Deck 2: The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

Question 1

The common transport form of sugar in plants is ______ and in animals is ______.

A)sucrose; glucose
B)glucose; sucrose
C)starch; sucrose
D)maltose; lactose
E)fructose; maltose

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ is composed of two sugar subunits linked covalently.

A)Cellulose
B)Fructose
C)Ribose
D)Glucose
E)Sucrose

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The principal component of the cell walls of fungi is:

A)cellulose.
B)chitin.
C)starch.
D)protein.
E)phospholipid.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The main function of cutin and suberin is to:

A)serve as structural components of cellular membranes.
B)prevent water loss.
C)catalyze chemical reactions.
D)provide strength to the cell wall.
E)serve as hormones.

Question 5

Which stabilize the cell wall by forming hydrogen bonds with it?

A)pectins
B)starches
C)chitins
D)lipids
E)hemicelluloses

Question 6

Which of the following consists of beta-glucose subunits?

A)amylose
B)amylopectin
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen

Question 7

The monomer of ___________ is N-acetylglucoseamine.

A)microfibrils
B)enzymes
C)storage polysaccharides
D)chitin
E)fats

Question 8

The principal polysaccharide in the plant cell wall is:

A)starch.
B)fructan.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)sucrose.

Question 9

_________ is a monosaccharide, and ______________ is a disaccharide.

A)Fructose; lactose
B)Maltose; ribose
C)Cellulose; sucrose
D)Sucrose; glucose
E)Maltose; lactose

Question 10

Which are examples of triglycerides?

A)oils and fats
B)fats and steroids
C)oils and starches
D)starches and proteins
E)proteins and fats

Question 11

When an oil undergoes hydrolysis, the products are:

A)1 amino acid and 3 glycerols
B)many glucose monomers
C)1 fatty acid and 3 glycerols
D)1 sucrose and 3 fatty acids
E)1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 12

What is the most abundant organic compound known?

A)cellulose
B)sucrose
C)DNA
D)phospholipid
E)starch

Question 13

Which comprise most of the middle lamella?

A)hemicelluloses
B)pectins
C)lipids
D)chitins
E)starches

Question 14

A fat differs from a phospholipid in that a fat contains:

A)a phosphate group
B)1 glycerol
C)3 fatty acids
D)a steroid
E)a wax

Question 15

Who am I? I give cell walls a lamellar appearance?

A)phospholipid
B)cutin
C)suberin
D)wax
E)lignin

Question 16

The most abundant organic molecules in nature are:

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.
E)water molecules.

Question 17

The matrix of the plant cell wall contains:

A)microfibrils and pectins.
B)pectins and hemicelluloses.
C)hemicelluloses and oligosaccharins.
D)cellulose and chitin.
E)chitin and glycogen.

Question 18

The formation of ______ from ______ occurs by dehydration synthesis.

A)glucose and fructose; sucrose
B)glucose; starch
C)monomers; polymers
D)glucose; cellulose
E)sucrose; glucose and fructose

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis reactions is FALSE?

A)They are energy-yielding reactions.
B)They are a type of condensation reaction.
C)They involve the addition of a molecule of water.
D)An example is the conversion of a polymer to its monomers.
E)An example is the conversion of disaccharides to monosaccharides.

Question 20

Which substance makes up more than half of all living matter and more than 90 percent of the weight of most plant tissues?

A)Protein
B)Cellulose
C)Starch
D)Triglyceride
E)Water

Question 21

Which of the following is characterized by the presence of four interconnected hydrocarbon rings?

A)steroids
B)lignin
C)epicuticular wax
D)phospholipids
E)triglycerides

Question 22

Nucleic acids are different from proteins in that nucleic acids contain:

A)carbon.
B)hydrogen.
C)nitrogen.
D)phosphorus.
E)sulfur

Question 23

Which of the following statements about secondary metabolites is FALSE?

A)They are found in all cells of a plant.
B)Some function as chemical signals or in the defense of the plant against herbivores.
C)They frequently are synthesized in one part of the plant and stored in another.
D)Some are produced only after the plant has been damaged.
E)Their concentration in a plant can vary greatly over a 24-hour period.

Question 24

The monomers of nucleic acids are:

A)DNA and RNA.
B)nucleotides.
C)ribose and deoxyribose.
D)ATP and ADP.
E)genes.

Question 25

The ______ structure of a protein involves interactions between two or more polypeptide chains.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)pentenary

Question 26

Adenosine triphosphate is a type of:

A)fatty acid.
B)amino acid.
C)enzyme.
D)steroid.
E)nucleotide.

Question 27

Which of the following is a primary metabolite?

A)phytoalexin
B)morphine
C)glucose
D)taxol
E)rubber

Question 28

In all organisms except prokaryotes, an important role of sterols is to:

A)serve as storage forms of energy.
B)prevent water loss.
C)catalyze chemical reactions.
D)provide strength to the cell wall.
E)stabilize the phospholipid tails in cell membranes.

Question 29

The most water-repellant of the lipids are:

A)steroids
B)waxes
C)celluloses
D)suberins
E)cutins

Question 30

When a polypeptide undergoes hydrolysis, the products are:

A)glycerols and fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)monosaccharides
D)nucleotides
E)polysaccharides

Question 31

A peptide bond occurs between the ______ groups of adjacent amino acids in polypeptides.

A)amino and carboxyl
B)sulfhydryl
C)amino and phosphate
D)carboxyl and hydroxyl
E)amino

Question 32

The linear sequence of amino acids is called the ______ structure of a protein.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)helix

Question 33

How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins?

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)50
E)100

Question 34

The principal role of ATP in the cell is:

A)catalyzing chemical reactions.
B)providing energy.
C)serving as structural support.
D)functioning as a hormone.
E)keeping the phospholipid tails of membranes aligned

Question 35

A common ______ structure of proteins involves a hydrogen bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of an amino acid farther along the peptide chain.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)pentenary

Question 36

When many nucleotides undergo dehydration synthesis, the product(s) is(are):

A)a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
B)many amino acids.
C)many monosaccharides.
D)a polysaccharide
E)a nucleic acid

Question 37

The tertiary structure of a protein is a result of all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the folding of the secondary structure.
B)the linear sequence of amino acids.
C)the formation of disulfide bridges.
D)interactions among the R groups of a single polypeptide.
E)interactions between two or more polypeptide chains.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

A)They are globular proteins.
B)They enable cells to carry out chemical reactions at room temperature.
C)They lower the energy of activation.
D)They can be used over and over again.
E)They are typically effective only at high concentrations.

Question 39

The subunits of a nucleotide are a(n):

A)five-carbon sugar and an amino acid.
B)amino acid, glycerol, and a fatty acid.
C)five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
D)nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a monosaccharide.
E)phosphate group, a disaccharide, and a fatty acid.

Question 40

The monomers of proteins are:

A)monosaccharides.
B)amino acids.
C)glycerol and fatty acids.
D)nucleotides.
E)fused hydrocarbon rings.

Question 41

In contrast to unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids have one or more kinks that prevent close packing.

Question 42

Amylose and amylopectin are the two forms of starch.

Question 43

______ is an alkaloid used to dilate pupils in eye examinations.

A)Cocaine
B)Atropine
C)Caffeine
D)Morphine
E)Nicotine

Question 44

A peptide bond is a linkage between an amino group and a carboxyl group.

Question 45

Only six elements make up 99 percent of the weight of all living matter.

Question 46

Pentoses and hexoses have a carbonyl group in the ring form but not the chain form.

Question 47

In a phospholipid, the phosphate group is attached directly to the glycerol backbone.

Question 48

The largest group of plant phenolics are the:

A)tannins.
B)cardiac glycosides.
C)flavonoids.
D)lignins.
E)salicylic acids.

Question 49

Starch consists of alpha-glucose subunits, whereas cellulose consists of beta-glucose.

Question 50

A steroid is characterized by the presence of three interconnected hydrocarbon rings.

Question 51

The major classes of secondary plant metabolites are:

A)sugars and proteins.
B)alkaloids and sugars.
C)nucleic acids, alkaloids, and phenolics.
D)terpenoids, phenolics, and proteins.
E)alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids.

Question 52

Pectins and hemicelluloses constitute the matrix of the plant cell wall in which cellulose microfibrils are embedded.

Question 53

Who am I? I form a "blanket" that stabilizes photosynthetic membranes and thus helps the plant cope with heat.

A)isoprene.
B)taxol.
C)anthocyanin.
D)salicylic acid.
E)tannin.

Question 54

In a phospholipid bilayer, each hydrophobic tail is oriented next to a hydrophilic head of the adjancent molecule.

Question 55

Which of the following secondary metabolites consists of isoprene units?

A)morphine
B)atropine
C)anthocyanin
D)taxol
E)salicylic acid

Question 56

______ is a secondary metabolite responsible for adding compressive strength, stiffness, and waterproofing to the plant cell wall.

A)Tannin
B)Lignin
C)Cellulose
D)Flavone
E)Flavonol
True-False Questions

Question 57

Essential oils are types of:

A)tannins.
B)flavonoids.
C)alkaloids.
D)terpenoids.
E)anthocyanins.

Question 58

Unsaturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 59

Plants break down their carbohydrate reserves and transport starch to the site where it is needed.

Question 60

By definition, all organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 61

An RNA molecule consists of a single strand of nucleotides.

Question 62

Energy is released in the reaction in which a phosphate group is linked to ADP forming ATP.

Question 63

Allelopathy is the process by which a chemical produced by one plant inhibits the growth of competitors.

Question 64

The denaturation of a protein involves a disruption in its tertiary structure.

Question 65

When a polypeptide is hydrolyzed, many peptide bonds are formed.

Question 66

DNA molecules are the largest macromolecules found in cells.

Question 67

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and an amino group.

Question 68

All proteins have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.