Deck 2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Determine the number of protons in an isotope of nitrogen with an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14.

A)7
B)14
C)10
D)17

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What predicts the element to which an atom belongs?

A)total number of neutrons
B)total number of electrons
C)total number of protons
D)number of electrons in the first shell

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following atoms is inert?

A)atomic number of 8
B)atomic number of 14
C)atomic number of 10
D)atomic number of 6

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Two or more atoms of the same element that are chemically combined are known as:

A)molecules.
B)suspensions.
C)compounds.
D)ions.

Question 5

What varies from one isotope of an element to another isotope of the same element?

A)atomic number
B)mass number
C)number of protons
D)both the atomic number and the number of protons

Question 6

Na⁺is best known as a(n):

A)ion.
B)compound.
C)molecule.
D)macromolecule.

Question 7

An atom has 3 electrons in its valence shell.What is the atomic number of this atom?

A)7
B)13
C)3
D)8

Question 8

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of an atom with 15 electrons?

A)10
B)2
C)5
D)8

Question 9

What is meant by N₂?

A)Two nitrogen atoms form a compound.
B)The atomic mass of nitrogen is two.
C)The atomic number of nitrogen is two.
D)Two nitrogen atoms formed a molecule.

Question 10

What contributes to the calculation of the mass number?

A)sum of protons,neutrons,and electrons
B)sum of protons and electrons
C)sum of protons and neutrons
D)sum of electrons and neutrons

Question 11

Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?

A)proton
B)electron
C)neutron
D)nucleus

Question 12

An atom of iron has an atomic number of 26.Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Iron has 13 electrons.
B)Iron has 13 protons and 13 electrons.
C)Iron has 13 protons and 13 neutrons.
D)Iron has 26 protons.

Question 13

The atomic number represents the number of:

A)protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
B)neutrons in an atom.
C)electrons in an atom.
D)protons in an atom.

Question 14

Interpret what is meant by carbon-13.

A)Carbon-13 represents an isotope of carbon with 13 protons.
B)Carbon-13 represents an isotope of carbon with an atomic number of 13.
C)Carbon-13 represents an isotope of carbon with a mass number of 13.
D)Carbon-13 represents the mass number of every atom of carbon.

Question 15

Solid blood cells would settle out of the liquid blood plasma if allowed to sit,illustrating that blood is a:

A)solution.
B)solute.
C)suspension.
D)colloid.

Question 16

The formation of a cation and an anion is indicative of a(n):

A)nonpolar bond.
B)covalent bond.
C)polar bond.
D)ionic bond.

Question 17

The innermost shell of an atom holds:

A)8 electrons.
B)6 electrons.
C)2 electrons.
D)2 protons.

Question 18

An electrically neutral atom with an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 17 has:

A)9 electrons.
B)17 protons.
C)8 neutrons.
D)8 protons.

Question 19

Atoms that satisfy the octet rule are said to be:

A)isotopes.
B)reactive.
C)inert.
D)ions.

Question 20

The four most common elements,comprising 96% of the body's mass,are:

A)carbon,sodium,phosphorus,sulfur.
B)oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen,carbon.
C)oxygen,potassium,iron,copper.
D)chlorine,sodium,magnesium,potassium.

Question 21

Which of the following is the strongest bond?

A)single covalent
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)double covalent

Question 22

What happens in oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions?

A)Energy is used since these are endergonic reactions.
B)Electron exchange occurs.
C)Larger molecules are built from smaller subunits.
D)Atoms are exchanged.

Question 23

Hydrogen bonds may occur between:

A)nonpolar covalent molecules.
B)polar molecules.
C)ions.
D)metals.

Question 24

What type of compound is NOT likely to dissolve in water?

A)ionic compound
B)nonpolar covalent compound
C)both polar and nonpolar covalent compounds
D)polar covalent compound

Question 25

Ionic bonds result from:

A)the unequal sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms.
B)weak attractions between polar molecules.
C)the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom.
D)the equal sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms.

Question 26

Which of the following increases the rate of a reaction?

A)absence of a catalyst
B)solid reactants
C)increased reactant concentration
D)cold temperatures

Question 27

The process of digesting food breaks large food particles into smaller particles.This example is best described as a(n):

A)catabolic reaction.
B)neutralization reaction.
C)exchange reaction.
D)anabolic reaction.

Question 28

What property of water helps keep body temperature stabilized?

A)polarity
B)heat capacity
C)surface tension
D)universal solvent

Question 29

Water is most likely to dissolve a solute that is:

A)hydrophobic.
B)hydrophilic.
C)nonpolar.
D)a lipid.

Question 30

What type of bond is responsible for the surface tension of water?

A)polar covalent bond
B)nonpolar covalent bond
C)hydrogen bond
D)ionic bond

Question 31

In the following chemical reaction,what is NaCl? NaOH + HCl ‹ NaCl + H₂O

A)product
B)acid
C)water
D)reactant

Question 32

What is a dipole?

A)a salt
B)polar molecule
C)a type of reaction
D)nonpolar molecule

Question 33

Which of the following is a hydrogen ion donor?

A)acid
B)base
C)alkali substance
D)neutral substance

Question 34

The transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine is an example of:

A)chemical energy.
B)electrical energy.
C)mechanical energy.
D)sound energy.

Question 35

In a molecule of oxygen gas,the atoms of oxygen share electrons equally with one another.This statement best describes a(n):

A)compound.
B)polar covalent bond.
C)ionic bond.
D)nonpolar covalent bond.

Question 36

Which biological catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction?

A)enzyme
B)salt
C)carbohydrate
D)lipid

Question 37

Which of the following represents an exchange reaction?

A)AB + CD ‹ BA + DC
B)AB ‹ A + B
C)A + B ‹ AB
D)AB + CD ‹ AD + BC

Question 38

What type of reaction releases energy?

A)exergonic reaction
B)equilibrium reaction
C)endergonic reaction
D)catabolic reaction

Question 39

Which statement best describes enzyme function?

A)Enzymes can perform catabolic reactions only.
B)One enzyme can work on thousands of different substrates.
C)Enzymes chemically alter both the reactants and products.
D)Enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 40

What does this structural formula,N÷N,indicate?

A)An ionic bond holds the two atoms of nitrogen together.
B)Three atoms of nitrogen are double bonded.
C)Two atoms of nitrogen are held together by hydrogen bonds.
D)Two atoms of nitrogen share three pairs of electrons.

Question 41

On the pH scale,which number has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?

A)pH 1
B)pH 7
C)pH 5
D)pH 10

Question 42

On average,blood pH is approximately:

A)7)1.
B)7)8.
C)7)6.
D)7)4.

Question 43

Ionic compounds dissociate in water into:

A)acids and bases.
B)polar and nonpolar substances.
C)electrolytes.
D)hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.

Question 44

Hydrochloric acid is a:

A)hydroxide ion donor.
B)proton acceptor.
C)hydrogen ion donor.
D)hydrogen ion acceptor.

Question 45

Which two organ systems work to correct pH imbalances in the body?

A)endocrine and nervous
B)digestive and respiratory
C)urinary and endocrine
D)respiratory and urinary

Question 46

Hydrolysis of a polymer will produce:

A)monomers.
B)enzymes.
C)electrolytes.
D)buffer.

Question 47

Select the simplest sugar:

A)glucose
B)starch
C)sucrose
D)lactose

Question 48

The monomer of the carbohydrates is the:

A)fatty acid.
B)nucleotide.
C)monosaccharide.
D)amino acid.

Question 49

Which pH represents a solution that has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?

A)pH 1
B)pH 10
C)pH 14
D)pH 7

Question 50

What is the effect of a buffer on a solution?

A)Buffer systems resist changes in blood pH.
B)Buffer systems allow the blood to become too basic.
C)Buffer systems allow hydrogen ions to accumulate in blood until acidosis is reached.
D)Buffer systems cause the blood pH to increase,then to decrease dramatically.

Question 51

Which pH represents a solution that releases 100 times less hydrogen ions than a pH of 9?

A)pH 12
B)pH 7
C)pH 11
D)pH 8

Question 52

When you soak dirty dishes in your kitchen sink,you allow the water to break apart the bonds of the food stuck to your plates.This type of reaction is known as:

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)neutralization.
C)anabolism.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 53

Which of the following represents the strongest acidic solution?

A)pH 4
B)pH 9
C)pH 6
D)pH 1

Question 54

What chemical binds free hydrogen ions in solution?

A)water
B)base
C)salt
D)acid

Question 55

Salts are held together by:

A)nonpolar covalent bonds.
B)polar covalent bonds.
C)single covalent bonds.
D)ionic bonds.

Question 56

What does the H in the pH scale represent?

A)concentration of H⁺ ions in solution
B)negative charge
C)heat
D)the negative logarithm

Question 57

What is the function of a buffer system?

A)Buffer systems absorb heat without changing temperature themselves.
B)Buffer systems prevent large swings in pH when an acid or base is added to a solution.
C)Buffer systems lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
D)Buffer systems act as a lubricant between two adjacent surfaces.

Question 58

What pH value represents a solution that releases 10 times more hydrogen ions than a pH of 7?

A)pH 8
B)pH 5
C)pH 6
D)pH 4

Question 59

A solution containing equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is:

A)neutral.
B)alkaline.
C)basic.
D)acidic.

Question 60

Single subunits that serve as the building blocks for organic compounds are termed:

A)reactants.
B)polymers.
C)monomers.
D)enzymes.

Question 61

The alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet are characteristic of:

A)primary protein structure.
B)secondary protein structure.
C)tertiary protein structure.
D)quaternary protein structure.

Question 62

A fatty acid that contains no double covalent bonds is:

A)monounsaturated.
B)hydrogenated.
C)polyunsaturated.
D)saturated.

Question 63

Amino acids are the monomers for:

A)carbohydrates.
B)nucleic acids.
C)proteins.
D)lipids.

Question 64

A long-lasting high fever is a concern for denaturation of:

A)enzymes.
B)saturated fats.
C)phospholipids.
D)glycogen.

Question 65

What makes RNA a unique nucleic acid?

A)RNA contains a nitrogenous base known as uracil.
B)RNA contains a sugar known as deoxyribose.
C)RNA is built from building blocks known as a nucleotide.
D)RNA is composed of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 66

What is the building block of a lipid?

A)glycogen
B)fatty acid
C)nucleic acid
D)glucose

Question 67

What group makes each amino acid unique?

A)carboxylic acid group
B)ammonia group
C)amino group
D)"R" group

Question 68

What type of polar covalent bond links amino acids?

A)peptide bond
B)amphiphilic bond
C)ketone bond
D)hydrophobic bond

Question 69

What forms the basis for the body's steroids?

A)testosterone
B)glucose
C)cholesterol
D)triglyceride

Question 70

Determine the atomic number of a neutral atom with 3 shells and 6 electrons in its valence shell.

Question 71

Glucose,galactose,and fructose have the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆ but have different arrangements of atoms.These sugars are:

A)polysaccharides.
B)isotopes.
C)disaccharides.
D)isomers.

Question 72

What is the octet rule?

Question 73

The main structural component of cell membranes is:

A)cholesterol.
B)phospholipids.
C)triglycerides.
D)steroids.

Question 74

Yuri is working with a chemical in lab.This chemical is composed of repetitive units that include a phosphate group,a nitrogenous base,and a sugar known as ribose.He is working with:

A)a lipid.
B)a protein.
C)a nucleic acid.
D)a carbohydrate.

Question 75

Which of the following fatty acid chains has the most double bonds?

A)monounsaturated fatty acid
B)polyunsaturated fatty acid
C)saturated fatty acid
D)glycerol

Question 76

Explain the difference between an inert atom and a reactive atom.

Question 77

Explain how to determine the atomic number and mass number for an atom.

Question 78

To make a gallon of lemonade,Emily mixed sugar with water until it dissolved.Did she create a solution,a suspension,or a colloid? Explain.

Question 79

Glucose and fructose are joined through dehydration synthesis to produce:

A)galactose.
B)sucrose.
C)lactose.
D)maltose.

Question 80

Is N₂ a molecule or a compound? Explain.