Deck 4: Perception

Question 1

Which is not one of the three categories of attribution?

A) Consensus
B) Congruency
C) Distinctiveness
D) Consistency

Answer 1

B
Explanation:B) The three categories of internal and external attributions are consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

Question 2

Why should a manager work to understand perceptions?

A) Improve decision making
B) Reduce conflict
C) Create normative perspectives
D) Better utilize heuristics

Answer 2

A
Explanation:A) A manager would be interested in making better decisions and this is a benefit of understanding perceptions, perceptual errors, and perceptual limits.

Question 3

A stereotype is a type of ________.

A) Threat
B) Error
C) Shortcut
D) Discrimination

Answer 3

C
Explanation:C) Stereotypes group things and people into categories because we can't evaluate everyone and everything differently.

Question 4

You have just finished presenting your development plan for an innovative new product to your management team. You wanted to make sure that everything was communicated clearly so you used PowerPoint on the projector, distributed hard copies of the presentation to everyone, and made sure you included all critical numeric information on the slides instead of reporting some stats orally. You really think you have done a good job catering to the different learning and attention styles of your management team, so it is likely that management will approve your plan. Given your extensive preparations, which of the following should you expect after your presentation?

A) The managers will understand what you have conveyed but not approve your plan
B) The managers will understand what you have conveyed and approve your plan
C) The managers will understand what you have conveyed and approve your plan after some changes are made
D) Everyone who attended the presentation, yourself and each manager included, will understand what you have conveyed slightly differently

Question 5

During the annual company picnic, a "friendly" debate erupts over who performed best in the ultimate Frisbee game played at last year's picnic. The battle lines are drawn between departments, and everyone insists the best performance was demonstrated by those in their own departments. What might be the root cause of this debate?

A) Selective perception
B) Halo effect
C) Performance bias
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

What are the dimensions of attribution?

A) Internal, external
B) Intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, organizational
C) Individual, group, organizational
D) Credit, blame

Question 7

What concept describes overestimating bias in others' decisions and underestimating the bias in our own decisions?

A) Self-serving bias
B) Hindsight bias
C) Selective perception
D) Bias blind spot

Question 8

What do our perceptions consist of?

A) Our experience combined with current stimuli
B) Our current reality
C) The stimuli that surrounds us
D) A portion of the stimuli that surrounds us

Question 9

What type of bias could occur if an HR manager hires the candidate who attended the same university they did?

A) Stereotyping
B) In-group favoritism
C) Halo effect
D) Horns effect

Question 10

What is the first step to using the self-fulfilling prophecy to improve your mentee's sales performance?

A) Attend training about sales and perceptions and tell your mentee about it
B) Dedicate more time to develop your mentee's professional image, focusing on their behavior and attire
C) You can't start a self-fulfilling prophecy to improve someone else's sales performance
D) Since your expectations of your mentee's sales skills will form your behavior toward them, you should increase your expectations about their sales capabilities and skills

Question 11

What is a benefit of not perceiving all stimuli in your environment?

A) You can think about other things while listening to your manager speak
B) You can interpret relevant things and only perceive them
C) You would be overwhelmed by perceiving everything
D) You can always focus your attention on the most important things

Question 12

One of your coworkers is chronically late arriving at work, returning from lunch, and coming to meetings, but interestingly they are never late to leave at the end of the workday. What attribution will you make?

A) Internal
B) External
C) Consistency
D) Consensus

Question 13

What would result from a manager expecting high performance from his subordinates using the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) Performance is objectively higher
B) Decision making is improved
C) The impact of perceptual biases is reduced
D) Eliminate the self-serving bias

Question 14

You attribute a subordinate's chronic tardiness to internal factors. What category describes their behavior?

A) Consensus
B) Poor time management
C) Consistency
D) Distinctiveness

Question 15

What does the process of attribution describe?

A) Behavior of others
B) Behavior of self
C) Assigning credit or blame
D) Categorizing by level and dimension

Question 16

What would you perceive as novel and distinct?

A) Your 75-year-old OB teacher driving a yellow Hummer
B) Someone carrying an umbrella on a rainy day
C) Cars that are the same color as yours
D) The perception of distinctiveness is based on behavioral factors

Question 17

How long has research found first impressions last?

A) Less than an hour of interaction
B) Until new perceptions conflict with the initial judgments
C) Until the person joins your in-group
D) Initial judgments persist for months

Question 18

Which is not part of the process of perception?

A) Organize and interpret information
B) Create response to stimuli
C) Identify and/or create patterns in information
D) Select and attend to some, but not all, stimuli

Question 19

How quickly will someone you first encounter make multiple judgments about you?

A) Less than a second
B) One minute
C) Five minutes
D) It depends on the context

Question 20

What is the similarity between perceptions and heuristics?

A) Their underlying purpose
B) They rely on incomplete information
C) They can be improved through training
D) They can be used interchangeably

Question 21

Which of the following can be used to more effectively manage the perceptual process?

A) Critical reflection process
B) Perception and attribution
C) Selective attention and perception
D) Self-serving bias

Question 22

What should you do if you want to manage your process of perception?

A) Critical reflection
B) Engage in the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Explain to others that all perceptions are biased
D) Improve your decision making

Question 23

What process in the second stage of the critical reflection process helps you to evaluate the validity of your perceptions?

A) Self-analysis
B) Self-reflection
C) Experiential analysis
D) Consultation

Question 24

As a manager, could you use the self-fulfilling prophecy to improve your subordinate's performance? Why or why not?

Question 25

Which of the following is not a stage in the critical reflection process?

A) Identifying the influence of values and beliefs
B) Aligning new behaviors with values
C) Determining different possibilities
D) Considering behaviors needed to achieve future goals