Deck 42: Animal Reproduction

Question 1

In men, as testosterone levels increase, LH levels

A) move up or down depending on the point in the cycle.
B) remain the same.
C) decrease.
D) increase.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the male, the primary target of FSH is

A) bulbourethral glands.
B) interstitial cells.
C) the prostate gland.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) Sertoli cells.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Brittle stars can regrow a new arm if an existing one is broken off. This is an example of

A) parthenogenesis.
B) budding.
C) regeneration.
D) hermaphrodism.
E) sexual reproduction.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Female salmon build nests in gravel river bottoms to lay eggs, which are then fertilized by male salmon that approach and deposit their sperm over the eggs. This is an example of

A) spawning.
B) hermaphrodism.
C) internal fertilization.
D) copulation.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 5

Which of these hormones stimulates the production of testosterone?

A) Inhibin
B) Chorionic gonadotropin
C) LH
D) FSH
E) GnRH

Question 6

Which of the following is the best definition of parthenogenesis?

A) The combining of genetic material from two parents to produce genetically different offspring
B) Eggs from a female developing into offspring without being fertilized
C) The creation of new organisms from body parts that have been pinched off from the parent
D) Gametes from the male developing into new offspring without combining with an egg
E) A single organism producing both eggs and sperm and fertilizing itself

Question 7

An animal, such as an earthworm, that is hermaphroditic

A) reproduces by budding.
B) spawns.
C) reproduces by unfertilized eggs.
D) produces both eggs and sperm.
E) reproduces by regeneration.

Question 8

The production of new phenotypes occurs with

A) sexual reproduction.
B) regeneration.
C) fragmentation.
D) budding.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 9

All male honeybees develop from unfertilized eggs. This is an example of

A) parthenogenesis.
B) hermaphrodism.
C) external fertilization.
D) budding.
E) sexual reproduction.

Question 10

If a child develops an anterior pituitary tumor that reduces LH and FSH production, the child will

A) produce excess testosterone or estrogen.
B) have decreased production of GnRH.
C) not develop gonads.
D) develop secondary sexual characteristics before puberty.
E) experience delayed or disrupted puberty.

Question 11

___________is the asexual process by which an organism grows a small version of itself on the body of the adult, which then pinches off when it is large enough to be independent.

A) Parthenogenesis
B) Regeneration
C) Budding
D) Fission
E) Mitosis

Question 12

Spawning depends on

A) asexual reproduction.
B) the release of a spermatophore into the water.
C) the synchronized release of eggs and sperm into the water.
D) internal fertilization.
E) copulation.

Question 13

Chemical signals released into the environment are called

A) apomones.
B) spermatophores.
C) telemones.
D) hormones.
E) pheromones.

Question 14

The development of secondary sexual characteristics is due to

A) decreased levels of estrogen or testosterone.
B) decreased levels of GnRH.
C) decreased LH levels.
D) increased levels of estrogen or testosterone.
E) increased levels of progesterone.

Question 15

The onset of puberty is triggered by maturation of the brain, which stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete

A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
B) luteinizing hormone (LH).
C) chorionic gonadotropin (CG).
D) testosterone.
E) progesterone.

Question 16

The most important function of sexual reproduction is

A) preserving genetic purity.
B) limiting genetic recombination.
C) keeping the genes from changing.
D) producing offspring identical to the parents.
E) creating genetic variability.

Question 17

The only flagellated cells in the human body are

A) sperm.
B) Sertoli cells.
C) primary oocytes.
D) mature ova.
E) primary spermatocytes.

Question 18

What is the function of an acrosome?

A) It holds large numbers of mitochondria.
B) It protects the sperm from vaginal secretions.
C) It contains enzymes that dissolve the protective layers around the egg.
D) It propels the sperm through the female reproductive tract.
E) It contains a haploid nucleus.

Question 19

Mature sperm are stored in the

A) epididymis.
B) penis.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) urethra.
E) prostate gland.

Question 20

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A) stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
B) is produced by the pituitary.
C) is secreted when there is a high level of progesterone in the blood.
D) is made by the ovaries.
E) causes endometrial cells to multiply.

Question 21

In which respect do spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ?

A) The number of gametes produced is different.
B) The number of chromosomes in gametes is different.
C) The number of meiotic divisions is different.
D) Spermatogenesis occurs in the epididymis, whereas oogenesis occurs in the ovary.

Question 22

During spermatogenesis, committed spermatogonia undergo mitotic cell division, producing

A) diploid secondary spermatocytes.
B) diploid sperm.
C) diploid primary spermatocytes.
D) haploid secondary spermatocytes.
E) haploid primary spermatocytes.

Question 23

When a sperm penetrates an egg cell

A) the egg must undergo meiosis II before merging chromosomes with the sperm.
B) sperm and egg chromosomes merge immediately.
C) the resulting cell is haploid.
D) the egg has to make a copy of itself before sperm and egg chromosomes merge.
E) the egg undergoes changes that attract another sperm.

Question 24

What would happen to male hormone levels if the hypothalamus produced GnRH continuously?

A) Only LH and FSH levels would be high.
B) Testosterone levels would be low.
C) Only LH and FSH levels would be low.
D) LH, FSH, and testosterone levels would be high.
E) Only testosterone levels would be high.

Question 25

Most of the fluid in semen is produced by the

A) bulbourethral glands.
B) testes.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) epididymis.
E) prostate gland.

Question 26

If the prostate gland failed to add its enzyme -rich fluid to semen, the

A) egg would be killed by the acidic vaginal secretions.
B) semen would exhibit reduced fluidity, hampering the ability of sperm to swim freely in the vagina.
C) acrosome would rupture prematurely.
D) sperm would starve from lack of fructose.
E) semen would lack lubricating mucus.

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way out of the male?

A) Epididymis → seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra
B) Epididymis → urethra → vas deferens → seminiferous tubules
C) Seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra → epididymis
D) Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra
E) Urethra → vas deferens → seminiferous tubules → epididymis

Question 28

A surge in the level of LH indicates that ___________is about to occur.

A) menstruation
B) ovulation
C) the testosterone peak
D) puberty
E) the progesterone peak

Question 29

In the ʺtypicalʺ menstrual cycle, day 1 is the day

A) LH levels surge.
B) ovulation occurs.
C) fertilization occurs.
D) the corpus luteum disintegrates.
E) menstruation begins.

Question 30

In the ʺtypicalʺ menstrual cycle, day 13 or 14 is when

A) ovulation occurs.
B) menstruation begins.
C) estrogen levels reach their lowest point.
D) the corpus luteum disintegrates.
E) progesterone levels peak.

Question 31

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

A) LH.
B) sperm.
C) alkaline mucus.
D) FSH.
E) testosterone.

Question 32

The corpus luteum is located in the

A) vagina.
B) penis.
C) ovary.
D) uterus.
E) testis.

Question 33

Why is it necessary for the testes to be in the scrotum to function properly?

A) The scrotum elevates the temperature of the testes, which increases sperm production.
B) The testes develop from scrotal tissues.
C) The sperm are produced in the scrotal tissue and transferred to the testes to finish maturation.
D) The scrotum contains alkaline fluids to nourish the sperm.
E) The scrotum keeps the testes at a cool temperature necessary for sperm production.

Question 34

During ovulation, the mature follicle erupts, releasing the ___________, also known as the egg.

A) zygote
B) polar body
C) oogonium
D) secondary oocyte
E) primary oocyte

Question 35

Menstruation occurs when there is a decrease in

A) the number of follicles.
B) the number of sperm present.
C) levels of estrogen and progesterone.
D) endometrial thickness.
E) levels of FSH and LH.

Question 36

A polar body

A) can be fertilized by a sperm.
B) is a discarded set of chromosomes.
C) is a structure found at one pole of a mature egg.
D) nourishes the egg until it is fertilized.
E) is formed at the same time as a primary oocyte.

Question 37

In humans, fertilization normally occurs in the

A) fimbriae.
B) ovary.
C) uterine tube.
D) vagina.
E) uterus.

Question 38

Ovulation occurs due to a surge in ___________concentrations.

A) testosterone
B) LH
C) estrogen
D) FSH
E) progesterone

Question 39

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way to fertilize an egg?

A) Vagina → cervix → uterus → uterine tube
B) Uterine tube → vagina → uterus → cervix
C) Uterus → uterine tube → cervix → vagina
D) Cervix → uterine tube → vagina → uterus

Question 40

The epididymis connects the

A) prostate and the urethra.
B) seminiferous tubules and the urethra.
C) vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
D) vas deferens and the urethra.
E) testis and the vas deferens.

Question 41

Spermatids are haploid, containing only half the amount of genetic material present in the primary spermatocyte.

Question 42

Sexual reproduction produces individuals that are always genetically identical to the parents.

Question 43

Painful and reoccurring genital blisters are characteristic of

A) HIV.
B) HPV.
C) genital herpes.
D) chlamydia.
E) syphilis.

Question 44

Internal fertilization only occurs by copulation.

Question 45

The production of offspring from unfertilized eggs is called parthenogenesis.

Question 46

The epididymis functions solely to store sperm.

Question 47

Which of the following causes most cases of cervical cancer?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Trichomoniasis
D) Pubic lice
E) Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 48

If taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, the ʺmorning afterʺ pill should

A) thicken the cervical mucus.
B) reduce sperm motility.
C) increase progesterone secretion from the ovary.
D) delay or prevent ovulation.
E) encourage the formation of the corpus luteum.

Question 49

Spawning animals rely on mating behaviors, chemical signals, and/or environmental cues for reproduction to take place.

Question 50

The vaginal ring

A) kills sperm.
B) decreases testosterone production.
C) prevents STDs.
D) releases hormones that prevent ovulation.
E) blocks sperm from reaching the egg.

Question 51

Vasectomy and tubal ligation result in

A) an interruption of the path taken by the egg or sperm.
B) atrophy of the gonads.
C) decreased levels of hormones.
D) a lack of semen or menstrual flow.
E) inability to produce eggs or sperm.

Question 52

Contraceptive methods that rely on synthetic hormones

A) prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
B) destroy fertilized eggs.
C) prevent the sperm and egg from meeting.
D) kill sperm.
E) prevent ovulation.

Question 53

Why is it necessary for many sperm to be present in order for one to fertilize the egg?

A) The combined enzymes digest a path through the corona radiata and zona pellucida.
B) The combined motion of their flagella enables one sperm to push its way into the egg.
C) A sperm cannot find the egg by itself.
D) A mass of sperm is necessary to gain entry into the ovary.
E) A mass of sperm is necessary to open the uterine tube.

Question 54

After ejaculation, sperm live approximately ___________in the female reproductive tract.

A) 2 to 4 days
B) 24 hours
C) 2 weeks
D) 1 month
E) 1 week

Question 55

Sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses include herpes, AIDS, and

A) chlamydia.
B) syphilis.
C) trichomoniasis.
D) gonorrhea.
E) human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 56

Which of the following is a bacterial infection that can cause the uterine tubes to be blocked by scar tissue?

A) HIV
B) HPV
C) Chlamydia
D) Trichomoniasis
E) Genital herpes

Question 57

FSH stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone.

Question 58

Oogenesis begins

A) after the sperm and egg merge.
B) during embryonic development.
C) at around day 14 of each menstrual cycle.
D) at puberty.
E) after copulation.

Question 59

Other than abstinence and sterilization, the most effective method of contraception is the

A) condom.
B) IUD.
C) contraceptive sponge.
D) birth control pill.
E) diaphragm.

Question 60

After a vasectomy, the semen produced will not contain

A) mucus.
B) acid-neutralizing fluid.
C) fructose.
D) enzymes.
E) sperm.

Question 61

Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

Question 62

Sexually transmitted infections can be spread only via unprotected intercourse.

Question 63

If a woman is attempting to become pregnant, the best time for her to have intercourse is day 21 of the ʺtypicalʺ menstrual cycle.

Question 64

During an erection, blood pressure in the penis is decreased.

Question 65

Barrier methods of contraception protect individuals from STDs.

Question 66

After ovulation, the mature follicle becomes the corpus luteum.

Question 67

Contraceptive implants prevent ovulation by releasing progesterone.

Question 68

A diploid primary spermatocyte divides to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes.

Question 69

A single organism that produces both eggs and sperm, and can self-fertilize, is a___________ .

Question 70

HIV, which causes AIDS, can be cured by using broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Question 71

The increased levels of estrogen from the maturing follicle cause a decrease in GnRH levels.

Question 72

The contraceptive patch prevents pregnancy by killing sperm.

Question 73

Animals that have internal fertilization without copulation often package their sperm in___________, which are inserted into the female.

Question 74

The presence of testosterone triggers the release of LH to produce more testosterone, as explained by negative feedback.

Question 75

Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is when ovulation occurs.

Question 76

The layer of cells that forms a barrier between the sperm and the egg is the corona radiata.

Question 77

In women, the combined effects of estrogen and progesterone cause a decrease in GnRH levels.

Question 78

During oogenesis, oogonia differentiate and become diploid primary oocytes, which divide to produce four diploid secondary oocytes.

Question 79

The myometrial lining of the uterus thickens in response to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Question 80

Following ovulation, the levels of LH increase dramatically.