Deck 13: States and Cultures in East Asia, 800-1400

Question 1

Paper money developed in China

A) as a way for the government to simplify tax collections.
B) as a response to a shortage of copper for coins.
C) as a way to avoid carrying heavy bags of coins.
D) to reduce the amount of counterfeit money.

Answer 1

as a way to avoid carrying heavy bags of coins.

Question 2

In the twelfth century, the Song experimented with using what in warfare?

A) Gunpowder
B) Cavalry
C) Crossbows
D) Mercenaries

Answer 2

Gunpowder

Question 3

Who chose Taizu to become the first emperor of the Song Dynasty?

A) Buddhist monks
B) The army
C) Khitan warlords
D) His civilian followers through a popular election

Answer 3

The army

Question 4

After the Jurchen invasion, where did the Southern Song Dynasty build its capital?

A) Beijing
B) Kaifeng
C) Qingdao
D) Hangzhou

Question 5

What was the biggest disadvantage of the Song military?

A) It lacked the motivation necessary to defend the dynasty's borders.
B) It lacked skilled officers to train its soldiers.
C) It lacked an industrial base to produce weapons.
D) It consumed a huge portion of the government's revenue.

Question 6

How have Chinese historians traditionally viewed Chinese history?

A) As centering on conflict with Japan
B) As repeating cycles of dynastic birth, vigor, and decline
C) As one of uninterrupted progress
D) As a battle against a strong central state

Question 7

How does this illustration reflect the major artistic trend of the Song period?

A) It depicts a solitary scholar within a landscape.
B) It references the significance of the arts through the inclusion of a lute.
C) It is largely devoid of color.
D) It was largely left empty.

Question 8

In Song China, agricultural specialty crops included which of the following?

A) Sugar
B) Bananas
C) Pumpkins
D) Olives

Question 9

The Song Dynasty faced a crisis early in the twelfth century after the collapse of which of the following?

A) The tea market
B) The Khitan state
C) The iron industry
D) The horse trade

Question 10

To support its increased foreign trade, what shipping innovation did the Song introduce?

A) Water-tight bulkheads
B) Ships powered by sails only
C) Smaller and faster ships
D) The use of Indian ships and crews

Question 11

The iron produced in eleventh-century Song China was primarily used for which of the following?

A) Shipping
B) Building bridges
C) Roads
D) Military purposes

Question 12

With which of these is Zhu Xi associated?

A) Buddhism
B) Legalism
C) Neo-Confucianism
D) Daoism

Question 13

How did the Song improve the compass?

A) By using a magnetic needle
B) By floating the needle in water
C) By making it small enough to wear
D) By making it smaller, attaching it to a stem, and putting it in a protective case

Question 14

How did China's population change between 742 and 1100?

A) It rose to approximately 50 million people.
B) It stayed stagnant, remaining at what it had been in 2 C.E.
C) It doubled, making China's population the largest of any country in the world.
D) It declined steadily due to famine.

Question 15

How did the Song prevent the Khitans from invading?

A) They expanded the Great Wall.
B) They launched an invasion against the Khitans before they could attack.
C) They formed an alliance with the Jin.
D) They paid the Khitans tribute to prevent attacks.

Question 16

By 800, how might the Tang Dynasty be characterized?

A) It was just beginning its rise.
B) It had just been defeated by the Uighur.
C) It was in decline with a weak government.
D) It was in the midst of a golden age.

Question 17

What happened to the students who prepared for Song civil service exams?

A) The majority never became government officials.
B) They usually stayed in the lower levels of the emperor's administration.
C) Those from poor backgrounds were passed over for positions as government officials.
D) They were all but guaranteed to pass.

Question 18

In order to do well on the civil service examinations, Song students typically did what to prepare?

A) Traveled abroad to learn the ways of other cultures
B) Mastered specific forms of composition, including poetry
C) Studied pending and recent legislation
D) Adopted Zen Buddhist meditation techniques

Question 19

What advantage did the Yangzi River drainage area have over the north China plain?

A) It was home to a more sophisticated society.
B) It was easier to defend.
C) Rice grew there.
D) It was closer to major mineral deposits.

Question 20

What invention helped to improve the education and scholarly culture of Song China?

A) Iron smelting
B) A new writing system
C) Printing of books
D) Private universities

Question 21

What was one industry that flourished during the Koryŏ Dynasty?

A) Textiles
B) Brewing beer
C) Iron smelting
D) Ceramics

Question 22

What did Fujiwara Michinaga do when he left the Heian court in the eleventh century?

A) He created an alternative kingdom in Korea.
B) He led an army against the Mongols.
C) He retired to his country estate and ran Japan while living there.
D) He joined a Buddhist monastery but continued to run Japan.

Question 23

What place did concubines have in Chinese families in Song China?

A) They held more authority in families than did wives.
B) They were subordinate to wives, and their children were only recognized if the wife failed to bear children.
C) Wives enjoyed the freedom a concubine gave them, so jealousy from wives was very unusual.
D) Wives outranked concubines, but the children born to concubines and wives held equal status.

Question 24

In the illustration The Tale of Genji, the numerous brushes in the foreground are suggestive of which of the following?

A) The superior social status of the figure reading the letter
B) The importance placed on elegant calligraphy among members of the court
C) The prominent position of written communication during the Heian Period
D) The intellectual status of members of the court

Question 25

According to this map, what likely played a key role in Japan's ability to repel the Mongols that had overrun much of China and Korea?

A) The wall located at the northern edge of the Korean peninsula slowed Mongol progress.
B) The Sea of Japan prevented the Mongols from landing on Japan's main island.
C) The Mongol force used to attack Japan appears to have been smaller than that used in Korea.
D) The Japanese islands did not share a land border with either Korea or China.

Question 26

What helped a woman ensure security in her extended family?

A) Giving birth to a son
B) Inheriting money of her own
C) Becoming a mother-in-law
D) Learning to read and write

Question 27

The immensely learned Zhu Xi is generally credited with which of the following?

A) The establishment of the first university in China
B) The establishment of the Song Dynasty
C) The invention of block printing
D) The full development of Neo-Confucianism

Question 28

What did Fujiwara dominance of the Japanese government represent?

A) A complete embrace of Chinese-style bureaucracy
B) A reassertion of the imperial family's power
C) The rise of samurai political power
D) The privatization of political power and a reversion to clan politics

Question 29

To have a job in the Koryŏ government, a man had to prove that he was

A) well trained in Confucianism.
B) capable of fighting in a war.
C) not lowborn in status.
D) related to the Koryŏ family.

Question 30

What did Khubilai Khan need to build in order to conquer the Southern Song?

A) A bridge
B) Cannons
C) Catapults
D) A fleet of ships

Question 31

What did the Mongols force the Koryŏ leader(s) to do in the thirteenth century?

A) Adopt Mongol names and customs
B) Abdicate in favor of a Mongol king
C) Move to Beijing
D) Join forces with the Mongol army and invade China

Question 32

Whose interests were served by the introduction of civil service examinations in Koryŏ Korea?

A) Aristocrats
B) Merchants
C) Buddhist priests
D) Peasants

Question 33

What family came to dominate Korea following a coup in 1196?

A) The Liao family
B) The Ch'oe family
C) The Honen family
D) The Minamoto clan

Question 34

How was foot binding viewed during the Song Dynasty?

A) It was reviled by Neo-Confucian scholars.
B) Its spread was halted by Song authorities.
C) It was associated with the pleasure quarters and women's efforts to beautify themselves.
D) It remained popular among all parts of China but was disliked by the emperor.

Question 35

According to Map 13.1, "East Asia in 1000 and 1200," which region in East Asia experienced the least impact from the territorial changes that occurred between 1000 and 1200?

A) Song China
B) Tanggut
C) Champa
D) Liao

Question 36

What was one way in which the Koryŏ dynasty differed from the Chinese model?

A) Koryŏ was more aristocratic than China.
B) Koryŏ had more trade with the Silk Road.
C) Koryŏ leaders distrusted the military class.
D) Buddhism never had an impact on Koryŏ.

Question 37

The Mongol reordering of Chinese society and restrictions on trade was designed to do which of the following?

A) Integrate Chinese and Mongol cultures
B) Protect Mongol privileges
C) Develop a new Mongol society
D) Allow for more social mobility

Question 38

What dynasty did the Korean general Yi Song-gye found in 1392?

A) Silla
B) Ming
C) Chosŏn
D) Paekche

Question 39

Confucian thought about metaphysics evolved in the later Song period as an alternative to which of the following?

A) Neo-Confucianism
B) Foreign wars
C) Buddhism
D) Printing

Question 40

Koryŏ built a wall at the Yalu River in the eleventh century to help keep out what enemy?

A) Khitans
B) Chinese
C) Manchurians
D) Jurchens

Question 41

Tendai Buddhism, brought to Japan from China by the monk Saichō, taught what?

A) That only through the rejection of the material world could one find nirvana
B) That all living beings share Buddha's nature and can be brought to salvation
C) That Buddha's secret teachings contained the secrets to enlightenment
D) That only intense meditation can help one achieve salvation

Question 42

Describe the culture of the elite class of the Song.

Question 43

How did women's lives change in the later Song period? What sources do historians use to answer this question?

Question 44

How did the Mongols treat the Koryŏ?

Question 45

Describe the process of urbanization in China during the Song era. What were the implications of this development?

Question 46

How were the lords and samurai connected in Japan? What obligations did they owe each other?

Question 47

Why might Pure Land Buddhism have appealed to ordinary people?

A) It taught that simple faith in Buddha was enough for salvation.
B) It urged a social reordering to improve the conditions of the peasantry.
C) It incorporated many aspects of native Japanese religion.
D) It rejected all Chinese and Indian influences.

Question 48

How did the Japanese government diverge from Chinese models in the late ninth century?

Question 49

Describe the foreign trade that flourished under the Song Dynasty.

Question 50

What was the most popular form of Buddhism among the samurai?

A) Pure Land
B) Esoteric
C) Zen
D) Tendai

Question 51

Which of the following did Masako, widow of Minamoto Yoritomo, work to preserve?

A) Women's literature
B) The interests of the Hōjō family
C) Shingon Buddhism
D) Minamoto's line of succession and the power of her firstborn son

Question 52

What is the focus of the Japanese literary masterpiece The Tale of Genji?

A) It tells the story of a civil war.
B) It describes the life of a concubine in a small city.
C) It depicts court life in great detail.
D) It is an epic story of the creation of the Japanese people.

Question 53

What was a concubine, and what was her status in Song society?

Question 54

According to Map 13.1, "East Asia in 1000 and 1200," as the Jin Dynasty extended its territorial holdings, it gained increased access to which important geographic feature?

A) The Grand Canal
B) The Yangzi River
C) The East China Sea
D) The Mongolian Plateau

Question 55

How did the development of the Japanese phonetic script change Japan's culture?

A) It fostered the spread of literacy.
B) It was used exclusively for writing government documents.
C) Fewer people learned to write because it was extremely complicated.
D) The culture changed very little as it was reserved for only sacred religious documents.

Question 56

Contrast the life of the Heian-era courtier with that of the Kamakura samurai.

Question 57

Military rule in Japan emerged from the combination of a native warrior tradition and what else?

A) The impact of Korean invasions
B) Confucian ethical principles of duty to superiors
C) The rise of a civil service class
D) The influence of an aristocratic court

Question 58

Who were the samurai?

A) Civilian military advisers to the emperor
B) The Japanese merchant class
C) The Japanese nobility
D) Skilled warriors in Japan

Question 59

What is the system of rule in which Japanese emperors abdicated but continued to exercise power through surrogates?

A) Screened government
B) Cloistered government
C) Second government
D) Hidden power

Question 60

What are the different stages of the theory of the dynastic cycle in Chinese history?

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
cloistered government

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
shogun

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
dynastic cycle

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 64

What kinds of military reforms did the Song Dynasty implement? What was Taizu's intention in the reforms, and how did he go about enacting them?

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
movable type

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
The Tale of Genji

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
examination system

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 68

Describe the economic "revolution" that took place during the Song Dynasty and the consequences of those changes.

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
concubine

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions :
compass

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 71

How did the Mongols change China when they ruled over it during the Yuan Dynasty?

Question 72

Both the Heian and Kamakura periods of Japanese history were culturally vibrant. Describe Japanese culture during both periods. How did the culture of the Heian period differ from that of the Kamakura period?

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
Neo-Confucianism

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions :
scholar-official class

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
Zen

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions :
Bushido

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 77

Use the following to answer questions :
foot binding

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 78

Use the following to answer questions :
Esoteric Buddhism

A)A system in which an emperor retired to a Buddhist monastery but continued to exercise power by controlling his young son on the throne.
B)A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words.
C)A sect of Buddhism that maintains that the secrets of enlightenment have been secretly transmitted from the Buddha and can be accessed through initiation into the mandalas, mudras, and mantras.
D)A tool for identifying north using a magnetic needle; it was made useful for sea navigation in Song times when placed in a protective case.
E)The theory that Chinese reigns go through a predictable cycle from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and the well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues.
F)A system of printing in which one piece of type is used for each unique character.
G)The Japanese general-in-chief.
H)Literally, the "way of the warrior"; the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live.
I)The revival of Confucian thinking that began in the eleventh century, characterized by the goal of attaining the wisdom of the sages, not exam success.
J)Chinese educated elite that included both scholars and officials. The officials had usually gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination.
K)A method of selecting officials in imperial China based on competitive written tests.
L)A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs.
M)The practice of fastening the feet of girls with long strips of cloth to keep them from growing large.
N)A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki.

Question 79

The political history of Japan features a seemingly relentless denigration of rulers to figureheads. Describe this process and offer an explanation for this trend.