) Females are six times more likely than men to sing in tune.

Question 6

According to cognitive development theory, gender is the cause rather than the product of gender-role learning.

A) identification
B) imitation
C) reinforcement
D) interaction

Question 7

In general, cross-cultural studies show that

A) men need privacy more than women.
B) the definition of how each sex should act is universal.
C) menʹs work is more highly valued than womenʹs work.
D) menʹs work may be more physical, but is not valued more than womenʹs work.

Question 8

Patterns of attitudes and behavior that a society expects of its members because of their being female or male are called

A) sex roles.
B) gender roles.
C) social roles.
D) masculinity and femininity.

Question 9

During a conversation, men are more likely to initiate the talk. This fact and others show that traditional gender role behavior

A) has not changed.
B) has significantly changed.
C) has changed but attitudes have not.
D) men are more likely to worry about their appearance.

Question 10

A more subtle example of gender-role differences occurs in the public school system where

A) men generally hold positions of authority and women are in subservience positions.
B) teachers are in charge of the classroom.
C) women are in authoritative positions.
D) men are in subservience positions.

Question 11

Cross-cultural studies concerning gender roles suggest that

A) women are politically dominant in all societies.
B) gender roles are somewhat flexible from society to society.
C) women are viewed as delicate in all societies.
D) a division of labor between the sexes is found only in the U.S.

Question 12

It can be safely said that

A) nature makes men and women different, with females being inferior.
B) nature accounts only for physical differences between men and women.
C) biological differences vary from person to person and have nothing to do with gender.
D) superiority is generally linked to being male.

Question 13

Parents usually interact with babies

A) in much the same way regardless of the babyʹs gender.
B) according to the gender of the baby.
C) according to the size of the baby.
D) according to the preferences of the baby.

Question 14

The most pervasive source of gender stereotyping is

A) the mass media.
B) the family.
C) school.
D) peers.

Question 15

Stereotypes of women as being weak and passive stem from a society.

A) matriarchal
B) patriarchal
C) equalitarian
D) biological

Question 16

Which of the following statements are women are true?

A) The gender experiences of women around the world are similar.
B) Women around the world have less skills than men.
C) Sexism is found only in the U.S.
D) Women in other countries receive higher pay than women in the U.S.

Question 17

Today, the mass media are more likely to present women as more than twenty years ago.

A) traditional and downtrodden
B) successful and independent
C) radical and feminist
D) more focused on appearance than accomplishment

Question 18

Why have psychologists focused on babies rather than adults in their efforts to find out whether any personality differences between the sexes are inborn?

A) Babies are much easier to study.
B) Sex differences in personality are learned in the first few weeks of life.
C) The earlier any differences appear, the more likely they are to be inborn.
D) Babies have not yet learned to use language.

Question 19

If both parents use more words about feelings and emotions with girls than with boys they are involved in

A) proper gender role socialization.
B) consciously attempting to socialize their daughter into a modern female gender role.
C) unconsciously attempting to embarrass the son for mistreating his sister.
D) allowing their children to pick up gender cues.

Question 20

The basic division of labor underlying traditional gender roles in the United States has been accompanied by many popular

A) media programs.
B) movements to change gender roles.
C) stereotypes of what women and men are supposed to be.
D) support for traditional patterns.

Question 21

According to Naomi Wolf, the reason why women have not recognized their power as a majority of the voting population is

A) a strong dislike for men.
B) a preoccupation with care of children and economic survival.
C) a lack of unity regarding the role of women.
D) the actions of men discouraging or prohibiting women from participating in politics.

Question 22

In the U.S., violence against wives stems from

A) the fact that wives are not interested in sex.
B) the fact that women are too independent.
C) the matriarchal nature of the society.
D) the patriarchal nature of the society.

Question 23

Sexism is a set of beliefs that is found

A) primarily in non-Christian religions of the world.
B) primarily among Christians of the world.
C) in none of the major religions of the world.
D) in all the major religions of the world.

Question 24

Managers and executives in countries such as Asia, the Middle East, or Mexico are more likely to treat women employees

A) as subordinates to men employees.
B) as equally as they treat men employees.
C) as unequal to men employees.
D) as professionals.

Question 25

Which of the following definitions of sexual harassment was accepted by the Supreme Court in 1993?

A) any sexual conduct leading to severe psychological injury
B) any conduct that involves actual sexual contact in the workplace
C) casual lewd remarks
D) any conduct that makes the workplace environment hostile or abusive

Question 26

Which statement is TRUE about the role of women today in the work force?

A) Women are economically equal to men.
B) Women are still far from economically equal to men.
C) Fewer women now participate in the work force.
D) Women dominate several levels of the work force.

Question 27

According to symbolic interactionists, interaction between the sexes

A) is rich in gender cues.
B) is the ultimate weapon women have over men.
C) reflects as well as reinforces gender inequality.
D) rarely shows much gender inequality.

Question 28

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the revival of the Womenʹs Movement during the 1960s?

A) the increase in the number of women seeking a college education
B) dissatisfaction with the status and pay of jobs held by women
C) other political movements of the 1960s, such as Civil Rights
D) a growing effort by men to oppose women during the 1960s

Question 29

According to conflict theory, if women gain in terms of wealth and income relative to men, what can be expected to happen?

A) Inequalities between the sexes will lessen.
B) Inequalities between the sexes will increase.
C) Women will take on instrumental roles, while men will take on expressive roles.
D) women will gain dominance throughout the social system.

Question 30

Sexual harassment is

A) actual rape.
B) an expression of power involving a more powerful person victimizing a less powerful one.
C) men flirting with women.
D) an unwanted sexual remark by either a man or a woman.

Question 31

Which of the following represents the ʺthird waveʺ of feminism?

A) a concern with the Equal Rights Amendment
B) securing basic political rights
C) welcoming men to join women in addressing problems that affect both sexes
D) a growing dislike of and alienation from men

Question 32

Studies have consistently shown that compared to their male colleagues, female academics experience all of the following EXCEPT

A) are more concentrated in the lower ranks.
B) are paid substantially less.
C) are more likely to be tenured.
D) are less likely to be promoted.

Question 33

Mollie wanted to enter a political race against a man. Which of the following statements by her opponent is most likely based on sexism?

A) All women politicians are skillful and ethical.
B) Her long hours of campaigning show her to be a neglectful wife and mother.
C) Her emphasis on day care programs shows that she is a one -issue candidate.
D) Both men and women should push for the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 34

ʺWomen are inferior to men in many ways. That is why men are more successful than women.ʺ This statement reflects

A) a functionalist perspective.
B) sexism.
C) interactionist theory.
D) conflict theory.

Question 35

Which of the following practices of contemporary religious organization does NOT reflect a policy of sexism?

A) the career opportunities of women ministers
B) salaries
C) the revision in the sacred texts
D) the ordination of women as ministers

Question 36

An indirect way sexism may foster inequality is by

A) taking the active form of discrimination.
B) teaching women to lower their expectations.
C) shaping how the law is enforced.
D) paying men more than women.

Question 37

According to the functional perspective,

A) men perform the most important functions in all societies.
B) families break down as men and women become more equal.
C) women have low status because they have been exploited by powerful men.
D) women are best suited to play the familyʹs expressive role.

Question 38

Policies that mandate paying women the same as men for doing equally demanding work is called

A) equality policies.
B) female work policies.
C) differential worth policies.
D) comparable worth policies.

Question 39

Mental health professionals demonstrate sexist beliefs when they assume that

A) healthy men and women will act in the same way.
B) mental health for men is different from that of women.
C) healthy men are not adventurous and easily excitable.
D) healthy men are unconcerned with they physical appearance.

Question 40

Many graduate and professional schools did not admit women as students until

A) the early 1960s.
B) the 1940s.
C) the 1980s.
D) the 1900s.

Question 41

Which of the following kinds of intelligence continues to grow with age?

A) crystalline intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) IQ
D) innate intelligence

Question 42

WITCH stands for Womenʹs International Town Conspiracy from Hell.

Question 43

According to the text, more and more U.S. women have assumed political leadership, but they still have a long way to go.

Question 44

Several companies have introduced products targeted specifically for the elderly. These products failed to be accepted by the elderly mainly because

A) U.S. society emphasizes youthfulness.
B) the elderly just didnʹt like the products.
C) the companies didnʹt market the products appropriately.
D) U.S. society demands products that are not age specific.

Question 45

As a group, women are more emotional than men in every way.

Question 46

Social forces such as gender and race

A) can help the elderly live better lives.
B) have little impact on the health of the elderly.
C) can aggravate the impact of chronic problems of the elderly.
D) help produce more resources to improve the health of the elderly.

Question 47

Women receive lower pay than men simply because their jobs typically require fewer skills and less training.

Question 48

are the poorest and least likely to have access to social and government services.

A) Native Americans
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) European Americans

Question 49

Social factors that may contribute to the aging process include all of the following EXCEPT

A) life style activities.
B) level of education.
C) hereditary genes.
D) isolation.

Question 50

Some sociologists believe that the elderly should be considered a minority group because

A) they make up a small proportion of the population.
B) they all face similar problems economically, socially, and psychologically.
C) age is an achieved status.
D) like other minority groups, they face prejudice and discrimination.

Question 51

The physical process of aging is called

A) senility.
B) age norming.
C) genderification.
D) senescence.

Question 52

There are limits to the biological constraints on gender roles.

Question 53

Prejudice against older people is expressed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) mandatory retirement laws.
B) substandard nursing homes.
C) exclusion from politics.
D) abuse by family and others.

Question 54

Older people continue to enjoy high status in Japan because

A) Japan has an egalitarian social structure.
B) Japan is not as modernized as other societies.
C) tradition requires Japanese children to repay their parents for bringing them up.
D) individualism is an extremely important Japanese cultural value.

Question 55

SCUM stands for the Society for Cutting Men.

Question 56

A role that requires taking care of personal relationships is called .

A) roleless role
B) instrumental role
C) expressive role
D) senescence

Question 57

Discrimination against women is a universal problem.

Question 58

As a highly democratic society, the United States has proportionately more female political leaders than other nations.

Question 59

The media are pervasive sources of gender -role socialization.

Question 60

According to the text, since laws were passed to prohibit sex discrimination in employment more than 40 years ago, women have made certain gains in the workplace.

Question 61

argue that gender inequality arouse because men were able to exploit women.

Question 62

roles are patterns of attitude and behavior that a society expects of their members because they are female or male.

Question 63

According to , it is functional for society to assign different tasks to men and women.

Question 64

refers to the physical process of aging.

Question 65

Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspective on gender roles.

Question 66

The basic divisions of labor in society has been influenced by gender stereotypes about how men and women should behave and therefore what work they are best suited to do.

Question 67

There are various instances of violence against women. The most widely known is .

Question 68

refers to prejudice and discrimination based on a personʹs gender.

Question 69

According to the text, the percentage women soldiers with PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder) is twice as high as men.

Question 70

An unwelcome act of a sexual nature is called sexual .

Question 71

is the belief that women and men should be equal in various aspects of their lives.

Question 72

Boys are born to be more proficient in math than girls.

Question 73

, and found that teenage boys are just as sensitive and romantic as teenage girls.

Question 74

According to the conflict perspective, interaction between the sexes often sustains or reinforces gender inequality.

Question 75

is an abnormal condition characterized by serious memory los, confusion, and loss of the ability to reason.

Question 76

is a role that requires taking care of personal relationships.

Question 77

also involves sexual abuses against women, of which the most common is sexual harassment.

Question 78

According to the text, feminists or womenʹs movement can be divided historically into five waves.

Question 79

What makes one person female and another person male has to do with their , the materials in a cell that transmit hereditary traits to the carrier from the carrierʹs parents.

Question 80

is wisdom and insight into the human condition, as shown by oneʹs skills in language, philosophy, music, or painting.