Deck 10: The Sociological Body: Age, Health, and Sexuality

Question 1

Kim is taking care of her elderly mother and three young children, exemplifying

A) a midlife crisis
B) an age cohort
C) the Baby Boomers
D) the sandwich generation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "beauty myth," according to Naomi Wolf,

A) is that people who are beautiful must also be intelligent
B) refers to the belief that opposites attract
C) refers to a nearly unreachable cultural ideal of feminine beauty
D) is that the importance of body shape and weight to society are myths

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of these refers to a set of observable characteristics and attributes used to categorize people into different age cohorts?

A) Actual age
B) Chronological age
C) Age norms
D) Functional age

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to your text, a large proportion - over 80 percent - of cosmetic surgery patients are influenced by

A) Television shows
B) Its slightly "naughty" characteristic
C) Its status as something reserved for the wealthy Its medical necessity

Question 5

In the U.S., women's median age at the birth of first child

A) has decreased, along with the increase in teenage pregnancy
B) has increased as more women completed higher education and entered the labor force.
C) Is strictly an individual phenomenon
D) Is similar among different races and ethnicities

Question 6

The average Miss America contestant and average model

A) are both taller and weigh less than the average American woman
B) are thinner than the average American woman because their weight (which is similar to the average American woman's) is distributed over a taller frame.
C) Have stayed fairly similar over time in their average height and weight
D) Have actually become heavier over time in keeping with changing American ideals.

Question 7

Rich countries have higher rates of obesity than poor countries,

A) And within both rich and poor countries, the rich are heavier than the poor
B) But within rich countries, the rich are thinner than the poor
C) And within rich countries, the rich are heavier than the poor
D) Though there is little relationship between obesity and the wealth or poverty of individuals

Question 8

Within developed countries,

A) Rates of overweight are similar across social class
B) The rich, who can afford more food, are more likely to be overweight than the poor
C) The poor are more likely than the rich to be overweight
D) The most overweight group is the middle class

Question 9

Considering human cultures across the world, standards for physical attractiveness

A) Vary dramatically
B) Vary somewhat between cultures, but not within cultures
C) Are close to universal, with only minor differences within some cultures
D) Are both instinctive and universal

Question 10

Rates of anorexia and bulimia in the United States are ________.

A) Higher than anywhere else in the world.
B) Lower than anywhere else in the world.
C) Higher in men than any other country, but not in women.
D) Lowest in white females.

Question 11

Today, increasing affluence, better nutrition, and more sophisticated medical expertise have increased the average __________ in rich countries.

A) Age cohort
B) Functional age
C) Life expectancy
D) Life stage

Question 12

The distinctive values, pursuits, and pastimes that are culturally prescribed for each age cohort are referred to as

A) Cohort values
B) Chronological age
C) Age norms
D) Cohort prescriptors

Question 13

In the U.S., the poverty rate for senior citizens

A) is lower than the national average
B) is equal to the national average
C) is slightly higher than the national average
D) is much higher than the national average

Question 14

In the U.S., people born during the decade after World War II are referred to as the "Baby Boomers," and are an example of a(n)

A) Birth span
B) Age cohort
C) Primary group
D) Life course category

Question 15

Shows such as Extreme Makover influence __________ cosmetic surgery patients.

A) Very few
B) Around a third
C) About a half
D) Over three-quarters

Question 16

In the U.S. over the past three decades, women's median ages for marriage and birth of first child have

A) Increased
B) Decreased
C) Stayed pretty much the same
D) Fluctuated back and forth

Question 17

Which of these illustrates the concept that age is a social construction?

A) Depending on the norms of their society, 60-year-olds may be doddering and decrepit or in the robust prime of life.
B) The life expectancy of different societies varies widely, from about 30 to 85 years.
C) Human infants are incapable of providing for themselves, and depend on others to survive.
D) The passing of years determines the characteristics of age.

Question 18

In the U.S., many girls and young women have eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia,

A) which are common among all races and social classes.
B) though these are not life-threatening.
C) but the U.S. rates are lower than in most European countries.
D) due to the premium U.S. culture places on narrow hard-to-achieve standards of beauty

Question 19

In the U.S., tattoos are LEAST common among which of these, compared to the others?

A) Whites
B) African Americans
C) Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals
D) Latinos

Question 20

What we consider beautiful

A) Is mostly instinctive
B) Is related to cultural standards
C) Is similar for people of different races, ethnicities, and social classes
D) Has been fairly constant over time

Question 21

Your text shows Michael Rochlin's 1980 questionnaire that illustrates the impact of homophobia on how heterosexuals understand sexuality; it asks questions such as what "caused your _______," and whether __________ may be a "phase you may grow out of."

A) Heterosexuality
B) Homosexuality
C) Bisexuality
D) Asexuality

Question 22

Why are sexual desire, sexual behavior, and sexual identity subject to values about "correctness" as well as norms governing their enactment and expression?

A) Because some are inherently bad or good
B) Because they are social
C) Because they are individual choices
D) Because they should be disallowed

Question 23

Which of these is correct when comparing health in the U.S. to that in the ten most industrialized countries, including France, Japan, and Canada?

A) The U.S. has the highest expenditures per person, but is lowest in life expectancy.
B) The U.S. has the highest expenditures per person, and is highest in life expectancy.
C) The U.S. has the lowest expenditures per person, and is lowest in life expectancy.
D) The U.S. has the lowest expenditures per person, but is highest in life expectancy.

Question 24

The birth rate in the United States has been ________ while life expectancy has been ________.

A) decreasing; increasing
B) steady; decreasing
C) increasing; decreasing
D) decreasing; steady

Question 25

Campaigns to reduce risk of HIV/AIDS in developing countries are often difficult due to

A) Greater rates of homosexuality in developing countries
B) Lower IV drug use
C) Cultural and religious beliefs
D) The expense of drugs to slow the death rate

Question 26

A good predictor of good health is

A) old age
B) obesity
C) wealth
D) poverty

Question 27

The term __________ refers to the identities we construct that are often based on our sexual conduct and which may derive from the biological sex of those we desire or with whom we have sex.

A) Sex
B) Gender
C) Sexualization
D) Sexuality

Question 28

In the U.S., the poverty rates for which categories of elderly people (considered separately) are lower than the average poverty rate for elderly people

A) African-Americans, men
B) Hispanics, women
C) Living alone, women
D) Men, living with families

Question 29

Sexual orientation is

A) primarily a choice
B) determined in adolescence or adulthood
C) changeable
D) fairly stable by at least age 5

Question 30

Worldwide, the most common sexual identity is

A) homosexuality
B) polygamy
C) heterosexuality
D) monosexuality

Question 31

In the United States, __________ make up twelve percent of the population, but account for over half of all new HIV infections.

A) Native Americans
B) Whites
C) Asians
D) Blacks

Question 32

Members of a highland tribe in New Guinea fear that heterosexual sex makes men weaker, therefore many men

A) remain celibate
B) are violent toward women
C) are polygynous
D) are polyandrous

Question 33

The racial and ethnic groups with the worst health in America are

A) Asians and Native Americans
B) Blacks and Native Americans
C) Latinos and Whites
D) Latinos and Asians

Question 34

Sexuality varies between cultures, within any culture over time, among different groups, and changes over the life course, therefore sociologists see it as

A) individual behavior
B) strictly a biological concept
C) socially constructed
D) fixed and immutable

Question 35

Which of these is the only industrialized nation that does not guarantee coverage for essential medical services, rations care by income, race, and health, and allows for-profit insurance companies to exclude people who need care?

A) China
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) The United States

Question 36

What had a profound effect on how Western society viewed childhood?

A) The Industrial Revolution
B) The Civil War
C) Women's Suffrage
D) The immigration surge

Question 37

With respect to health care, the United States ________.

A) Rations care by income, race, and health
B) Guarantees coverage for essential medical services
C) Does not allow for-profit insurance companies to exclude people who need care
D) Has one of the least expensive and equitable systems among industrialized nations.

Question 38

The both/and perspective notes that Americans often hold different sets of values that compete or collide. In regard to health care, an example of these would be:

A) all men are created equal, human life is sacred
B) healthcare is a basic human right, government should not interfere in private life
C) hard work should be rewarded, government should not tax Americans to pay for the needy
D) basic health care is a human right, health care should not be a privilege of the rich

Question 39

The text gives examples of cultures in New Guinea, a culture in Brazil, and "typical" Americans, to show that

A) sexual behavior is almost universal
B) sexual behavior is similar in the undeveloped cultures, but different than in the U.S.
C) sexual behavior varies slightly, though it is almost universally organized around reproduction.
D) Sexual behaviors vary widely within and between cultures

Question 40

The global epicenter of HIV/AIDS is __________, where there is a 50/50 chance that a 15-year-old boy or girl will catch the disease.

A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) North America
C) South America
D) Asia

Question 41

In the United States, many Christian churches including the Episcopal Church, Church of Christ, Presbyterian Church in America, and American Baptists

A) allow neither gay clergy nor openly gay members
B) prohibit gay clergy, though they allow gay members
C) permit gay clergy, but prohibit gay members
D) allow both gay clergy and gay members

Question 42

__________ refers to a set of institutionally based practices in which gay men and lesbians encounter inequality throughout society.

A) Heterosexism
B) Homosexism
C) Homophobia
D) Heteronormism

Question 43

Getting a woman so drunk that she can neither consent nor say no to sex is a prelude to

A) Lovemaking
B) An emotional relationship
C) Assault
D) Romance

Question 44

Christine and Heather would like to marry and adopt a child, but are not legally permitted to marry, and are encountering resistance from local adoption agencies. The institutionally based inequality they face is

A) homophobia
B) heterosexism
B) homosexism
D) heteronormism

Question 45

Your text includes a world map showing LGTBI Rights in the World. In which areas of the world are same-sex unions recognized?

A) Northern Africa and the Middle East
B) Western Europe and Australia
C) Latin America and Eastern Europe
D) The Middle East and Scandinavia

Question 46

Which group appears to have the highest rates of long-term committed relationships?

A) Gay men
B) Heterosexual men
C) Lesbians
D) Gay women

Question 47

With respect to same-sex behavior, ________.

A) It is extremely rare in the animal kingdom.
B) Sociologists believe it is only biologically based
C) About 5 percent of every human male population has exclusive samesex interests
D) Sociologist believe it is only socially constructed

Question 48

Your text includes a world map showing LGTBI Rights in the World. In which of these areas are same-sex acts most likely to be severely punished?

A) Western Europe and Australia
B) Northern Africa and the Middle East
C) South America and Southern Africa
D) The Middle East and Scandinavia

Question 49

The well-developed "sex tourism" industry

A) began in Thailand in the 1960s as a "rest and recreation" service for U.S. troops
B) provides a sanctioned way for many women to explore their sexuality.
C) Represents an equal relationship between the men and women who buy or sell sex
D) Reflects a supply and demand relationship that is important to the European economy.

Question 50

In wealthy countries, rich people are __________ likely to be thin than poor people,.

Question 51

Many girls and young women in the U.S. have an eating disorder known as __________, which involves eating large quantities of food and then vomiting.

Question 52

Regarding gay men and lesbians,

A) Most industrial societies are far less homophobic than they were even a decade ago.
B) Most industrial societies are far more homophobic than they were a decade ago.
C) The European Union countries have some of the highest levels of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
D) The majority of people under 30 oppose legalizing gay marriage.

Question 53

Naomi Wolf referred to the nearly unreachable cultural ideal of feminine beauty as the "__________."

Question 54

In terms of sexuality, our culture tends to focus on a(n) _________ that excludes bisexuals.

A) Biological interplay
B) Heterosexual anomaly
C) gay/straight dichotomy
D) plurality

Question 55

Which of the following represents an example of heterosexism?

A) Availability of health benefits only for heterosexual, married couples
B) Popularity of the television show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy
C) The Civil Rights act of 1965
D) European laws forbidding discrimination against gays

Question 56

The average Miss America contestant and average model weigh __________ and are __________ tall than the average American woman.

Question 57

Research shows that high school students receiving abstinence only education are __________ likely to report a pregnancy compared to those who received comprehensive sex education, including information about birth control.

A) Much less
B) Slightly less
C) Similarly
D) More

Question 58

If "hooking up" on campus is the dominant campus sexual culture, then _________ would be the counterculture.

A) Homosexuality
B) Bisexuality
C) Abstinence
D) Heterosexuality

Question 59

In our culture, the sexual double standard encourages __________ to pursue sex outside of romantic or emotional commitment.

A) Men
B) Asexuals
C) Women
D) Heterosexuals

Question 60

Bearman and Bruckner's analysis of data from over 90,000 students showed that

A) Virginity pledges are most effective when a significant proportion of students at a school takes the pledge.
B) About 90 percent of students taking a virginity pledge stayed virgins till at least age 20.
C) When virginity pledgers did have heterosexual intercourse, they were far less likely to use contraception.
D) Pledges were least effective for younger students.

Question 61

The prefix __________ comes from the Greek word meaning "different," while the prefix __________ comes from the Greek word meaning "same."

Question 62

__________ refers to institutionally based sexual inequality that may derive from __________ .

Question 63

In the U.S., __________ are the age category with the highest rate of poverty.

Question 64

Rates of anorexia and bulimia are higher in the U.S. than in any other country.

Question 65

The "scientific study of the biological, psychological, and sociological phenomena associated with old age and aging" is called __________.

Question 66

__________ is the only industrialized nation that does not guarantee coverage for essential medical services, rations care by income, race, and health, and allows for- profit insurance companies to exclude people who need care.

Question 67

In the U.S., __________ are the racial/ethnic group that makes up over half of all new HIV infections.

Question 68

Worldwide, the most common sexual identity is __________.

Question 69

Although Barbie's body proportions would be nearly impossible for a real-life woman to achieve, G.I. Joe's proportions are more realistic, and are not uncommon among healthy strong men.

Question 70

In terms of sexuality, our culture tends to focus on a gay/straight dichotomy that excludes _________.

Question 71

On many college campuses, more than half of all sexual assaults take the form of __________ __________.

Question 72

Through the process of __________ __________, our understanding of our culture's sexual scripts begins to coalesce into a preference.

Question 73

Depending on the norms of their society, 15-year-olds may play with toy soldiers or fight in real wars, and 20-year-olds may receive a weekly paycheck or a weekly allowance. These examples illustrate how age is a biological phenomenon.

Question 74

Middle-aged adults who are caring for both their children and their aging parents are called the __________.

Question 75

In our culture, the __________ encourages men to pursue sex outside of romantic or emotional commitment, while women are taught to consider sex only in the context of an emotional relationship.

Question 76

Compared to the most industrialized countries in the world, including France, Japan, and Canada, the U.S. has the __________ life expectancy.

Question 77

Compared to the most industrialized countries in the world, including France, Japan, and Canada, the U.S. has the __________ per capita health expenditures and the __________ life expectancy.

Question 78

In the U.S., the poverty rate for senior citizens is lower than the national average.

Question 79

In the U.S., people born during the decade after World War II, referred to as the "Baby Boomers," are an example of a(n) __________.

Question 80

In the U.S. we hold competing values regarding health care: "all men are created equal" and "healthcare is a basic human right," each of which would lead us toward supporting basic health care as a right, compared to "hard work should be rewarded" and "government should not interfere in private life," each of which which might lead us toward viewing health care as a reward. These simultaneous yet competing values exemplify the __________ perspective.