Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer.
B) Squamous cell carcinoma is the most likely form of skin cancer to metastasize.
C) Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes.
D) Skin color and family history are not risk factors for skin cancer.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Calluses form in areas that

A) have excessive blood flow
B) have insufficient nerve supply
C) are subject to friction
D) undergo slowed rate of mitosis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is characteristic of the growth of a scalp hair?

A) continuous steady growth until the hair is shed and replaced by a new hair
B) alternating growth phases and resting phases throughout the life of the hair
C) a resting phase followed by a growth phase, which lasts until the hair is shed and replaced by a new hair
D) a growth phase followed by a resting phase, which lasts until the hair is shed and replaced by a new hair

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered an epidermal derivative?

A) sebaceous glands
B) lamellated corpuscles
C) sudoriferous glands
D) hair

Question 5

Which of the following contributes to the increased incidence of heat stroke in the elderly?

A) decreased circulation
B) decreased sudoriferous gland activity
C) decreased number of melanocytes
D) increased number of intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

Question 6

Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the _____.

A) stratum basale
B) dermis
C) subcutaneous layer
D) stratum corneum

Question 7

Orientation of which dermal fibers is responsible for "lines of cleavage" (tension lines) seen in the skin?

A) reticular
B) collagen
C) elastic
D) none of these choices

Question 8

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?

A) tryptophan
B) tyrosine
C) tropomyosin
D) thyroxine

Question 9

Contraction of the _____ cause(s) "goose bumps."

A) hair follicle
B) underlying skeletal muscle
C) arrector pili muscle
D) capillary loops in the papillary region of the dermis

Question 10

Functions of the skin include:

A) excretion of some wastes
B) acting as a blood reservoir
C) acting in immunity
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum corneum
D) reticular region of the dermis

Question 12

As keratinocytes move to the surface

A) they become multinucleate
B) they divide to produce new skin cells
C) they eventually die and are sloughed off
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of _____ in the _____.

A) elastic fibers, epidermis
B) adipose tissue, dermis
C) elastic fibers, dermis
D) basement membrane, hypodermis

Question 14

Which of the following is found in the stratum basale?

A) cuboidal or columnar shaped cells
B) keratinocytes
C) melanocytes
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about skin color is false?

A) Three pigments that are responsible for skin color are hemoglobin, carotene, and melanin.
B) UV exposure leads to increased production of melanin.
C) Melanin is produced in the organelles of epithelial cells and then migrates to the hypodermis.
D) Carotene contributes a yellow-orange hue to the skin.

Question 16

The integument consists of which of the following?

A) skin and subcutaneous layer
B) epidermis and dermis
C) cutaneous membrane and underlying muscle
D) papillary and reticular regions

Question 17

What word does the letter "B" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?

A) big (greater than 6mm)
B) brown/black pigmentation
C) border is irregular
D) blister

Question 18

Together, the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated muscles and nerves are an example of a/an:

A) tissue
B) organ
C) system
D) organism

Question 19

Cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. From deepest to most superficial, the cells pass through the layers in what order? 1. stratum spinosum
2) stratum basale
3) stratum corneum
4) stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
5) stratum granulosum

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
C) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
D) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3

Question 20

The narrow strip of epidermis found on the surface of the proximal border of a nail is called _____.

A) eponychium (cuticle)
B) free edge
C) lunula
D) hyponychium

Question 21

Cells in the three most superficial layers of the epidermis receive a large supply of blood from blood vessels in the dermis.

Question 22

Thin skin has fewer epidermal ridges, sudoriferous glands, and sensory receptors than thick skin.

Question 23

The lunula of a nail appears whiter than the rest of the nail due to the structure of the stratum basale.

Question 24

Differences in skin color are mainly due to the number of melanocytes in the epidermis.

Question 25

Which of the following terms best describes a bluish skin color most likely resulting from an inadequate amount of oxygen circulating in the blood?

A) erythema
B) cyanosis
C) albinism
D) hirsutism

Question 26

Following a burn, charring and insensitivity to pain was found over the entire surface of the right lower limb, entire surface of right trunk and anterior surface of the right upper limb. Approximately what percent of the body surface had burns and how would you classify the burn?

A) 18%; second degree
B) 27%, third degree
C) 32%, partial thickness
D) 40%, third degree

Question 27

The skin is supplied with blood by two arterial plexuses called the papillary plexus and the cutaneous plexus.

Question 28

Albinism is caused by a total lack of melanocytes.

Question 29

Fingernails consist of hardened glandular secretions from the tissue of the nail root.

Question 30

The papillae of hair fill with ectoderm in which blood vessels develop.

Question 31

What is the correct order for the development of the dermis?

A) mesoderm; mesenchyme; fibroblasts
B) endoderm; mesenchyme; keratinocytes
C) ectoderm; fibroblasts; melanocytes
D) mesoderm; collagen; mesenchyme

Question 32

Acne is an inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Question 33

The deepest layer of the skin is called the hypodermis.

Question 34

A callus is a thickening of the dermis caused by excessive friction.

Question 35

Three major types of skin are recognized on the basis of certain structural and functional properties: thin skin, intermediate skin, and thick skin.

Question 36

One of the factors responsible for skin color differences among races is the amount of melanin the keratinocytes produce and transfer to melanocytes.

Question 37

Thick skin, containing all five layers of the epidermis, is found in areas of all of the following except _____.

A) palms
B) soles
C) fingertips
D) upper back

Question 38

The _____ gives rise to the epidermis.

A) mesenchyme
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) endoderm

Question 39

The two principal layers of skin are the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer.

Question 40

The cutaneous plexus is located in the epidermis and supplies cells of the epidermis and upper dermis with blood.

Question 41

Describe the tissues and structures of the two regions (layers) of the dermis.

Question 42

Keratohyalin granules are characteristic of the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis.

Question 43

Describe the damage of first, second, and third degree burns.

Question 44

Vernix caseosa is secreted by sebaceous glands to protect the fetus from amniotic fluid.

Question 45

Describe the changes that occur in skin with age.

Question 46

In the fifth or sixth month of fetal development, hair follicles produce delicate fetal hair called _____, which is usually shed prior to birth.

Question 47

Describe the layers of the epidermis and discuss growth of the epidermis. Include a description of the different cell types. Accompany your answer with a labeled diagram.

Question 48

Lipids released by _____ granules of keratinocytes are responsible for reducing the passage of water through the skin.

Question 49

Thin skin lacks the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis.

Question 50

Surface patterns that develop on the skin of the hands and feet are due to the presence of dermal papillae and are called _____ ridges.

Question 51

Vitamin D synthesis begins in the skin as a result of UV radiation altering a precursor molecule.

Question 52

The layer of the epidermis containing the most layers of cells is the stratum _____.

Question 53

Most of the age-related changes associated with the integumentary system occur in the epidermis.

Question 54

"Goose bumps" on the skin are due to contraction of smooth muscles called _____, which are associated with hair follicles.

Question 55

The _____ of the hair is the portion that projects from the surface of the skin.

Question 56

Discuss the three common forms of skin cancer.

Question 57

Development of blisters following exposure of skin to heat is indicative of a first-degree burn.

Question 58

Epithelial cells from the _____ give rise to the sebaceous glands during fetal development.

Question 59

Explain how wrinkles result as a normal consequence of aging.

Question 60

The concentric layers of a hair from external to internal are _____, _____, and _____.

Question 61

Identify the deepest layer of the skin.

Question 62

A is pointing to what structure?

Question 63

Name the specialized receptor indicated by D.

Question 64

B is pointing to what structure?

Question 65

Identify the specific layer in which cells begin dying.
Dermis

Question 66

A mild sunburn is an example of a _____ burn and involves only the _____ layer of the skin.

Question 67

Identify the type of cell that has an immune function.

Question 68

Identify the specific structure indicated by B.

Question 69

Identify the layer sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum because of its role in forming new cells.

Question 70

In regards to thermoregulatory sweating, sweat that evaporates from the skin before it is perceived as moisture is termed _____ perspiration; whereas sweat that is excreted in larger amounts and is seen as moisture on the skin is called _____ perspiration.

Question 71

Give two different names for the layer indicated by C.

Question 72

Name the structure indicated by A.

Question 73

C is pointing to what structure?

Question 74

Identify the cell type that produces melanin.

Question 75

______ is due to a buildup of the yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin. This condition gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the whites of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease.