Deck 14: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

Question 1

The three basic processes of concern to demographers are ______.

A) fertility, health, and income
B) fertility, mortality, and migration
C) childbirth rates, population size, and region
D) fertility, morbidity, and average life expectancy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The area between Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, DC, in the United States is classified as a ______.

A) metropolis
B) megalopolis
C) gated community
D) suburb

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Projections are that the global population will reach ______ billion by 2050.

A) 3.1
B) 8.2
C) 9.4
D) 12.7

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Mary lives in a community where there are guards and surveillance cameras in every corner of the development. She moved here, away from the city, to escape the crime problem. Mary lives in a ______ community.

A) barrier
B) gated
C) secure
D) locked

Question 5

What would be considered a pull factor as it relates to migration?

A) desire of the migrants for a better life
B) problems in the home country
C) major disruptions such as war in the home country
D) favorable immigration policy in the new country

Question 6

Joe runs away from his home country of Afghanistan to escape religious persecution. He is an example of a(n) ______.

A) asylum seeker
B) refugee
C) migrant
D) vagrant

Question 7

Suburban areas continue to push outward to encompass land and housing that is cheaper. These outlying areas are called ______.

A) the enterprise zone
B) concentric zones
C) subrural
D) exurbia

Question 8

The baby boom took place between ______.

A) 1930 and 1947
B) 1960 and 1975
C) 1946 and 1960
D) 1922 and 1930

Question 9

The recent slowdown in population growth is ______.

A) exactly as predicted
B) a dramatic reduction from prior estimates
C) like the growth rate just after World War II
D) a correction that makes population growth no longer a problem

Question 10

We reached a global population of 1 billion in the early ______.

A) 1700s
B) 1800s
C) 1910s
D) 1930s

Question 11

Which one of the following is a factor in the decline of mortality rates in certain countries?

A) weaker norms regarding losing weight and stopping smoking
B) a decrease in the standards of living
C) better public health
D) the government's inability to control certain diseases like malaria

Question 12

Joe lives in a ______, which is situated about 5 miles outside the city of Philadelphia.

A) suburb
B) megalopolis
C) metropolis
D) mega region

Question 13

______ is the scientific study of population, especially its growth, decline, as well as the movement of people.

A) Geography
B) Demography
C) Sociology
D) Ethnography

Question 14

The ______ refers to the number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year.

A) child ratio
B) birthrate
C) lifespan
D) fertility rate

Question 15

The U.S. government labels a city of 50,000 residents or greater a(n) ______.

A) suburbanized area
B) rural area
C) urban area
D) geographic area

Question 16

Globally, fertility rates are ______.

A) dropping
B) increasing
C) at an equilibrium
D) so low that they have been lowering the size of the global population for the past 5 years

Question 17

John studies the fertility and migration trends of countries around the world. John would be classified as a(n) ______.

A) environmentalist
B) geographer
C) demographer
D) philosopher

Question 18

More than ______ new cases of cancer per year in the United States can be traced back to obesity.

A) 30,000
B) 100,000
C) 20,000
D) 40,000

Question 19

Migrants who are forced to leave their homeland, or leave involuntarily due to fear for safety, are called ______.

A) undocumented migrants
B) refugees
C) crisis migrants
D) temporary migrants

Question 20

It is estimated that ______percent of Mexico's population lives in the United States.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 9
D) 14

Question 21

In recent years, the central role of cities in consumption has been ______.

A) expanded into more cities worldwide
B) intensified
C) reduced due to internet use and suburban malls
D) supplemented by many more types of consumer services

Question 22

A ______ may assert that pollution brings with it high profits and pay for those who adversely affect the environment.

A) rational choice theorist
B) conflict theorist
C) functionalist
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 23

In 2016, there were ______ megacities around the world.

A) 5
B) 11
C) 21
D) 31

Question 24

During the process of gentrification, who is often forced out of the blighted areas to make way for new housing?

A) the middle classes
B) the upper classes
C) the capitalist classes
D) the working classes

Question 25

Many global environmental problems, especially global warming, are traceable to ______.

A) communistic global development
B) socialistic global development
C) capitalist global development
D) all twentieth-century economic systems

Question 26

A(n) ______ is a city with a population greater than 10 million.

A) metropolis
B) megacity
C) edge city
D) cosmocity

Question 27

______ refers to areas where land and housing costs are lower, and at their outer edges they blend into the rural countryside and agricultural areas.

A) Exurbia
B) Suburbia
C) Urban areas
D) Gated communities

Question 28

These cities, made possible by new electronic technologies, are key locations for industries and marketplaces, and centers of production and innovation.

A) edge cities
B) global cities
C) megalopolises
D) metropolises

Question 29

______ involves economic and environmental changes that meet the needs of the present, especially of the world's poor, without jeopardizing the needs of the future.

A) Environmental development
B) Economical development
C) Organic development
D) Sustainable development

Question 30

Which one of the following describes the fact that capitalism requires constant productive growth?

A) sustainable development
B) treadmill of production
C) gentrification
D) McDonaldization

Question 31

There is depletion of ______ in the Earth's polar regions.

A) greenhouse gases
B) air quality
C) the ozone layer
D) the sea level

Question 32

Which one of the following is NOT a dimension regarding the relationship between globalization and sustainability?

A) medical
B) technology
C) economic
D) politics

Question 33

The most notable deforestation in the world is taking place in ______.

A) the parks in North America
B) the forests in Europe
C) the villages of Southeast Asia
D) the Amazon rain forest

Question 34

Which one of the following best characterizes the world city?

A) They are centers of communities of immigrants who interact with family and friends in their homeland.
B) They are planned communities built around major international airports and shopping centers.
C) They are found at the outermost rings surrounding large cities.
D) They are built near major highways and corporate offices.

Question 35

The United States typically uses ______ nations as supply deports for natural resources.

A) sustainable
B) equally developed
C) less developed
D) more developed

Question 36

______ is the decline in the water supply because of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation.

A) Deforestation
B) Desertification
C) Environmentalism
D) Decentralization

Question 37

Last year, the Smith family visited Orlando, Florida, for their summer vacation. Orlando, home to Disney World, places great emphasis on spectacle. It can be classified as a(n) ______ city.

A) world
B) edge
C) fantasy
D) global

Question 38

When real estate capital is reinvested in inner-city areas to create a new infrastructure for the well-to-do, this is referred to as ______.

A) enterprise zoning
B) restoration
C) gentrification
D) redlining

Question 39

Today, there are many areas that are located near major highways that contain shopping centers and many restaurants and surround large cities. These areas are often referred to as ______.

A) metropolises
B) suburbanized centers
C) exurbias
D) edge cities

Question 40

______ is the study on poisons and insecticides that heavily influenced the awareness of environmental problems in the United States during the 1960s.

A) Silent Spring
B) Hot Planet
C) Environmental Crisis
D) New Spring

Question 41

Which of the following are factors that relate to the fertility rate?

A) the environmental makeup of a certain country
B) the age of the women in a geographic area
C) the lack of knowledge as it pertains to sexual behaviors
D) the number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year

Question 42

By 2100, there will be as many as 12.3 billion people in the world.

Question 43

According to the text, dumping herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers into oceans is referred to as ______.

A) marine pollution
B) water inequality
C) water pollution
D) geo-inequality

Question 44

Demography is the scientific study of population, especially its growth and decline, as well as the movement of people.

Question 45

Economically, immigration has had a negative effect on the economy of the United States, as well as on the economy of other developed nations.

Question 46

Chicago is an example of a metropolis.

Question 47

Urbanism is the way of life that emerges in urban areas; urbanization is the process of increasing density in a populated urban area.

Question 48

In the United States, an area must have more than 50,000 inhabitants to be considered urban.

Question 49

The U.S. teenage birthrate has been increasing for the past 5 years.

Question 50

Which of the following are water-related environmental concerns?

A) geoengineering
B) marine pollution
C) flooding
D) increasing scarcity of water

Question 51

Fantasy cities are developments at the outermost ring surrounding large cities that resemble cities rather than suburbs.

Question 52

Which of the following are characteristics of a global city?

A) They are the homes of new financial, legal, and accountancy products.
B) They are the key locations for lending industries and marketplaces.
C) They are the setting from which businesses and organizations exercise global command and control.
D) They are located in the United States and Europe.

Question 53

By 2050, Japan's population is projected to decline from 127.7 million to 100.6 million.

Question 54

According to projections, 30 percent of the world's population will live in urban areas.

Question 55

Which of these are problems faced by global and world cities?

A) They are targets of major terrorist attacks.
B) They are destinations for large numbers of documented and undocumented immigrants.
C) They are less environmentally efficient.
D) They are the sites where those affected by global health problems end up.

Question 56

Which of the following are considered types of undocumented immigrants?

A) Frank, who enters the United States legally but then stays beyond the period permitted by his visa
B) Mary, who tries to gain entry without passing through a checkpoint
C) John, who tries to immigrate to the United States but has fake documents
D) Luisa, who is born in a U.S. hospital but whose parents are not U.S. citizens

Question 57

A "financial time bomb" is a beneficial side effect of population booms.

Question 58

The early suburbs were primarily residential bedroom communities for those who worked, shopped, and enjoyed leisure activities in the city.

Question 59

Humans are beginning to exceed the ______ of the Earth.

A) fuel capacity
B) electronic capacity
C) carrying capacity
D) supply capacity

Question 60

Which of the following are consequences of global warming?

A) decreased sea levels
B) increased intense heat waves
C) increased severe storms
D) increased waterborne diseases with higher temperatures

Question 61

The treadmill of production occurs in capitalist economies and depends on continuous growth in the economy and in production.

Question 62

Deaths from ozone pollution could increase by 5 percent by 2050.

Question 63

Imagine you are managing a Twitter account for an organization aimed at drawing awareness to the effects of global warming. What types of posts would you make? Who would your target audience be? Is social media effective for raising awareness?

Question 64

Discuss the concepts of urbanization and suburbanization. Select two types of specific urban or suburban types described in the text and explain them with examples. Which type of area--urban or suburban--is growing, and by what measure?

Question 65

An early twenty-first-century study concluded that industrial fishing increased swordfish, tuna, and marlin populations.

Question 66

Lagos, Nigeria, is the fastest-growing megacity in the world.

Question 67

In what ways are fertility rates affected by economic and social factors?

Question 68

The earliest work on globalization tended to focus on the natural environment.

Question 69

Desertification refers to the decline in the water supply because of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation.

Question 70

Discuss the four stages of the demographic transition theory.

Question 71

Describe two reasons why people migrate and include one push and one pull factor. Describe the regulation of borders that they might encounter. Address two moral arguments for not regulating migration.

Question 72

World cities are more technologically advanced than global cities.

Question 73

Discuss any two environmental problems and the negative consequences associated with each of these problems. Name one type of global response to environmental problems and provide an example.

Question 74

What is a "smart city"? Provide examples of the services smart cities can provide.

Question 75

Describe how macro and micro factors play a role in mortality and life expectancy.

Question 76

Define demography. What three processes of population change are basic to the work of demographers and what are the measure for each?

Question 77

Many global environmental problems are traceable to communistic economic development.

Question 78

What are three things that you think the United States can do to reduce environmental degradation? Using a conflict perspective, why isn't the United States doing more?