Deck 20: The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

Question 1

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not DIRECTLY fight antigens.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the spleen,red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

Question 5

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments.

Question 6

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

Question 7

The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes.

Question 8

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

Question 9

When tissues are inflamed,lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris,pathogens,and cancer cells.

Question 10

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

Question 11

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

Question 12

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

Question 13

Small secondary lymphoid organs,which cluster along lymphatic vessels,are termed ________.

A)lymph follicles
B)lymph nodes
C)lymphatics
D)lacteals

Question 14

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child,it will most likely regenerate itself.

Question 15

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

Question 16

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue,then move to other parts of the body.

Question 17

Like blood,lymph flows both to and from the heart.

Question 18

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

Question 19

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits,movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

Question 20

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

Question 21

What is a bubo?

A)a lobe of the spleen
B)an infected Peyer's patch
C)an infected lymph node
D)a wall in a lymph node

Question 22

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

A)Peyer's patches of the intestine
B)pancreas
C)spleen
D)tonsils

Question 23

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

A)The two main types are T cells and macrophages.
B)T cells are the precursors of B cells.
C)T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.
D)B cells produce plasma cells,which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Question 24

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

A)Under normal conditions,lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits.
B)Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling.
C)Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins.
D)Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues,such as skeletal muscles.

Question 25

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

A)afferent lymphatic vessels
B)efferent lymphatic vessels
C)the cortical sinus
D)the subcapsular sinus

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow?

A)skeletal muscle contraction
B)breathing
C)capillary smooth muscle contraction
D)valves in lymph vessel walls

Question 27

Lymph transport involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)lymph capillary minivalve action
B)milking action of active muscle fibers
C)thorax pressure changes during breathing
D)smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

Question 28

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ________.

A)digestive organs
B)CNS
C)bones and teeth
D)bone marrow

Question 29

Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

A)appendix
B)tonsil
C)Peyer's patch
D)thymus

Question 30

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n)________.

A)Peyer's patch
B)thymus
C)tonsil
D)appendix

Question 31

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the ________.

A)large intestine
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)esophagus

Question 32

The thymus is most active during ________.

A)childhood
B)fetal development
C)middle age
D)old age

Question 33

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors,the result is ________.

A)increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage
B)abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region
C)shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph
D)severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Question 34

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)palatine tonsils
B)islets of Langerhans
C)lingual tonsils
D)Peyer's patches

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

A)lymph nodes
B)lymph
C)lymphatic vessels
D)erythrocytes

Question 36

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

A)lymph nodes
B)plasma cells
C)T lymphocytes
D)medullary cords

Question 37

Which cells are the main "warriors" of the immune system?

A)basophils
B)macrophages
C)lymphocytes
D)monocytes

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE?

A)It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.
B)It does not directly fight antigens.
C)It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation.
D)Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue.

Question 39

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does NOT ________.

A)directly fight antigens
B)have lymphocytes
C)have a cortex and medulla
D)produce hormones

Question 40

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

A)Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood.
B)T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.
C)Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue,it resides there permanently.
D)Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Question 41

What is the special role of the thymus gland?

Question 42

Where are the lymph node aggregations most dense?

Question 43

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

A)tonsillar crypts
B)germinal centers
C)tonsillar corpuscles
D)lymphoid follicles

Question 44

The blood testis barrier is to newly formed sperm cells as the blood thymus barrier is to ________.

A)plasma cells
B)white pulp
C)T lymphocyte precursors
D)mast cells

Question 45

Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________.

A)spleen
B)tonsils
C)lymph nodes
D)red bone marrow

Question 46

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

A)Clusters of white pulp look like islands in a sea of red pulp.
B)The splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum.
C)Red pulp is where immune functions take place.
D)The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.

Question 47

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

A)appendix
B)thymus
C)tonsils
D)spleen

Question 48

What is the consequence of obstruction of the lymphatics?

Question 49

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue.
B)Antibodies mark antigens for destruction.
C)T lymphocytes originate from the red bone marrow.
D)Only lymph nodes filter lymph.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of lymph?

A)plasma proteins
B)red blood cells
C)water
D)ions

Question 51

Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to ________.

A)the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages
B)fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it
C)the viscous nature of lymph
D)mini-valves

Question 52

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

A)thymus
B)appendix
C)spleen
D)tonsils

Question 53

Name the tonsils and state their body locations.

Question 54

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

A)pharyngeal tonsils
B)Peyer's tonsils
C)palatine tonsils
D)lingual tonsils

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A)transporting dietary fats
B)transporting respiratory gases
C)draining excess interstitial fluid
D)carrying out immune responses

Question 56

Describe the mechanisms by which lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

A)act as lymph filters and activate the immune system
B)produce lymphoid cells and house granular WBCs
C)serve as antigen surveillance areas
D)produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 58

From the right leg,lymph moves in which order?

A)right lumbar trunk,right lymphatic duct,right subclavian vein
B)right lumbar trunk,right lymphatic duct,left subclavian vein
C)right lumbar trunk,thoracic duct,left subclavian vein
D)right lumbar trunk,thoracic duct,right subclavian vein

Question 59

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels.

A)trunks
B)ducts
C)capillaries
D)nodes

Question 60

Describe the structural and functional relationship between a capillary bed of the blood vascular system and lymphatic capillaries.

Question 61

Describe why the prognosis of cancer is best when there is no detectable spread from the region of the primary tumor to the lymph nodes.

Question 62

Define the term MALT.What is its function?

Question 63

How does the lymphatic system both help and hinder the spread of cancer through the body?

Question 64

Characterize lymph transport in terms of rate,volume,and ability to change.

Question 65

As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)progresses,some individuals develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (any disease of the lymph nodes).Explain why this may occur.

Question 66

Lymphedema may occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy,in which lymph nodes have been removed.Explain why it might occur.

Question 67

A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes.Describe signs and symptoms that help to distinguish cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes.

Question 68

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg.What could have caused the increased size of the swollen leg?

Question 69

A mother takes her son to the doctor and describes the following symptoms that she has observed.The child is running a fever,has flu-like symptoms,and his lymph glands are very swollen and sore to the touch.Of what significance are the swollen and sore lymph glands?

Question 70

How are lymphatic capillaries affected by tissue inflammation?

Question 71

List the functions of the spleen.

Question 72

How does the structure of a lymph node allow lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective function?