Deck 9: Youth Involvement and Positive Development in Sport

Question 1

Which theory of model suggests that children's opinions of themselves and subsequent motivation for sport are influenced by the children's perceptions of what significant others,such as coaches or parents,think of them?

A)The developmental model of sport participation
B)Achievement goal theory
C)The meditational model of global self- worth
D)Sport commitment theory
E)Self- determination theory

Answer 1

The meditational model of global self- worth

Question 2

People's motivation to stay involved in sport is largely influenced during .

A)adulthood
B)childhood
C)competitive sports
D)adolescence
E)high school

Answer 2

childhood

Question 3

Children who change soccer and basketball rules to suit their environment and their needs (for example,playing in the street,on a playing field,or in someone's backyard)are displaying which objective of youth sport?

A)Early specialization
B)Game competition
C)Deliberate practice
D)Deliberate competition
E)Deliberate play

Answer 3

Deliberate play

Question 4

A parent who provides firm parental direction for their child's choice of university sport experiences,but enough flexibility so that the athlete is given significant involvement in decision making,is an example of which of the following?

A)An underinvolved parent
B)A dissociated parent
C)An overinvolved parent
D)A moderately involved parent
E)Parental modeling

Question 5

The developmental model of sport participation emerged primarily from athletic data collected by what methodological approach?

A)Video footage
B)Physical testing
C)Observation
D)Questionnaires
E)Retrospective interviews

Question 6

An athlete participates in several sports with the primary goals being enjoyment and health and is involved in deliberate play and deliberate practice.The sport programs are flexible enough to adapt to individual interests and ages.Which sport participation trajectory is the athlete involved in?

A)Recreational participation through selection
B)Recreational participation through early specialization
C)Elite performance through early specialization
D)Elite performance through sampling
E)Recreational participation through sampling

Question 7

A coach who trains his athletes to improve their aerobic capacity for future games and is concerned with athletes improving in each performance is displaying which aspect of youth sport?

A)Deliberate competition
B)Deliberate practice
C)Relaxed leisure activities
D)Deliberate play
E)Early specialization

Question 8

A parent who provides comfort during times of stress and anxiety or expresses belief in the child's capabilities and competence is providing which dimension of parental behaviour associated with children's sport socialization,motivation,and behaviour?

A)Support
B)Expectations
C)Tangible
D)Companionship
E)Modeling

Question 9

Which of the following would not be considered a positive physical health outcome of youth sport?

A)Increased happiness
B)Cardiovascular fitness
C)Decreased risk of cancer
D)Weight control
E)Muscular strength

Question 10

At the age of thirteen,a soccer player commits only to that sport and engages primarily in deliberate practice.Which sport participation trajectory is the athlete involved in?

A)Elite performance through sampling
B)Recreational participation through selection
C)Recreational participation through early specialization
D)Recreational participation through sampling
E)Elite performance through early specialization

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative outcome of positive youth sport?

A)Social mobility
B)Eating disorders
C)Aggression
D)Burnout
E)Increased alcohol consumption

Question 12

A coach who provides quality technical instruction to athletes in a logical,sequential manner is helping influence what area of development?

A)Support of relationships
B)Psychological growth
C)Social competencies
D)Social skills
E)Motor skills

Question 13

Which one of the following is considered to be an external developmental asset?

A)Positive identity
B)Commitment to learning
C)Positive values
D)Social competencies
E)Support

Question 14

According to Statistics Canada,how many Canadian children aged 5 to 14 regularly take part in organized sports?

A)500,000
B)50,000
C)3 million
D)2 million
E)1 million

Question 15

Children's decisions to engage in particular activities,their intensity of effort expended in these activities,and their actual performance levels are often influenced by parental .

A)modeling
B)expectations
C)support
D)companionship
E)None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a constructive leisure activity?

A)Basketball
B)Ballet
C)Hanging out with friends
D)Painting
E)Playing the piano

Question 17

Which theory or model suggests that building a solid foundation of intrinsic motivation through involvement in activities that promote enjoyment (for example,deliberate play)is paramount in the development of highly motivated individuals?

A)Self- determination theory
B)The meditational model of global self- worth
C)Achievement goal theory
D)Sport commitment theory
E)The developmental model of sport participation

Question 18

What aspect of the team is a water- polo coach who places great emphasis on building self- esteem,decreasing anxiety,and having fun influencing?

A)Psychological growth
B)Support of relationships
C)Social skills
D)Appropriate structure
E)Motor development

Question 19

The most common reason for a child getting involved in sports is .

A)competition
B)exercise
C)winning
D)skill development
E)fun

Question 20

Collectively the five C's will lead to a sixth C,which is _ .

A)collaboration
B)consensus
C)clarity
D)contribution
E)community

Question 21

Describe the framework of positive youth development as proposed by Lerner,Fisher,and Weinberg (2000)by identifying and briefly commenting on the desired outcomes of youth development.

Question 22

Which one of the following is considered to be an internal developmental asset?

A)Commitment to learning
B)Empowerment
C)Constructive use of time
D)Support
E)Boundaries and expectations

Question 23

Within the developmental model of sport participation,during the sampling years coaches are primarily _ .

A)detached rather than highly involved
B)concerned with winning
C)focused on building skill rather than enjoyment
D)focused on deliberate practice
E)kind,supportive and encouraging

Question 24

Côté (2002)suggested coaches' influences on youth can be categorized into three main areas.Identify these areas and for each,give two examples (one positive,one negative)of coach behaviours.

Question 25

Describe the three objectives of youth sport.

Question 26

A coach who teaches sport skills sequentially and logically and provides constructive feedback to the players is displaying which feature of positive development settings?

A)Opportunities for skill building
B)Appropriate structure
C)Positive social norms
D)Support of efficacy and mattering
E)Opportunities to belong

Question 27

Briefly describe the three dimensions of parent behaviour associated with favorable children's sport socialization.

Question 28

A youth sport program that is child- centered and promotes empowerment and opportunities to experience various challenges is displaying which feature of positive development setting?

A)Support of appropriate structure
B)Physical and psychological safety
C)Support of relationships
D)Positive social norms
E)Support of efficacy and mattering

Question 29

Briefly explain the three trajectories proposed in the developmental model of sport participation.

Question 30

Power and Woolger (1994)found that children had the highest levels of enthusiasm for swimming when their parents displayed _ expectations.

A)unrealistic
B)no
C)low
D)high
E)intermediate

Question 31

An athlete who has developed strong friendships through participating in youth sports has experienced which of the 5 C's of positive youth development?

A)Confidence
B)Caring (compassion)
C)Character
D)Connection
E)Competence

Question 32

Which theory or model would help explain why a teenager who is competing in a wrestling match is more concerned with placing better than his friend and places more emphasis on winning than improvement?

A)Achievement goal theory
B)Self- determination theory
C)The meditational model of global self- worth
D)The developmental model of sport participation
E)Sport commitment theory

Question 33

Contrast deliberate play and deliberate practice and each one's relationship to early specialization.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a positive social development outcome of youth sport?

A)Decreased school dropout
B)Citizenship
C)Leadership skills
D)Enhanced adult career achievement
E)Decreased risk of diabetes

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the five "best practices" that sport programmers and coaches should integrate into their programs?

A)Psycho- social development
B)An inclusive focus
C)High levels of competition at an early age
D)Opportunity for fun
E)Task- oriented motivational climate

Question 36

List any six of the eight features of settings that are most likely to foster positive assets in youths.

Question 37

A ten- year- old female who solely participates in the sport of swimming and trains up to eighteen hours per week is complaining of muscle soreness and is frequently injured.From a health perspective,what type of training has there probably been too great an emphasis placed on?

A)Early specialization and deliberate play
B)Deliberate practice and early specialization
C)Deliberate outcome and deliberate practice
D)Deliberate practice and deliberate play
E)Deliberate play and deliberate outcome

Question 38

Identify at least three positive outcomes from each category of physical health,psychological development,and social development that could result from the involvement in youth sport.