Deck 4: Infancy Birth to 24 Months Old

Question 1

Parents are advised to search for daycare settings that encourage _____, because this enhances social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development in children. Choices:

A) discipline
B) unmodified extinction
C) imaginative play
D) nap time

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The MMR vaccine can cause _____or severe allergic reactions. Choices:

A) autism
B) encephalitis
C) pneumonia
D) diphtheria

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Children with _____ are passive, need time to adjust to new situations, and withdraw or negatively react to new situations. Choices:

A) easy temperament
B) difficult temperament
C) slow to warm temperament
D) aggressive temperament

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following has not been found to be an effective sleep management technique? Choices:

A) the Ferber method
B) self-soothing
C) immediate responding
D) unmodified extinction

Question 5

_____ refers to a child's ability to recognize, express, and regulate his or her feelings. Choices:

A) Identity
B) Emotional development
C) Temperament
D) Self-regulation

Question 6

_____ are overproduced in the _____ and then pruned based on the infant's experiences. Choices:

A) Synapses, cerebral cortex
B) Synapses, parietal lobe
C) Reflexes, medulla
D) Convolutions, cerebellum

Question 7

_____ American mothers express stronger beliefs about the use of punishment for infants and have greater concerns about spoiling infants as young as 6 months of age as compared to _____ American mothers. Choices:

A) European, Asian
B) European, African
C) African, European
D) Asian, African

Question 8

Which of the following is not typical of breast-fed babies? Choices:

A) higher obesity rates
B) fewer infections and diseases
C) less diarrhea
D) fewer incidences of sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life

Question 9

Which of the following milestones of an infant's motor development typically occurs first? Choices:

A) ability to roll over
B) crawling
C) holding head and chest up while lying on stomach
D) sitting with support

Question 10

By the time they are _____ months old, infants lose the ability to discriminate the sounds in different languages. Choices:

A) 4
B) 24
C) 12
D) 8

Question 11

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to observe and understand emotional cues of others and then use those cues to guide one's behavior? Choices:

A) Self-regulation
B) Discipline
C) Temperament
D) Social referencing

Question 12

When infants are first born, they are able to see up to the distance of about _____ inches in front of their face. Choices:

A) 8
B) 24
C) 16
D) 2

Question 13

Responding sensitively to infant _____ such as _____ leads to increased language and cognitive development. Choices:

A) requests, seeking a pacifier
B) cues, crying and cooing
C) tantrums, refusal to cooperate
D) reflexes, grasping

Question 14

Mothers who express _____ child-rearing beliefs, concerns about spoiling their infants, or beliefs that their infant acted in intentionally negative ways are _____ likely to engage in positive interactions with their babies. Choices:

A) punitive, more
B) authoritarian, more
C) authoritative, least
D) traditional, least

Question 15

Children who are identified as _____ are fearful to explore the environment, which may lead to _____. Choices:

A) anxious-resistant, feelings of incompetence
B) securely attached, limited exploration of the environment
C) avoidantly attached, social struggles
D) disorganized-disoriented, suppression of emotion

Question 16

It is expected that during an infant's fine motor development, he or she will begin to pull up to stand alone and walk with some help and support by _____ months. Choices:

A) 4 to 8
B) 8 to 12
C) 2 to 6
D) 16 to 24

Question 17

The _____ reflex occurs in response to a loud noise or when a person nearby makes a sudden movement. Choices:

A) grasp
B) moro
C) rooting
D) babbling

Question 18

Studies show that securely attached children are likely to demonstrate _____. Choices:

A) behavioral difficulties
B) empathy
C) lower intelligence
D) difficulty bonding in relationships

Question 19

Which of the following factors has not been found to impact sleep cycles? Choices:

A) infant temperament
B) attachment
C) number of siblings sharing the same bedroom
D) sleeping arrangements

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of breast-feeding for mothers? Choices:

A) decreased postpartum bleeding
B) it serves as a natural birth control method
C) reduced anxiety
D) slower uterine involution

Question 21

Most children placed in high-quality daycare settings demonstrated high achievement and development through middle childhood, except for children from low-income families.

Question 22

Mothers of securely attached infants are more consistent, sensitive, and accepting of their babies when compared to mothers of insecurely attached infants.

Question 23

Breast-fed babies have lower incidences of sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life.

Question 24

The senses of taste and smell are not well-developed before birth.

Question 25

Describe the four kinds of infant sleep patterns.

Question 26

The most frequently noted disadvantages to childcare settings are physical and sexual abuse.

Question 27

Explain the interaction and fit between the child's temperament and the caregiver's temperament and how this may relate to their bond formation.

Question 28

Discuss the possible psychosocial and emotional consequences for children placed in poor quality daycare settings and the implications for counselors working with parents in selecting appropriate daycare for their children.

Question 29

As newborns, babies prefer to hear their mother's voice over a stranger's voice.

Question 30

Attachment parenting practices are associated with lower intelligence and poor academic performance.

Question 31

During the first few months of life, the sensory system seems to function at a higher level than the motor system.