Deck 6: The World of Rome, Ca 1000 Bce-400 Ce

Question 1

One result of the Struggle of the Orders was the creation of a law code that made all

A) plebeians more powerful than patricians.
B) patricians more powerful than plebeians.
C) Roman-born citizens more important than foreigners.
D) citizens, plebeian and patrician, equal before the law.

Answer 1

citizens, plebeian and patrician, equal before the law.

Question 2

In the third century B.C.E., the main challenge to Roman control of the Mediterranean came from which of the following?

A) Ptolemaic Egypt
B) Carthage
C) Alexandria
D) Macedonia

Answer 2

Carthage

Question 3

What was an important difference between the political systems of the Romans and Greeks?

A) Some Greek city-states had monarchies, while Roman city-states never did.
B) Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not.
C) Rome had written laws, while no Greek city-states did.
D) Greeks endured civil war, while Romans did not.

Answer 3

Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not.

Question 4

During the Struggle of the Orders, how did the plebeians force political concessions?

A) Plebian farmers refused to sell agricultural goods to the cities.
B) All plebeians declined to pay annual taxes and local fees.
C) Plebian men refused to serve in the military.
D) Plebian leaders ordered the assassination of several senators and consuls.

Question 5

Which of the following was true of Roman religion?

A) It was a deeply reflective religion emphasizing inner piety.
B) It was largely a matter of rites and ceremonies, not inner piety.
C) It was centered on ancestor worship.
D) It advocated human sacrifice.

Question 6

Why was the ius gentium important to Roman society?

A) It covered both Roman citizens and foreigners as a kind of universal law.
B) It was the first written law code in the Mediterranean world.
C) It limited the rights of patricians and elevated plebeians.
D) It provided for the impeachment of the consuls.

Question 7

Why did the Carthaginians recall Hannibal from Italy?

A) He had disgraced himself there.
B) The Romans had attacked Carthage itself.
C) His father was dying.
D) He had served his full term as general.

Question 8

According to the most common Roman creation myth, who assisted Rome's first ruler, Romulus, with the rule of the city?

A) He was helped by a council of advisers called the Senate.
B) He was assisted by his brother Remus, a military commander.
C) He was only able to rule the city with help of the gods.
D) He relied heavily on his aristocratic wife and her family.

Question 9

During the republic, which of the following was true of the Roman Senate?

A) Its only function was to pass legislation.
B) It had little power and was advised by consuls.
C) Like the consuls, it changed its membership annually.
D) One of its chief responsibilities was to advise officials and consuls.

Question 10

In the early republic, which group controlled political power and military leadership?

A) Plebeians
B) Etruscan nobles
C) Patricians
D) Merchants

Question 11

According to legend, who founded Rome?

A) Latium
B) Romulus and Remus
C) Domitian
D) Silla and Gaulius

Question 12

Other than Greeks, who were the first people to build permanent settlements in Italy?

A) Etruscans
B) Egyptians
C) Hittites
D) Persians

Question 13

How was Roman society divided in the early republic?

A) Into two groups-the patricians and the plebeians
B) Between Roman citizens and non-Romans who were seen as subject peoples
C) Between urban and rural dwellers
D) Between Roman citizens and their slaves

Question 14

How are Roman women portrayed in Rome's founding legends?

A) Dominant and superior
B) Meek and quiet
C) Virtuous and brave
D) Conniving and deceitful

Question 15

According to Map 6.1, "Roman Italy and the City of Rome, ca. 218 B.C.E.," what evidence is there to suggest that the Greeks had begun to colonize the peninsula prior to the emergence of Roman Italy?

A) Greek cities existed on the southeastern shore of the Adriatic Sea.
B) Some Greek cities were connected by major roads to the city of Rome.
C) Several Greek cities existed on the southern part of the peninsula.
D) There are no Greek cities in the northern part of the peninsula.

Question 16

The villages that became Rome were located on what river?

A) Po
B) Tiber
C) Danube
D) Adige

Question 17

What was recorded on the Twelve Tables?

A) Myths
B) Prayers
C) Religious texts
D) Laws

Question 18

What did Romans, like the Persians, do once they conquered an area?

A) They killed the men and took the women as slaves.
B) They built large temples to please the gods and ensure success.
C) They forced the men to serve in the Roman military.
D) They built roads to facilitate communication and trade.

Question 19

The First Punic War ended with a Roman victory and the creation of Rome's first

A) monarchy.
B) diplomatic corps.
C) navy.
D) hospitals.

Question 20

Who was the Carthaginian general who brought the Second Punic War to the gates of Rome?

A) Scipio Aemilianus
B) Pyrrhus
C) Tarquin the Proud
D) Hannibal

Question 21

During the pax Romana, what regions became prime grain producers for the empire?

A) Gaul and Italy
B) Southern Spain and Italy
C) Egypt and Syria
D) Britain and Belgium

Question 22

How did Rome solve the problem of feeding its growing population?

A) Emperors provided free bread, oil, and wine to the population.
B) Leaders started subsidizing the cost of basic commodities.
C) Emperors combined small tenant farms into huge agricultural operations.
D) The Senate forced thousands of residents out of the city to colonize the frontiers.

Question 23

What was one of Augustus's important military reforms?

A) He created an all-volunteer force.
B) He developed an all-mercenary force.
C) He assembled an all-plebeian army.
D) He began a permanent standing army.

Question 24

What important improvements in urban planning were made in Rome during the second century C.E.?

A) Separate districts were created for different ethnic groups in the cities.
B) A new domestic police force was developed in the city of Rome.
C) Hundreds of miles of aqueducts and sewers were built.
D) Streets were made straight, and all roads and streets were paved.

Question 25

How did Romans view slavery during the republic?

A) The only people who could be taken as slaves were North Africans.
B) It was viewed as a lifelong condition for the enslaved.
C) It was an unfortunate state but one from which a slave might become free.
D) It became less economically important over time as Rome grew to include more citizens.

Question 26

Which emperor transformed the principate into a hereditary monarchy?

A) Nero
B) Hadrian
C) Claudius
D) Vespasian

Question 27

According to Map 6.2, "Roman Expansion, 262 B.C.E.-180 C.E.," which of the following was the northernmost Roman city during the period 262 B.C.E.-180 C.E.?

A) York
B) London
C) Lyons
D) Vienna

Question 28

Who was the author of the Aeneid?

A) Cicero
B) Virgil
C) Augustus
D) Julius Caesar

Question 29

What was relatively unusual about women in Roman families?

A) They seldom ventured outside their homes.
B) They were not allowed to learn to read or write.
C) They had no role in raising their children.
D) They were able to inherit and own property.

Question 30

In Roman families, what was the paterfamilias?

A) The oldest dominant male in a family, who had near absolute power
B) A family council that was composed of all adult males
C) The marriage contract between husband and wife
D) The male family member who was entitled to vote for public office

Question 31

Based on Map 6.2, "Roman Expansion, 262 B.C.E.-180 C.E.," which of the following was likely attractive to the Romans due to its strategic importance as a harbor city?

A) Carthage
B) Corduba
C) Jerusalem
D) Lugdunum

Question 32

To whom did the term pagan originally refer?

A) Those who lived in the countryside
B) Those who lived in the city
C) Those who worshipped more than one god
D) Those who worshipped no god at all

Question 33

What was the main feature of the reform program proposed by Tiberius Gracchus?

A) To provide free bread to the poor of Rome
B) To redistribute public land to poor Romans
C) To abolish the class distinctions of patricians and plebeians
D) To establish colonies populated by ex-soldiers and their families

Question 34

Under Augustus, women could be freed from male guardianship if they

A) had a certain number of children.
B) were related to Augustus.
C) had a son killed in a war.
D) bought their freedom from the state.

Question 35

At its height, what was the population of ancient Rome?

A) 100,000
B) 10,000
C) 1 million
D) 10 million

Question 36

How did Gaius Marius recruit men to serve in an African campaign?

A) He promised them citizenship.
B) He recruited them by paying them gold coins.
C) He offered to pardon them if they had been criminals.
D) He promised land to landless men in return for their service.

Question 37

According to Map 6.2, "Roman Expansion, 262 B.C.E.-180 C.E.," which region was home to the largest number of land trade routes?

A) Germania
B) Britain
C) Spain
D) Gaul

Question 38

What does the phrase Roma et Augustus mean?

A) It is the title of a historical account of Augustus's reign by Tacitus.
B) It is an epic poem of Augustus's deeds written by Virgil.
C) It means that the empire was divinely ordained.
D) It refers to the cult of the emperor and the state.

Question 39

Who played the role of middlemen between the Romans and the Chinese in the trade along the Silk Road?

A) Indians
B) Goths
C) Parthians
D) Jews

Question 40

To what does the term latifundia refer?

A) All lands conquered by Roman armies
B) A new social class primarily created by imperial expansion
C) Huge agricultural estates created by warfare and absentee farmers
D) Lands given to returning soldiers as payment for their service

Question 41

What did the mystery religions offer adherents in the Roman Empire?

A) Access to political power
B) The promise of eternal life
C) Independence from the state
D) Veneration of the state

Question 42

What was the significance of Augustus's rule? In the long run, did he help or hurt the Roman Empire?

Question 43

What writings provide the historical documentation of the life of Jesus?

A) The sermons he wrote are the main source for his life story.
B) The biographies written by his contemporaries tell his life story.
C) The four Gospels of the Bible provide the principal evidence for his life and deeds.
D) Accounts written by Pontius Pilate provide the most comprehensive information.

Question 44

What feature of Map 6.1, "Roman Italy and the City of Rome, ca. 218 B.C.E.," reflects Etruscan influence?

A) The existence of paved roads
B) The location of the Latin colonies
C) The division of Sicily into Carthaginian and Roman territory
D) The absence of roads in the northern part of the region of Apulia

Question 45

Discuss the aspects of Jesus's teaching and life that were Jewish in origin, and how he differed from Jewish orthodoxy.

Question 46

Explain why Rome and Carthage were natural rivals and why the Roman victory in the Punic Wars led to the establishment of Roman control of the Mediterranean world.

Question 47

What did Paul of Tarsus advocate with regard to Christian ideals?

A) That Christ's teachings should be proclaimed to all
B) That Christianity should be used to defeat Rome
C) That Christ's message applied only to Jews
D) That Christians should avoid contact with pagans

Question 48

When was Christianity made the official religion of the Roman Empire?

A) 337 C.E.
B) 380 C.E.
C) 405 C.E.
D) 418 C.E.

Question 49

Explain how the Roman Senate demonstrated Roman ideals related to shared government.

Question 50

Which of the following was true of the emperor Constantine?

A) He supported Christianity.
B) He abdicated his power.
C) He raised taxes on clergy.
D) He was assassinated by the army.

Question 51

What developments in the Roman military during the early republic made it so effective and for such a long time?

Question 52

Describe the Roman family structure. What role did women play?

Question 53

How did the Roman Empire influence the development of Christianity?

Question 54

Why did Pontius Pilate condemn Jesus to death?

A) He believed Jesus was the Messiah.
B) He was an adherent of the mystery religions.
C) He was told to do it by the emperor Tiberius.
D) He was concerned with maintaining social order.

Question 55

How was the Roman road system used to create, expand, and maintain the empire?

Question 56

What was one of the primary early rituals celebrated by Christians?

A) Re-creating the preaching of Jesus
B) Visiting the site of the crucifixion
C) Protest marches against the Romans
D) A commemorative meal

Question 57

What were some of the economic hardships faced by the Roman Empire in the fourth century C.E. onward?

Question 58

What was one of the advantages of the huge estates, or villas, created in the fourth century?

A) They were a way peasants could avoid paying taxes.
B) They offered protection in an unsettled world.
C) They provided the basis for agriculture, trade, and industry.
D) They facilitated a process of cultural exchange.

Question 59

What significant political change did Diocletian enact?

A) He used the titles "Augustus" and "Caesar."
B) He adopted the court ceremonies of the Persian Empire.
C) He converted to Christianity and made it the state religion.
D) He divided the Roman Empire into two parts.

Question 60

What do the terms princeps civitatis, principate, and Roma et Augustus tell us about Augustus's power?

Question 61

Describe the different concepts of law in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. How did law change from republic to empire?

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions
pagan

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions
bishop

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions
Punic Wars

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions
patricians

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions
consuls

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions
pax Romana

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions
paterfamilias

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 69

"The acquisition of empire spelled doom for the republic." Assess the validity of this quote, considering the problems resulting from the wars of conquest and the attempts to solve these serious problems.

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions
plebeians

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions
Messiah

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 72

One of the most important events during the time of the Roman Empire was the birth of Christianity. Describe the evolution of Christianity. How do historians explain the success of early Christianity?

Question 73

The Roman Republic underwent two great social upheavals: the Struggle of the Orders and the civil wars of the late republic. Compare these two upheavals in terms of causes, participants, and results. Was Rome better off after each upheaval? Explain your answer.

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions
Senate

A)The assembly that was the main institution of power in the Roman Republic, originally composed only of aristocrats.
B)Primary executives in the Roman Republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs.
C)The Roman hereditary aristocracy, who held most of the political power in the republic.
D)The common people of Rome, who were free but had few of the patricians' advantages.
E)A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in which Rome emerged the victor.
F)The oldest dominant male of the family, who held great power over the lives of family members.
G)The "Roman peace," a period during the first and second centuries C.E. of political stability and relative peace.
H)In Jewish belief, a savior who would bring a period of peace and happiness for Jews; many Christians came to believe that Jesus was that savior.
I)Originally referring to those who lived in the countryside, the term came to mean those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.
J)A Christian Church official with jurisdiction over a certain area and the power to determine the correct interpretation of Christian teachings.

Question 75

Describe some of the ways the Etruscans influenced Roman culture.