Deck 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the:

A)right leg.
B)right arm.
C)left leg.
D)left arm.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Where are pathogens filtered from lymph?

A)lacteals
B)spleen
C)tonsils
D)lymph nodes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the main role of macrophages present in the lymphatic tissues?

A)structure and support
B)form collagen fibers
C)phagocytosis
D)form structures of neurons

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT)include the:

A)kidneys.
B)spleen.
C)liver.
D)tonsils.

Question 5

Lymph traveling from the right arm will be filtered by:

A)mesenteric lymph nodes.
B)cervical lymph nodes.
C)axillary lymph nodes.
D)inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 6

Which organ generates a population of T cells capable of protecting the body from pathogens?

A)thymus
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)tonsils

Question 7

Which lymph trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs?

A)bronchomediastinal trunks
B)jugular trunks
C)intestinal trunks
D)subclavian trunks

Question 8

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as:

A)plasma.
B)interstitial fluid.
C)intracellular fluid.
D)lymph.

Question 9

The lymph ducts in the thoracic cavity drain into the:

A)external jugular veins.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)junction of the brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava.
D)junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein.

Question 10

All of the following are true statements EXCEPT:

A)The cells of lymphatic capillaries are tightly joined.
B)Lymphatic vessels belong to a one-way system that drains lymphatic capillaries.
C)Lymphatic vessels operate under low-pressure.
D)Lymph flow is driven in part by contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of lymph-collecting vessels.

Question 11

What best describes lymphatic capillaries?

A)transport blood
B)impermeable
C)extremely permeable
D)two-way circuit to and from the heart

Question 12

What vessels pick up excess extracellular fluid in the interstitial space and return it to circulation?

A)pulmonary veins
B)lymphatic vessels
C)jugular veins
D)coronary arteries

Question 13

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities?

A)appendix
B)Peyer's patches
C)lymph nodes
D)tonsils

Question 14

What do lacteals,located in the small intestine,collect?

A)fat
B)carbohydrates
C)intracellular fluid
D)blood

Question 15

What region of the lymph node contains many mature B cells?

A)trabeculae
B)medulla
C)cortex
D)capsule

Question 16

A sinus infection would most likely cause swollen:

A)axillary lymph nodes.
B)mesenteric lymph nodes.
C)inguinal lymph nodes.
D)cervical lymph nodes.

Question 17

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child,we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:

A)T lymphocytes (T cells).
B)neutrophils.
C)B lymphocytes (B cells).
D)eosinophils.

Question 18

What type of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)is located in the ileum (last portion)of the small intestine?

A)appendix
B)Peyer's patches
C)adenoid
D)tonsils

Question 19

What makes lymphatic vessels similar to the venous circuit of the cardiovascular system?

A)Both vessels have valves.
B)Both vessels have a thick tunica media.
C)Both vessels feed into capillary beds.
D)Both vessels operate under high pressure.

Question 20

What is the function of the red pulp of the spleen?

A)house leukocytes and dendritic cells
B)house macrophages that destroy old erythrocytes
C)filter pathogens from the blood
D)filter pathogens from lymph

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in innate immunity?

A)interferons
B)interleukins
C)opsonins
D)tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Question 22

What statement best describes the function of pyrogens?

A)Pyrogens cause the hypothalamic thermostat to reset to a higher range.
B)Pyrogens interfere with the ability of bacteria or viruses to infect other cells.
C)Pyrogens increase secretion of thymosin.
D)Pyrogens are potent vasodilators.

Question 23

What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?

A)heart
B)liver
C)kidney
D)spleen

Question 24

Mary's mosquito bite is red,warm,and swollen,indicating she is experiencing the effects of:

A)the inflammatory response.
B)tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
C)interleukins.
D)interferons.

Question 25

What of the following should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?

A)self antigens
B)immunogens
C)haptens bound with a protein carrier
D)major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules bound to antigens

Question 26

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells)for the immune system?

A)tonsil
B)thymus
C)liver
D)thyroid gland

Question 27

What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus?

A)cell-mediated immunity
B)innate immunity
C)specific immunity
D)adaptive immunity

Question 28

A patient has a high level of pyrogens,indicating that she:

A)has swollen lymph nodes.
B)has a fever.
C)has a sore throat.
D)is feeling achy.

Question 29

What are the primary cells of adaptive (specific)immunity?

A)cytokines
B)dendritic cells
C)natural killer (NK)cells
D)lymphocytes

Question 30

What type of non-phagocytic cell mediates inflammation?

A)natural killer (NK)cell
B)eosinophil
C)neutrophil
D)basophil

Question 31

Which of the following is a non-phagocytic cell?

A)eosinophil
B)macrophage
C)neutrophil
D)basophil

Question 32

Sheena's B lymphocytes (B cells)produced antibodies to protect her about 3- 5 days after she was exposed to a virus.What type of immunity do antibodies provide?

A)cell-mediated immunity
B)innate immunity
C)nonspecific immunity
D)acquired immunity

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?

A)Macrophages kill ingested pathogens with chemicals.
B)Macrophages secrete substances onto pathogens that are too large to ingest.
C)Macrophages serve as antigen-presenting cells.
D)Macrophages activate T lymphocytes (T cells).

Question 34

During the second stage of the inflammatory response,what do neutrophils accomplish when they migrate to areas of damaged tissue?

A)Neutrophils interfere with the ability of viruses or bacteria to infect other cells.
B)Neutrophils are potent vasodilators.
C)Neutrophils destroy bacteria and other cellular debris.
D)Neutrophils increase capillary permeability.

Question 35

A high level of pyrogens will reset the body temperature to a higher range by acting on the:

A)hypothalamus.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)pons.
D)thalamus.

Question 36

Surface barriers,such as cutaneous and mucous membranes,serve the immune system as the:

A)first line of defense.
B)second line of defense.
C)third line of defense.
D)fourth line of defense.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?

A)mucus
B)keratin
C)oil
D)antibody

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

A)redness
B)swelling (edema)
C)cold
D)pain

Question 39

How long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur?

A)3- 4 days
B)3- 4 minutes
C)3- 4 hours
D)3- 4 weeks

Question 40

What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens)they ingest on their plasma membranes?

A)antigen-presenting cells
B)eosinophils
C)natural killer (NK)cells
D)basophils

Question 41

Which antibody is NOT secreted by B cells in significant amounts?

A)IgM
B)IgD
C)IgG
D)IgE

Question 42

Which of the following are TRUE of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules?

A)Class I MHC molecules present exogenous antigens.
B)Class I MHC molecules are only present on erythrocyte surfaces.
C)Class I MHC molecules bind complement.
D)Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens.

Question 43

During the second phase of the antibody-mediated immune response,what is formed?

A)immunoglobulins
B)antigens
C)memory cells
D)agglutinogens

Question 44

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

A)antigen-presenting cells
B)dendritic cells
C)plasma cells
D)memory B cells

Question 45

What cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen?

A)B cells
B)MHC molecules
C)memory T cells
D)effector cells

Question 46

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

A)tonsils
B)thyroid gland
C)thymus
D)bone marrow

Question 47

Which of the following represent the five basic classes of antibodies?

A)IgA,IgB,IgC,IgD,and IgE
B)IgA,IgB,IgJ,IgL,and IgM
C)IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,and IgM
D)IgA,IgD,IgE,IgF,and IgK

Question 48

How many antigen-binding sites for antigens does each IgG antibody possess on its V regions?

A)6
B)4
C)1
D)2

Question 49

What part of an antibody is responsible for antigen recognition and binding?

A)heavy (H)chains
B)light (L)chains
C)constant (C)region
D)variable (V)regions

Question 50

Madison wants to give a kidney to her older sister.What type of organ transplant will this be?

A)allograft
B)autograft
C)isograft
D)xenograft

Question 51

What initiates T cell activation?

A)T cell activation begins when a T cell is ingested by a macrophage.
B)T cell activation begins when the T cell differentiates into effector cells and memory cells.
C)T cell activation begins with a dendritic cell processing and displaying antigen fragments on its MHC molecules.
D)T cell activation begins with the interaction of the T cell with other molecules on the cells called co-stimulators.

Question 52

What is a determinant for organ compatibility and rejection of transplants?

A)pyrogens
B)interleukins
C)perforins
D)major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules

Question 53

Which antibody is the only one capable of crossing the placenta from a pregnant woman to her developing fetus?

A)IgE
B)IgG
C)IgM
D)IgA

Question 54

B cells develop and mature in the:

A)thymus.
B)bone marrow.
C)liver.
D)lymph nodes.

Question 55

Activated B cells differentiate into:

A)plasma cells and effector cells.
B)antibodies and memory B cells.
C)effector cells and memory T cells.
D)plasma cells and memory B cells.

Question 56

Activated helper T (T_H)cells or cytotoxic T (T_C)cell clones differentiate into:

A)plasma cells and memory B cells.
B)effector cells and plasma cells.
C)memory B cells and memory T cells.
D)effector cells and memory T cells.

Question 57

Cells that help regulate the immune response are:

A)helper T (T_H)cells.
B)cytotoxic T (T_C)cells.
C)major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules.
D)CD8 cells.

Question 58

What protein,released by cytotoxic T (T_C)cells,perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA?

A)cytokines
B)interferons
C)perforins
D)interleukins

Question 59

Clonal selection occurs when:

A)B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.
B)plasma cells secrete antibodies.
C)B cells are activated.
D)B cells undergo rapid mitosis.

Question 60

Determine the first phase of the antibody-mediated immune response.

A)Antibody levels in the blood rise dramatically.
B)B cell clones recognize its specific antigen.
C)Memory cells react rapidly upon a second encounter with the antigen.
D)B cells should now be present in the body's fluids.

Question 61

Failure of the thymus to develop,low circulating levels of lymphocytes,and failure of cell-mediated immunity characterize:

A)antibody-mediated hypersensitivity.
B)severe-combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
C)human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).
D)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Question 62

Which immune response has a shorter lag phase in which more antibody levels peak more rapidly?

A)secondary immune response
B)primary immune response
C)inflammation response
D)passive immunity

Question 63

The clumping of cells that are cross-linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as:

A)neutralization.
B)opsonization.
C)precipitation.
D)agglutination.

Question 64

Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in:

A)type I,or immediate,hypersensitivity.
B)type II,or antibody-mediated,hypersensitivity.
C)type III,or immune-complex mediated,hypersensitivity.
D)type IV,or delayed-type,hypersensitivity.

Question 65

Lymph drains into the blood of the low-pressure venous circuit at the subclavian veins.

Question 66

Which of the following confers passive immunity?

A)vaccination
B)bacterial infection
C)breast milk
D)viral infection

Question 67

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit:

A)passive immunity.
B)severe allergic reaction.
C)a primary immune response.
D)a secondary immune response.

Question 68

Mrs.Sanchez had a great deal of inflammation after her recent surgery.The inflammation was triggered by the antibody known as:

A)IgD.
B)IgE.
C)IgM.
D)IgA.

Question 69

Lymph capillaries form a two-way system that moves lymph to and from the heart.

Question 70

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV-1 infection,when an individual is said to have AIDS?

A)helper T (T_H)cells
B)B cells
C)memory B cells
D)plasma cells

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

A)phagocytosis
B)neutralization
C)agglutination
D)opsonization

Question 72

Elevated levels of neutrophils indicate:

A)viral infection.
B)bacterial infection.
C)cancer.
D)normal condition.

Question 73

What cells play an extensive role as phagocytes in the eradication of bacteria?

A)neutrophils
B)memory B cells
C)eosinophils
D)basophils

Question 74

Cancer cells can suppress T cell activity by releasing:

A)pyrogens.
B)opsonins.
C)perforins.
D)cytokines.

Question 75

When a person has an autoimmune disorder,antibodies are secreted that bind to:

A)other antibodies.
B)immunoglobulins.
C)self antigens.
D)allergens.

Question 76

T cells and natural killer (NK)cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens,a function known as:

A)agglutination.
B)vaccination.
C)complement.
D)immune surveillance.

Question 77

What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection?

A)helper T (T_H)cell
B)memory B cell
C)natural killer (NK)cell
D)plasma cell

Question 78

What is occurring when an antibody renders bacterial toxins,viral proteins,or animal venom inactive?

A)neutralization
B)agglutination
C)opsonization
D)complement activation

Question 79

The primary immune response:

A)occurs after the first exposure to an antigen.
B)produces peak antibody levels rapidly (1- 3 days).
C)primarily involves the antibody IgG.
D)has a shorter lag phase than the secondary immune response.

Question 80

Type I,or immediate,hypersensitivity triggers plasma cells to secrete:

A)IgA.
B)IgM.
C)IgD.
D)IgE.