Deck 3: Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Which statement is true about the way drugs and receptor sites work?

A)The drug attaches to a receptor site and activates it.
B)The drug prevents activation of the receptor site.
C)The receptor site is activated, allowing DNA replication to occur.
D)The receptor sites are activated once the drug leaves the receptor site.

Answer 1

The drug attaches to a receptor site and activates it.

Question 2

You give a patient 400 mg of an oral drug at noon. This drug has a half-life of 2 h. At what time will 100 mg remain?

A)2:00 p.m.
B)6:00 p.m.
C)8:00 p.m.
D)4:00 p.m.

Answer 2

4:00 p.m.

Question 3

What information should be included in the teaching plan for a young woman who has begun on a 10-day course of oral antibiotic therapy for an infection?

A)Antibiotics can mask the signs of allergic reactions.
B)Antibiotics interfere with P-450 enzyme pathways in women.
C)Antibiotics can have a synergistic effect when given with opiates.
D)Antibiotics interact with birth control pills making them less effective.

Answer 3

Antibiotics interact with birth control pills making them less effective.

Question 4

What is the process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

A)Diffusion
B)Osmosis
C)Filtration
D)Solubility

Question 5

A patient who is beginning a new cholesterol-lowering drug tells you he plans to take this drug in the evening with his usual glass of grapefruit juice. What is your best response?

A)"The vitamin C in grapefruit juice enhances the action of cholesterol-lowering drugs."
B)"The acid environment of grapefruit juice promotes drug metabolism."
C)"Taking grapefruit juice can reduce the effectiveness of the drug."
D)"Taking grapefruit juice can increase the absorption of the drug."

Question 6

Which statement concerning absorption of oral drugs is true for neonates?

A)Oral prodrugs are activated most quickly in the neonate.
B)Oral drugs are poorly absorbed for the gastrointestinal tract of the neonate.
C)The overall low body metabolism results in increased toxicity in the neonate.
D)The high percentage of total body water rapidly dilutes oral drugs in the neonate.

Question 7

Which is always true regarding the generic name for a drug?

A)It is the same in any country.
B)It is capitalized when written.
C)It is similar to the chemical name.
D)It is assigned by a specific manufacturer.

Question 8

A patient who was given intravenous penicillin for a severe infection develops hives, itching, and facial swelling immediately after the infusion. What type of drug reaction is this patient experiencing?

A)An adverse reaction
B)A paradoxical reaction
C)An anaphylactic reaction
D)A hypersensitivity reaction

Question 9

Probenecid is sometimes given to patients taking penicillin to increase the amount of penicillin absorbed. Which effect is this an example of?

A)Additive effect
B)Drug interaction
C)Synergistic effect
D)Antagonistic effect

Question 10

What response would you expect in a patient given a drug that is considered an antagonist?

A)Positive and negative activation of cell receptors
B)A complete activation of cell receptors
C)A partial activation of cell receptors
D)No activation of cell receptors

Question 11

A 62-year old male patient with liver disease asks you why he is receiving a drug intravenously rather than by mouth. What is your best response?

A)"Many oral drugs are inactivated as you get older."
B)"Your liver disease impairs the transformation of a drug into its active form."
C)"Intravenous drugs reduce toxicity to the liver through first-pass metabolism."
D)"Individuals with liver disease have a genetic impairment that prevents drug activation."

Question 12

You are giving an oral drug to a patient who asks you to explain the reason for taking water with a tablet. What is your best response?

A)"Water is important for proper metabolism."
B)"Juice or milk can keep it from dissolving."
C)"Water helps to dissolve the drug."
D)"Water keeps the drug potent."

Question 13

A patient has been prescribed an antianxiety drug to be taken in the evening. He tells you he has 2 to 3 beers with dinner each night. What is your best response?

A)"The effect of alcohol on this drug is not a concern."
B)"Limit your alcohol use to 8 ounces a day with a meal."
C)"Eating a full meal before taking the drug will negate any side effects."
D)"Drinking any alcohol with this drug can have a harmful additive effect."

Question 14

You are caring for a patient with liver failure who will be starting on an anticoagulant for the treatment of a deep vein thrombosis. What effect of this drug should you expect?

A)The effect of the anticoagulant will be prolonged and pose a risk for bleeding.
B)The effect of the anticoagulant will be reduced, requiring additional doses.
C)The effect of the anticoagulant will result in an increased risk for infection.
D)There will be no effect of the anticoagulant on the deep vein thrombosis.

Question 15

A patient tells you that she is experiencing sleepiness after taking a drug prescribed for back pain. What is your best response?

A)"You are having a severe drug interaction."
B)"You are having an expected drug side effect."
C)"You are having the desired effect of this drug."
D)"You are having an idiosyncratic response to this drug".

Question 16

What is the difference between the generic and the trade names of drugs?

A)The generic name is approved and owned by the Federal Drug Standards Committee.
B)The generic name represents the proprietary name given by a drug company.
C)The trade name is one that is registered to a specific drug manufacturer.
D)The trade name, or chemical name, represents the chemicals in the drug.

Question 17

When teaching a patient about a new drug that has been prescribed, the patient asks you to explain the difference between a side effect and an adverse reaction. What is your best response?

A)Both side effects and adverse reactions are mild.
B)Both side effects and adverse reactions are severe.
C)Side effects are mild, and adverse effects are severe.
D)Side effects are severe, and adverse reactions are mild.

Question 18

You are giving an oral drug to a patient. For this drug to be utilized by the body, which mechanism is the first to be involved in that process?

A)Excretion
B)Absorption
C)Metabolism
D)Distribution

Question 19

A patient is given a drug that is a known agonist. How would you expect this drug to work?

A)This drug works by attaching to the receptor site to activate it.
B)This drug works by deactivation of all cellular receptor sites.
C)This drug works to partially block receptor sites.
D)This drug works by interacting with other drugs.

Question 20

Which drug route would you expect to be the most rapidly absorbed?

A)Subcutaneous injection
B)Intravenous injection
C)Rectal suppository
D)Sublingual tablet

Question 21

Which of the following issues related to drug therapy in the older patient are true? (Select all that apply.)

A)Drugs are secreted more slowly in older patients.
B)Drug interactions are far less prevalent in older patients.
C)Adverse drug reactions are more common in older patients.
D)Dehydration can cause the blood level of drug to increase in older patients.
E)Fat-soluble drugs are eliminated, and leave the body quickly in older patients.
F)Loss of electrolytes due to diuretics can result in loss of electrolytes in older patients.

Question 22

What are the possible responses a patient can have to a drug's actions? (Select all that apply.)

A)Desired action
B)Bioequivalence
C)Adverse effects
D)Side effects
E)Half-life
F)Onset

Question 23

Which of the following routes are sites of excretion of drug metabolites from the body? (Select all that apply.)

A)Feces
B)Urine
C)Breast milk
D)Bloodstream
E)Lymph nodes
F)Salivary glands

Question 24

Which of the following factors are known to influence drug distribution? (Select all that apply.)

A)Tissue type
B)Drug binding
C)Tissue perfusion
D)Receptor site binding
E)Electron displacement
F)Cell membrane penetration