Deck 10: The Muscular System: the Axial Musculature

Question 1

Figure 10.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the I band.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 10.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the endomysium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This type of muscle contains intercalated discs.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and uterus.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 5

Both single-unit smooth muscle and this type of muscle have gap junctions.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 6

Both cardiac muscle and this type of muscle are called involuntary.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 7

This type of muscle includes the fast oxidative fibers.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 8

This type of muscle is found in large vessels leading to and from the heart.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 9

This type of muscle is found in the heart.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 10

Figure 10.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
This indicates an individual fascicle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 10.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the thin (actin) filament.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

The ʺcellsʺ of both skeletal muscle and this muscle type are correctly called muscle fibers.

A) serous muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 13

Figure 10.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the muscle fiber.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

This type of muscle attaches to bone, but may also attach to skin, cartilage, fascia or a raphe.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 15

Figure 10.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
This structure is composed entirely of dense regular connective tissue and connects bone to muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

A cell of this type of muscle is striated and can be uninucleated or binucleated.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 17

Figure 10.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the thick (myosin) filament.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 10.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
This structure is the basic unit of contraction.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 10.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the titin filament.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 10.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the epimysium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Eccentric contraction

A) generates force without changing the length of the muscle.
B) shortens the muscle.
C) pulls the insertion toward the origin.
D) generates force as the muscle lengthens.

Question 22

The embryonic origin of muscle tissue is from

A) ectoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) epidermis.

Question 23

Which statement about muscle attachments is false?

A) At least one joint is present between an origin and insertion.
B) Insertions are usually distal to the origin.
C) An insertion can be at either attachment point of a muscle, depending on body position and the movement being performed.
D) Upon contraction, the origin is pulled toward the insertion.

Question 24

Much of the natural elasticity of skeletal muscle tissue is provided by

A) tendons.
B) myosin.
C) actin.
D) connective tissue sheaths.

Question 25

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) stores

A) myosin.
B) sodium.
C) ATPase.
D) calcium.

Question 26

The biceps and the deltoid muscle are of this type.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 27

A common characteristic of the three types of muscle tissue is that

A) they all have striations.
B) contraction is triggered by the release of calcium.
C) they can all use aerobic and anaerobic methods to utilize energy.
D) they all contain sarcomeres.

Question 28

Visceral muscle refers to

A) smooth muscle only.
B) cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
C) skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
D) skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.

Question 29

An aponeurosis

A) is a type of direct attachment of muscle to bone.
B) is the junction between the axon terminus of a neuron to an individual muscle fiber.
C) connects a muscle to underlying structures through a flat sheet or web.
D) consists of a neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 30

Titin

A) prevents a muscle from being overstretched.
B) connects myosin to actin.
C) forms the Z disk to which actin attaches.
D) limits the degree to which a muscle may contract.

Question 31

Contractions of these muscles are under voluntary control.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 32

Which of these is not in direct contact with thick myofilaments?

A) myosin
B) ATPase
C) actin
D) synaptic vesicles

Question 33

Delayed-onset muscle soreness is caused by

A) accumulation of lactic acid.
B) overnight cramps that occur after strenuous exercise.
C) microscopic tears and resulting inflammation.
D) depletion of ATP during prolonged activity.

Question 34

This type of muscle, along with cardiac muscle, is called visceral muscle.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 35

This type of muscle composes the largest share of muscle weight in the human body.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 36

This type of muscle may be affected by rhabdomyolysis.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

Question 37

As skeletal muscles enlarge in a weight lifter, all of the following occur except

A) myofibrils become more abundant in the muscle cells.
B) muscle cells grow larger.
C) muscle cells divide mitotically.
D) myofilaments become more abundant in the muscle cells.

Question 38

Sarcopenia is

A) a decrease in the amount of actin in the muscle fiber.
B) a decrease in the muscleʹs need for energy.
C) a decrease in the amount of sarcolemma in the muscle fiber.
D) the loss of muscle mass with age.

Question 39

Sarcoplasmic reticulum lies

A) between muscles but in myofilaments.
B) between myofibrils but in fibers.
C) between fibers but in myofilaments.
D) between fascicles but outside fibers.

Question 40

Which of the following correctly defines a triad of the sarcomere?

A) actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
B) a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisterns
C) an axon terminal, synaptic cleft, and sarcolemma
D) actin, myosin, and titin

Question 41

The area that contains no thin filaments is known as the

A) A band.
B) H zone.
C) I band.
D) intercalated disc.

Question 42

When the distance between two adjacent Z disks grows shorter, the muscle fiber is experiencing

A) isometric contraction.
B) concentric contraction.
C) relaxation.
D) eccentric contraction.

Question 43

Which type of muscle fiber has no myofibrils?

A) red
B) skeletal
C) smooth
D) cardiac

Question 44

Which region of the sarcomere does not change in length during contraction?

A) Z disk to Z disk
B) I band
C) A band
D) H zone

Question 45

The type of attachment in which the muscle fibers seem to attach directly to a bone is

A) an aponeurosis.
B) a tendon.
C) an insertion.
D) a fleshy attachment.

Question 46

Myoglobin

A) is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) provides energy for contraction.
C) binds and stores oxygen for ATP production.
D) is found within the T tubules.

Question 47

Which type of muscle fiber has caveolae but no T tubules?

A) white
B) cardiac
C) skeletal
D) smooth

Question 48

With intense resistance training,

A) fast oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers.
B) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.
C) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers.
D) fast glycolytic fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.

Question 49

The ability of the sarcolemma of muscle cells to conduct an impulse is an example of

A) excitability.
B) contractility.
C) extensibility.
D) elasticity.

Question 50

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type containing the most glycogen granules is

A) fast oxidative fibers.
B) slow glycolytic fibers.
C) slow oxidative fibers.
D) fast glycolytic fibers.

Question 51

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type with the most mitochondria is

A) fast oxidative fibers.
B) slow glycolytic fibers.
C) fast glycolytic fibers.
D) slow oxidative fibers.

Question 52

The sleevelike tubular network within skeletal muscle cells is the

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B) myofibrils.
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D) T tubules.

Question 53

The characteristic of muscle tissue that results more from its connective tissue components than from its muscle cells is

A) elasticity.
B) contractility.
C) excitability.
D) extensibility.

Question 54

Which protein strengthens the sarcolemma by connecting the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix?

A) dystrophin
B) titin
C) myosin
D) actin

Question 55

Age-related loss of muscle mass may be influenced by all of these except:

A) degeneration of muscle fibers because of accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm.
B) exhaustion of the supply of muscle satellite cells.
C) an increase in the relative proportion of connective tissue to number of muscle fibers.
D) decrease in the level of testosterone.

Question 56

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is

A) fast oxidative fibers.
B) fast glycolytic fibers.
C) slow glycolytic fibers.
D) slow oxidative fibers.

Question 57

In limbs, the insertions of muscles almost always lie to their origins.

A) posterior
B) lateral
C) distal
D) proximal

Question 58

The only muscle cells that branch are muscle cells.

A) red
B) cardiac
C) skeletal
D) smooth

Question 59

Myofascial pain syndrome is best described as a condition in which

A) microscopic tears in muscle fibers result in swelling and inflammation.
B) pain occurs in at least 11 of 18 standardized points across the body.
C) muscle fibers degenerate because of chronic leakage of extracellular calcium.
D) muscle fibers contract when the skin superficial to them is stroked.

Question 60

Acetylcholine

A) binds to the myosin head, enabling it to form cross-bridges with actin.
B) is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to actin.
C) breaks down the neurotransmitter that activates muscle fibers.
D) binds to the sarcolemma and initiates an impulse in the muscle fiber.

Question 61

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers most resistant to fatigue are

A) slow oxidative fibers.
B) fast glycolytic fibers.
C) fast oxidative fibers.
D) slow glycolytic fibers.

Question 62

What causes a strain or muscle pull?

A) pain in a muscle due to any muscle disorder
B) a tear in a muscle
C) a sudden involuntary spasm of a muscle
D) a tear in a tendon

Question 63

Of the three classes of muscle cells, the only one in which the nuclei lie peripherally instead of centrally is

A) smooth.
B) skeletal.
C) cardiac.
D) visceral.

Question 64

In skeletal muscle fibers, which band or zone contains both thick and thin myofilaments?

A) A
B) I
C) H
D) Z

Question 65

Muscle tissue can be characterized as being excitable and elastic, but not extensible.

Question 66

One of the largest and strongest muscles in the body is the gluteus maximus in the buttocks, which is important in these diverse muscular activities: walking, running, and climbing stairs. It must consist of

A) fast oxidative fibers only.
B) slow oxidative fibers only.
C) a mixture of fiber types.
D) fast glycolytic fibers only.

Question 67

In striated muscle, the I band is where

A) thin filaments occur.
B) H zones occur.
C) only thick filaments occur.
D) thick and thin filaments occur.

Question 68

Of the surrounding connective tissues of the muscle, the endomysium is the most superficial.

Question 69

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the ones with the thinnest myofibrils are

A) slow oxidative fibers.
B) fast glycolytic fibers.
C) fast oxidative fibers.
D) slow glycolytic fibers.

Question 70

An aponeurosis is

A) a sheet of dense connective tissue.
B) a nerve to a muscle.
C) clinical pain in a muscle.
D) a large muscle.

Question 71

In striated muscle cells, which of these structures stores calcium ions that trigger contraction?

A) T tubules
B) the internal surface of the plasma membrane
C) the myofibrils
D) the terminal cisterns

Question 72

After a muscle fiber has contracted, the calcium

A) is destroyed.
B) is actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) is chemically bound to the myofilaments.
D) is secreted by the Golgi apparatus.

Question 73

In muscular dystrophy,

A) most forms of the disease do not appear to be inherited.
B) muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy.
C) muscles decrease in size because of loss of fat and connective tissue.
D) most cases appear in young females.

Question 74

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the ones supplied by the most capillaries are

A) slow oxidative fibers.
B) fast glycolytic fibers.
C) fast oxidative fibers.
D) slow glycolytic fibers.

Question 75

Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleate, because they arose from a number of embryonic cells.

Question 76

Muscle tissue is endowed with all of the following properties except

A) contractibility.
B) extensibility.
C) transmissibility.
D) excitability.

Question 77

Skeletal muscle is responsible for movements of the appendages, but not the abdomen.

Question 78

The origin of a muscle can also be an insertion, depending on the position of the body and the movement being performed.

Question 79

A muscle fascicle is

A) a single muscle cell.
B) a tendon.
C) a bundle of myofilaments.
D) a bundle of cells.

Question 80

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers that experience fatigue sooner are

A) slow oxidative fibers.
B) fast glycolytic fibers.
C) fast oxidative fibers.
D) slow glycolytic fibers.