Deck 16: Heath-Related Disorder and Pediatric Psychology

Question 1

Ben is a 9-year-old boy with obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following might be an effective method of treatment for Ben?

A) Medication.
B) Supportive psychotherapy.
C) Surgery.
D) Behavior therapy.

Answer 1

Surgery

Question 2

What is the difference between primary and secondary enuresis?

A) Children with primary enuresis have never been able to stay dry through the night.
B) Children with primary enuresis have an underlying medical disorder that accounts for their problem.
C) Children with primary enuresis have no other existing mental disorders.
D) Children with primary enuresis do not also have encopresis.

Answer 2

Children with primary enuresis have never been able to stay dry through the night

Question 3

The disability stress and coping model (DSC) assumes that children's ability to cope with a medical illness depends on….

A) The severity of their illness and the limitations in places on their social, emotional, and educational functioning.
B) The support they perceive coming from their family and friends.
C) Risk and resilience factors in the family.
D) Their parents' ways of coping.

Answer 3

Risk and resilience factors in the family

Question 4

Gracie is a 16-year-old girl who is experiencing problems falling sleep at night. She thinks to herself, "My boyfriend was supposed to call me tonight, but he didn't. Maybe something is wrong? Maybe I said something to make hum angry?" Gracie's thinking illustrate the cognitive error called ___.

A) Catastrophizing.
B) Selective abstraction.
C) Dichotomous thinking.
D) Personalization.

Question 5

The most rapid form of treatment for infants and toddlers with sleep refusal is ___.

A) Overcorrection with positive practice.
B) Planned ignoring.
C) Scheduled wakings.
D) Bedtime fading.

Question 6

According to DSM-5, enuresis should not be diagnosed until ___, whereas encopresis should not be diagnosed until ___.

A) Age 3 or older; age 2 or older
B) Age 5 or older; age 4 or older
C) Age 6 or older; age 6 or older
D) Age 8 or older; age 6 or older

Question 7

Arginine vasopressin (AVP)….

A) Is a medication administered to children with enuresis to reduce nighttime wetting.
B) Is a medical condition that often causes monosymptomatic primary enuresis.
C) Is a neurotransmitter that regulates serotonin and nighttime wetting.
D) Is a hormone that concentrates urine and reduces urine production.

Question 8

What is a main difference between Sleep Arousal Disorders and Nightmare Disorder?

A) Sleep arousal disorders are often associated with other psychological problems, whereas Nightmare Disorder is not.
B) Sleep arousal disorders are often associated with underlying medical problems, whereas Nightmare Disorder is not.
C) Sleep arousal disorders occur during deep sleep, whereas Nightmare Disorder occurs during REM sleep.
D) Older children usually experience sleep arousal disorders, whereas younger children usually experience Nightmare Disorder.

Question 9

Group therapy is often recommended to help children cope with a chronic medical illness. Based on the results of a recent meta-analysis, what can we conclude about the effectiveness of group therapy for children with medical disorders?

A) Group therapy is less effective than individual therapy tailored to the child's individual needs.
B) Group therapy can be harmful if children share incorrect information to each other.
C) Group therapy that focuses on children's problem-solving skills is most effective.
D) Group therapy that focuses on providing children with facts about the illness is most effective.

Question 10

Many over-the-counter medications used for insomnia act on receptors for GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. These medications, which include zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta) are known as ___.

A) Alpha-agonists.
B) Barbiturates.
C) Antihistamines.
D) Benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

Question 11

Most instances of encopresis are caused by….

A) Constipation
B) Oppositional-defiant behavior
C) Anxiety or depression
D) Lack of consistent toilet training

Question 12

Vanessa is an 8-year-old girl with Cystic Fibrosis. Her pediatric psychologist, Dr. Blackburn, might help Vanessa by….

A) Helping her adhere to exercises to clear foreign particles from her lungs.
B) Helping her adopt a diet that decreases the frequency or severity of gastrointestinal problems.
C) Teaching coping strategies to decrease chronic pain, especially in the muscles and joints.
D) Monitor her blood sugar.

Question 13

Dr. Hendricks is a pediatric psychologist who helps children recently diagnosed with cancer cope with their diagnosis and learn about their illness. She also addresses the questions and concerns of the family members of these children. Which of the following terms best describes Dr. Hendricks' professional role?

A) Adherence
B) Psychotherapy
C) Liaison
D) Consultation

Question 14

The first-line treatment for most instances of nocturnal enuresis is…

A) Cleanliness training.
B) Overlearning with positive practice.
C) Urine alarm.
D) Retention control training.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios most closely describes an adolescent with Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder?

A) Jessica has difficulty doing to sleep in New York the night she returned from her vacation in Hawaii.
B) Since beginning high school, Kate has problems waking up for her first class at 8:00AM and has difficulty falling sleep before 1:00AM.
C) Lexi stays up very late on weekends and has a hard time waking on Monday morning.
D) Meredith has problems waking in the morning during the winter, because of limited exposure to sunlight.