Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System Ii: Blood Vessels

Question 1

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system?

A) metarteriole
B) elastic artery
C) muscular artery
D) arteriole

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which vessels are the most compliant?

A) systemic arterioles
B) systemic metarterioles
C) systemic arteries
D) systemic veins

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is:

A) blood pressure.
B) resistance.
C) blood flow.
D) cardiac output.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE of veins?

A) Veins have smaller lumens than arteries.
B) Veins have more smooth muscle than arteries.
C) Veins have thinner walls than arteries.
D) Veins have more elastic fibers than arteries.

Question 5

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

A) tunica adventitia
B) tunica intima
C) tunica externa
D) tunica media

Question 6

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

A) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
B) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa

Question 7

Which circuit has the greatest resistance?

A) venous circuit
B) hepatic circuit
C) systemic circuit
D) pulmonary circuit

Question 8

Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?

A) collaterals
B) postcapillary venules
C) precapillary sphincters
D) capillary beds

Question 9

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) systemic veins
D) systemic arteries

Question 10

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

A) arteriole
B) metarteriole
C) muscular artery
D) elastic artery

Question 11

What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A) blood vessel length and blood vessel radius
B) stroke volume and cardiac output
C) diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
D) heart rate and peripheral resistance

Question 12

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

A) systemic veins
B) systemic venules
C) systemic arterioles
D) systemic capillary beds

Question 13

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as:

A) venous pressure.
B) mean arterial pressure (MAP).
C) systolic pressure.
D) pulmonary circuit.

Question 14

The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:

A) muscular arteries.
B) elastic arteries.
C) venules.
D) arterioles.

Question 15

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation?

A) heart rate and stroke volume
B) cardiac output and peripheral resistance
C) blood vessel radius and blood vessel length
D) diastolic pressure and systolic pressure

Question 16

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
D) venules

Question 17

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

A) Peripheral resistance has no effect on blood pressure.
B) As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure decreases.
C) As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.
D) As peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure increases.

Question 18

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

A) metarterioles
B) muscular arteries
C) veins
D) arterioles

Question 19

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) blood vessel length.
B) blood type.
C) blood viscosity.
D) vessel radius.

Question 20

Predict the scenario that will decrease peripheral resistance.

A) increase in vessel radius
B) increase in vessel length
C) increase in blood viscosity
D) increase in vessel obstructions

Question 21

Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return blood to his heart?

A) skeletal muscle pump
B) respiratory pump
C) Korotkoff sounds
D) mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 22

Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine?

A) pancreas
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) spleen

Question 23

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

A) sinusoidal capillaries
B) continuous capillaries
C) fenestrated capillaries
D) closed capillaries

Question 24

How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?

A) Vasoconstriction is promoted.
B) Sympathetic activity is inhibited.
C) Heart rate is increased.
D) Cardiac output is increased.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for hypertension?

A) increase intake of sugar
B) stop smoking
C) limit alcohol intake
D) increase physical activity

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart?

A) respiratory pump
B) skeletal muscle pump
C) venous valves
D) elastic fibers

Question 27

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a spygmomanometer, which vessel is used?

A) axillary artery
B) ulnar artery
C) subclavian artery
D) brachial artery

Question 28

Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

A) norepinephrine
B) angiotensin ^-II
C) acetylcholine
D) epinephrine

Question 29

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?

A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B) angiotensin ^-II
C) aldosterone
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 30

Increases in blood pressure are detected by:

A) thermoreceptors.
B) chemorecepors.
C) nociceptors.
D) baroreceptors.

Question 31

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

A) decreased blood oxygen concentration
B) stretch in the walls of arteries
C) increased blood pressure
D) vasodilation of arterioles

Question 32

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

A) aorta
B) inferior vena cava
C) capillary beds
D) elastic arteries

Question 33

Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?

A) somatic nervous system
B) sensory nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

Hypertension is defined as:

A) high blood pressure.
B) high blood sugar.
C) low blood pressure.
D) excess aldosterone.

Question 35

Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg.

A) 200 mm Hg
B) 90 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 130 mm Hg

Question 36

Which capillary would be ^least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?

A) sinusoidal capillaries
B) continuous capillaries
C) closed capillaries
D) fenestrated capillaries

Question 37

What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A) 150 mm Hg
B) 95 mm Hg
C) 80 mm Hg
D) 120 mm Hg

Question 38

By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary?

A) diffusion
B) transcytosis
C) osmosis
D) facilitated diffusion

Question 39

Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells?

A) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.
B) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
C) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
D) A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.

Question 40

Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A) capillaries
B) systemic arterioles
C) venules
D) coronary arterioles

Question 41

Water crosses capillary beds by:

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) diffusion.
C) transcytosis.
D) filtration.

Question 42

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) can occur due to a blockage in the:

A) facial artery.
B) basilar artery.
C) occipital artery.
D) axillary artery.

Question 43

Which of the following situations creates edema?

A) an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure
B) a negative net filtration pressure (NFP)
C) a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
D) an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient

Question 44

Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary.

A) water is pushed of the capillary by filtration
B) water is pushed into the capillary by absorption
C) water is pulled into the capillary by absorption
D) there is no net movement of water

Question 45

Which of the following vessels can be used for taking the pulse?

A) celiac trunk
B) internal iliac artery
C) renal artery
D) brachial artery

Question 46

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin?

A) colloid osmotic pressure
B) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
C) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D) hydrostatic pressure

Question 47

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

A) rising hydrogen ion levels
B) dropping arteriole pressure
C) rising carbon dioxide levels
D) rising arteriolar pressure

Question 48

Which of the following arteries gives rise to all others listed?

A) axillary artery
B) ulnar artery
C) brachial artery
D) radial artery

Question 49

Determine the process that will occur when net filtration pressure is negative.

A) absorption
B) diffusion
C) osmosis
D) filtration

Question 50

What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh?

A) popliteal artery
B) dorsalis pedis artery
C) anterior tibial artery
D) posterior tibial artery

Question 51

Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary?

A) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
B) colloid osmotic pressure
C) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
D) capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 52

What is the largest artery in the body?

A) left common carotid artery
B) pulmonary trunk
C) left subclavian artery
D) aorta

Question 53

What is edema?

A) net filtration pressure
B) dehydration
C) absorption
D) swelling

Question 54

Blood pressure is equivalent to:

A) hydrostatic pressure.
B) oncotic pressure.
C) colloid osmotic pressure.
D) net filtration pressure

Question 55

Which of the following vessels gives rise to the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?

A) intestinal arteries
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac trunk
D) superior epigastric artery

Question 56

Which division of the aorta gives rise to the right and left common iliac arteries?

A) descending abdominal aorta
B) aortic arch
C) descending thoracic aorta
D) ascending aorta

Question 57

At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest?

A) oncotic pressure
B) colloid osmotic pressure
C) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D) capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 58

Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood?

A) hepatic artery
B) middle mesenteric artery
C) inferior mesenteric artery
D) superior mesenteric artery

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an artery that branches off the aortic arch?

A) left subclavian artery
B) brachiocephalic artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right subclavian artery

Question 60

Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP) if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg.

A) 15 mm Hg
B) 45 mm Hg
C) 25 mm Hg
D) ^-15 mm Hg

Question 61

Cross ^-sectional area increases as arteries branch into smaller vessels, causing the blood to flow more slowly.

Question 62

Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores.

Question 63

The anterior and posterior tibial veins merge to form the:

A) external iliac vein.
B) great saphenous vein.
C) femoral vein.
D) medial plantar vein.

Question 64

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs.

Question 65

Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow.

Question 66

Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the:

A) inferior vena cava.
B) superior mesenteric vein.
C) superior vena cava.
D) hepatic vein.

Question 67

Which of the following veins does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

A) renal vein
B) common iliac vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic vein

Question 68

Baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure are located in the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 69

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) alters peripheral resistance by causing vasodilation. As a result, there is a mild decrease in peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Question 70

Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood?

A) artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein
B) artery, arteriole, capillary bed, vein, venule
C) arteriole, artery, capillary bed, vein, venule
D) arteriole, artery, capillary bed, venule, vein

Question 71

Mean arterial pressure generally measures around 120/80 mm Hg.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver via the hepatic portal system?

A) erythropoiesis
B) detoxification reactions
C) destruction of red blood cells
D) storage of glucose

Question 73

Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain?

A) inferior vena cava
B) vertebral vein
C) internal jugular vein
D) subclavian vein

Question 74

Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain?

A) inferior vena cava
B) inferior epigastric vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic vein

Question 75

Cerebrospinal fluid drains into:

A) dural sinuses.
B) the azygos system.
C) facial vein.
D) external jugular vein.

Question 76

Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the:

A) upper limb.
B) brain.
C) abdominal organs.
D) lower limb.

Question 77

The union of the radial and ulnar veins forms the:

A) brachial vein.
B) axillary vein.
C) basilic vein.
D) median cubital vein.

Question 78

The azygos system collects blood from the:

A) superior thoracic cavity.
B) anterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
C) abdominopelvic cavity.
D) posterior thoracic and abdominal walls.

Question 79

Increased sympathetic activity leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 80

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood.