Deck 18: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called

A)pulmonary ventilation
B)internal respiration
C)external respiration
D)expiration
E)inspiration

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following lists a correct order in which inhaled air sequentially moves through the structures of the respiratory passageway?

A)pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
B)larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
C)trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
D)pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
E)pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following are components of the respiratory zone of the lower respiratory system?

A)larynx
B)trachea
C)terminal bronchioles
D)alveolar ducts
E)both terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The exchange of gases between the air spaces (alveoli)of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries, where the blood gains O₂ and loses CO₂, is called

A)internal respiration
B)osmosis
C)external respiration
D)homeostasis
E)buoyancy ventilation

Question 5

The palatine tonsils are found in the

A)nasopharynx
B)oropharynx
C)laryngopharynx
D)larynx
E)nasal cavity

Question 6

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left sides by the

A)external nares
B)internal nares
C)nasal conchae
D)nasal septum
E)paranasal sinuses

Question 7

Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is commonly called the Adam's apple?

A)thyroid cartilage
B)epiglottis
C)cricoid cartilage
D)arytenoid cartilage
E)laryngopharynx

Question 8

Exerting greater air pressure on the true vocal cords leads to

A)a higher pitch sound.
B)a lower volume sound.
C)a higher volume sound.
D)a lower pitch sound.
E)no change in sound.

Question 9

The nasal cavity is lined with

A)stratified columnar epithelium
B)transitional epithelium
C)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)simple squamous epithelium
E)simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium

Question 10

The openings to the auditory (Eustachian)tubes are located in the

A)larynx
B)fauces
C)oropharynx
D)nasopharynx
E)laryngopharynx

Question 11

Which of the following is a part of the upper respiratory system?

A)lungs
B)bronchi
C)trachea
D)pharynx
E)larynx

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT belong to the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

A)respiratory bronchioles
B)terminal bronchioles
C)bronchi
D)nose
E)pharynx

Question 13

Which of the labeled respiratory organs in the given diagram represents the larynx?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)A
E)D

Question 14

Histamine is a mediator of allergic reactions that causes

A)no effect on bronchioles.
B)bronchoconstriction.
C)bronchodilation.
D)smooth muscle spasm.
E)vasoconstriction of pulmonary capillaries.

Question 15

The respiratory zone of the respiratory system consists of tissues that facilitate

A)air filtration.
B)gas exchange between air and blood.
C)passage of air into the lungs.
D)moistening of the air inside the lungs.
E)sound production.

Question 16

The _____ of the respiratory system consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs that filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct air into the lungs.

A)conducting zone
B)dorsal respiratory group
C)orbitofrontal cortex
D)respiratory zone
E)ossification center

Question 17

The nasal cavity connects to the pharynx through two openings called the

A)nasal septa
B)nasal conchae
C)paranasal sinuses
D)external nares
E)internal nares

Question 18

The C-shaped rings that provide support for the wall of the trachea are made out of

A)hyaline cartilage
B)elastic cartilage
C)fibrocartilage
D)reticular connective tissue
E)bone

Question 19

The painful breathing experienced by someone with pleurisy is caused by

A)excessive bronchoconstriction.
B)excessive bronchodilation.
C)friction between the swollen pleural membranes.
D)histamine release leading to pulmonary edema.
E)parasympathetic stimulation of nociceptors.

Question 20

The false vocal cords

A)aid in the production of low pitch sound.
B)are located in the lower larynx.
C)produce the highest volume sounds.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 21

Most oxygen in the blood is transported as

A)deoxyhemoglobin
B)gas dissolved in plasma
C)oxyhemoglobin
D)carboxyhemoglobin
E)carbaminohemoglobin

Question 22

Which of the following regions of the bronchial tree divides to form multiple alveolar ducts?

A)secondary bronchioles
B)respiratory bronchioles
C)tertiary bronchioles
D)terminal bronchioles
E)alveolar sacs

Question 23

The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation is the

A)tidal volume
B)residual volume
C)inspiratory reserve volume
D)expiratory reserve volume
E)minute volume of respiration

Question 24

Painful or labored breathing is referred to as

A)rhinitis
B)apnea
C)dyspnea
D)tachypnea
E)epistaxis

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a structure associated with the lungs?

A)visceral pleura
B)parietal pleura
C)cardiac notch
D)endocardium
E)oblique fissure

Question 26

The fluid that lines the inside of the alveoli is produced by

A)cuboidal epithelial cells in the terminal bronchioles
B)alveolar macrophages
C)squamous pulmonary epithelial cells
D)surfactant-secreting cells
E)capillary endothelial cells

Question 27

Respiration rates are mainly controlled by the medulla oblongata and

A)midbrain, in response to changes in the amount of O₂ in the arterial blood.
B)pons, in response to changes in the amount of CO₂ in the arterial blood.
C)midbrain, in response to changes in the amount of CO₂ in the arterial blood.
D)pons, in response to changes in the amount of O₂ in the arterial blood.
E)hypothalamus, in response to changes in the amount of O₂ in the arterial blood.

Question 28

Under resting conditions, the basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by the

A)midbrain
B)medulla oblongata
C)hypothalamus
D)pontine respiratory group

Question 29

The total lung capacity equals

A)TV + IRV + ERV + RV
B)IRV + ERV + RV + MV
C)TV + IRV
D)FRC + ERV + RV
E)TV + ERV + IRV

Question 30

All of the following decrease the rate of gas exchange during external respiration EXCEPT

A)emphysema
B)increased alveolar PO₂
C)increased altitude
D)pneumonia
E)increased alveolar PCO₂

Question 31

Approximately how much of the total CO₂ in the blood is carried as bicarbonate?

A)less than 40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)70%
E)90%

Question 32

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs across the respiratory membrane by the process of

A)osmosis
B)diffusion
C)exocytosis
D)active transport
E)filtration

Question 33

The human lungs contain about _____ alveoli.

A)10,000
B)300,000
C)one million
D)300 million
E)1 billion

Question 34

Which of the following changes would lead to an increase in the rate and depth of breathing?

A)decreased carbon monoxide in the venous blood
B)increased h⁺ and carbon dioxide in the cerebrospinal fluid
C)decreased bicarbonate in the arterial blood
D)increased oxygen in the arterial blood
E)decreased carbonic acid in the venous blood

Question 35

Nerve impulses travel from the active dorsal respiratory group of the respiratory center to the diaphragm via the

A)vagus nerve
B)phrenic nerve
C)thoracic nerve
D)intercostal nerves
E)radial nerve

Question 36

The volume of air in one normal breath is called the

A)total lung capacity
B)vital capacity
C)tidal volume
D)functional residual capacity
E)residual volume

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the inflation reflex of the lungs?

A)Stretch receptors are activated during overinflation.
B)Proprioceptors are activated to stimulate deeper inspirations.
C)The dorsal respiratory group is inhibited.
D)Once this reflex is activated, exhalation begins.
E)This is a protective reflex that prevents damage to lungs due to overinflation.

Question 38

Which of the following conditions is necessary for air to enter the lungs during inspiration?

A)The alveolar pressure must be lower than the atmospheric pressure.
B)The alveolar pressure must be higher than the atmospheric pressure.
C)The alveolar pressure must be equal to the atmospheric pressure.
D)The size of the lungs must be decreased.
E)The diaphragm has to be relaxed.

Question 39

The exchange of gases that occurs during external respiration takes place in the

A)trachea
B)terminal bronchioles
C)alveoli
D)bronchi
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 40

A disorder of the respiratory system characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls is called

A)chronic bronchitis
B)emphysema
C)pleurisy
D)asthma
E)tuberculosis

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

A)transport of nutrients to tissues
B)ventilation of lungs
C)gas exchange between lungs and blood
D)regulation of pH
E)production of sound

Question 42

The breathing rate is controlled by the respiratory center that consists of a group of neurons located in the

A)cerebellum
B)medulla oblongata and pons
C)midbrain and hypothalamus
D)cerebrum
E)cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 43

Which of the following passageways are directly connected to the laryngopharynx?

A)larynx
B)oropharynx
C)esophagus
D)all of the choices are correct
E)only larynx and esophagus

Question 44

Cartilaginous rings

A)make the trachea rigid to keep the airway open.
B)make the primary bronchi rigid to keep them open.
C)are C shaped in the trachea to allow the esophagus to expand behind it.
D)are made of hyaline cartilage.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 45

Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that

A)binds weakly to amino acids in hemoglobin.
B)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin.
C)binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does.
D)both binds weakly to amino acids in hemoglobin and binds to the heme group of hemoglobin.
E)both binds to the heme group of hemoglobin and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does.

Question 46

Which of the following affect the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?

A)partial pressure of oxygen
B)temperature
C)acidity
D)carbon dioxide in the tissue
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 47

The middle portion of the pharynx is the nasopharynx.

Question 48

The true vocal cords are located in the

A)esophagus
B)trachea
C)larynx
D)nasopharynx
E)laryngopharynx

Question 49

The mucous membrane lining the larynx forms two pairs of folds.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory membrane?

A)alveolar squamous epithelial cells
B)basement membrane of alveolar cells
C)thin layer of smooth muscle
D)capillary basement membrane
E)capillary endothelial cells

Question 51

Why is the left lung about 10% smaller than the right lung?

A)The stomach is found on the left side of the body and pushes up against the diaphragm.
B)The large blood vessels like the vena cavae and aorta take up more space on the left side.
C)The majority of the mass of the heart is found on the left side.
D)The right side of the body does more work so it needs more air.
E)The thymus gland takes up more space on the left side.

Question 52

All of the following are normal changes that occur in the respiratory system during exercise EXCEPT

A)blood flow to the lungs increases.
B)oxygen diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane increases.
C)less carbon dioxide is produced in the muscles.
D)breathing rate increases.
E)depth of ventilation increases.

Question 53

External respiration is another name for breathing.

Question 54

The nostrils are also called external nares.

Question 55

The flap of elastic cartilage covered by epithelium that closes off the larynx and prevents food and water from entering the larynx during swallowing is called the

A)epiglottis
B)glottis
C)thyroid cartilage
D)arytenoid cartilage
E)cricoid cartilage

Question 56

Deep labored inhalations involve contraction of all of the following muscles EXCEPT the

A)sternocleidomastoid
B)diaphragm
C)scalene muscles
D)external intercostals
E)internal intercostals

Question 57

The chloride shift

A)involves movement of bicarbonate to outside of RBCs in exchange for chloride.
B)raises the chloride concentration of venous blood plasma.
C)is necessary for efficient transport of oxygen by the blood.
D)only happens in people with emphysema.
E)helps maintain electrical balance between plasma and interstitial fluid.

Question 58

Smoking can cause

A)emphysema.
B)smoker's cough and chronic bronchitis.
C)lung cancer.
D)increased mucus secretion.
E)all of the choices are correct.

Question 59

Yawning is a modified respiratory movement that

A)involves relaxation of the external intercostal muscles.
B)involves contraction of the abdominal muscles.
C)is stimulated by irritation of the nasal mucosa.
D)involves spasmodic closure of the larynx.
E)involves a smooth extended contraction of the diaphragm.

Question 60

The vital capacity of the respiratory system can decrease by as much as _____ by the age 70.

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)50%
E)65%

Question 61

In clinical practice, pulmonary ventilation refers to inspiration only.

Question 62

The transport of respiratory gases between the lungs and body tissues is a function of the blood.

Question 63

In order for inspiration to occur, the volume of the thoracic cavity needs to be increased.

Question 64

The record of pulmonary volumes and capacities produced using a spirometer is called a spirogram.

Question 65

In the neck, the trachea is located lateral to the esophagus.

Question 66

The narrow superior portion of the lung is called the apex.

Question 67

The main respiratory functions of the nasal cavity are to filter, warm, and moisten incoming air.

Question 68

During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and flattens leading to a volume increase and pressure decrease in the thoracic cavity. Expiration involves the reverse process in which the diaphragm relaxes leading to a volume decrease and pressure increase in the thoracic cavity.

Question 69

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity and diaphragm, while the visceral pleura covers the outer surface of the lungs.

Question 70

Tertiary bronchi divide directly into respiratory bronchioles.

Question 71

The right lung is smaller than the left lung because of the position of the heart.

Question 72

The total pressure of a gas mixture is calculated by multiplying the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture.

Question 73

Diaphragmatic breathing is deep breathing involving movement of the ribcage, while costal breathing is shallow breathing involving movement of the abdomen.

Question 74

While laryngitis is common among all people, cancer of the larynx is found almost exclusively in people who smoke.

Question 75

If PCO₂ is lower in the alveoli than in the blood, CO₂ will diffuse from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries into the air in the alveoli.

Question 76

The air pressure inside the lungs is called the alveolar pressure.

Question 77

The right lung is divided into three lobes by two deep surface fissures called the horizontal and oblique fissures.

Question 78

Rhinitis is the scientific name for a "nose job."

Question 79

Hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation can be dangerous, especially to swimmers, because the oxygen level in the brain tissues may drop dangerously low and cause fainting.

Question 80

Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of death and disability worldwide.