Question 1

Happiness can be thought of as an emotional&#10;A)trait.&#10;B)state.&#10;C)state and as an emotional trait.&#10;D)None of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Happiness can be considered both an emotional state, referring to a temporary feeling of joy or contentment, and an emotional trait, which describes a person's general tendency to experience happiness across various situations over time.

Question 2

The _ is most concerned with identifying primary emotions.&#10;A)circumplex model&#10;B)diathesis-stress model&#10;C)categorical view of emotions&#10;D)dimensional view of emotions

Accepted Answer

The categorical view of emotions focuses on identifying specific, distinct primary emotions such as happiness, sadness, fear, and anger, rather than looking at emotions as varying along dimensions or as a result of stress and predispositions.

Question 3

Which type of pride may contribute to aggression and hostility?&#10;A)learned&#10;B)authentic&#10;C)self-aggrandizing&#10;D)hubristic

Accepted Answer

Hubristic pride is characterized by arrogance, grandiosity, and a desire to dominate others. This type of pride may lead to aggression and hostility as individuals with hubristic pride may feel a need to prove their superiority and maintain their dominant status. They may be more likely to respond aggressively to perceived threats or challenges to their ego.

Question 4

Tracy and her colleagues accumulated a great deal of support for the inclusion of pride as a basic emotion, including&#10;A)open-ended response research in which previously identified photos of pride were consistently labelled as pride.&#10;B)survey-based response research in which pride was shown to be correlated with other theoretically related emotions, such as happiness.&#10;C)forced-choice response research in which participants successfully identified pride among photographs of multiple emotions.&#10;D)both &#34;forced-choice response research in which participants successfully identified pride among photographs of multiple emotions&#34; and &#34;open-ended response research in which previously identified photos of pride were consistently labelled as pride.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because it includes both types of research (forced-choice and open-ended) that provide evidence for the inclusion of pride as a basic emotion. Specifically, the forced-choice response research demonstrated that participants could successfully identify pride among other emotions, while the open-ended response research found that previously identified photos of pride were consistently labelled as pride. These findings support the argument for pride's status as a basic emotion. Additionally, survey-based response research (as described in option B) is not as strong of evidence as the other two types of research.

Question 5

There is much consensus among proponents of the dimensional view of emotions that ________ are the basic dimensions underlying emotions.&#10;A)subjective experience and bodily change&#10;B)arousal level and universality of facial expressions&#10;C)pleasantness/unpleasantness and universality of facial expressions&#10;D)pleasantness/unpleasantness and arousal level

Accepted Answer

The dimensional view of emotions posits that emotions can be understood in terms of two basic dimensions: pleasantness/unpleasantness (valence) and arousal level. These dimensions are thought to underlie a wide range of emotions and can be measured using self-report and physiological measures. While facial expressions may be universal across cultures, they are not considered to be a fundamental dimension underlying emotions. Likewise, while subjective experience and bodily change may be important components of emotions, they are not considered to be dimensions in and of themselves.

Question 6

pride is based on achievement and contributes to a genuine sense of self-esteem. On the other hand, aspects of narcissism.
Pride is associated with self-aggrandizing

A)Hubristic; authentic
B)Authentic; learned
C)Authentic; hubristic
D)Learned; hubristic

Accepted Answer

Pride can be authentic and contribute to genuine self-esteem when it is based on achievement. However, when pride becomes self-aggrandizing and excessive, it can be associated with narcissism, particularly the hubristic aspect of narcissism. Therefore, choice C (authentic; hubristic) is the most accurate option.

Question 7

Pride was identified as one of the most distinct and evident human emotions by whom?&#10;A)Abraham Maslow&#10;B)Sigmund Freud&#10;C)Hans Eysenck&#10;D)Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin identified pride as one of the most distinct and evident human emotions in his book "The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals."

Question 8

A functional analysis of emotions and emotional expression focuses on the of emotions and emotional expression.&#10;A)&#34;where&#34;&#10;B)&#34;why&#34;&#10;C)&#34;what&#34;&#10;D)&#34;how&#34;

Accepted Answer

A functional analysis of emotions and emotional expression focuses on the "why" because it seeks to understand the purpose or function of emotions and why people express emotions in certain ways.

Question 9

According to the dimensional view, emotions define a common dimension when they&#10;A)occur together in experience.&#10;B)have similar facial expressions.&#10;C)are rated as feeling distinct.&#10;D)serve similar functions.

Accepted Answer

The dimensional view of emotions suggests that emotions are defined along common dimensions, such as valence and arousal, and often occur together in experience, reflecting these shared dimensions.

Question 10

depend more on particular situations than personality characteristics.&#10;A)Emotional states&#10;B)Dimensional emotions&#10;C)Mood inductions&#10;D)Emotional traits

Accepted Answer

Emotional states refer to the specific emotions someone is experiencing at a particular moment, such as feeling happy or sad. These emotional states are more dependent on the situation someone is in rather than their personality characteristics. Dimensional emotions refer to the intensity or valence of emotions and can also vary based on situation. Mood inductions are intentional methods used to influence someone's current mood, also indicating situational impact. Emotional traits, however, refer to consistent patterns of emotional tendencies over time and across situations.

Question 11

The most frequent identification of pride in photographs of emotion expression include what three physical markers?&#10;A)a slight smile, the head tilted forward with the chin down, and an expanded posture with either arms raised or hands on hips&#10;B)a slight smile, the head tilted back with the chin up, and a narrow posture with either arms crossed or hands behind the back&#10;C)a wide smile, the head tilted back with the chin up, and an expanded posture with either arms raised or hands on hips&#10;D)a slight smile, the head tilted back with the chin up, and an expanded posture with either arms raised or hands on hips

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most frequent identification of pride in...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of emotions?&#10;A)Action tendencies&#10;B)Subjective feelings&#10;C)Categorizations&#10;D)Bodily changes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT considered...

Question 13

Valence refers to the of emotions.&#10;A)subjective feeling&#10;B)arousal level&#10;C)pleasantness/unpleasantness&#10;D)physiological correlates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Valence refers to the of emotions.&#10;A)subjective feeling&#10;B)arousal...

Question 14

Which of the following has NOT been used as a criterion for identifying fundamental or primary emotions?&#10;A)Relationship to biological processes&#10;B)Distinct facial expressions&#10;C)Unique motivational properties&#10;D)Subjective experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has NOT been...

Question 15

The patterns of emotional reactions that a person consistently experiences over time are called&#10;A)emotional traits.&#10;B)the cognitive triad.&#10;C)explanatory styles.&#10;D)emotional states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patterns of emotional reactions that a...

Question 16

Most lists of primary emotions contain emotions.&#10;A)only negative emotions or positive&#10;B)more positive emotions than negative&#10;C)more negative emotions than positive&#10;D)equal numbers of positive and negative

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most lists of primary emotions contain emotions.&#10;A)only...

Question 17

Jess Tracy, a Canadian researcher, has provided evidence for which additional discrete emotion?&#10;A)pride&#10;B)shame&#10;C)surprise&#10;D)contempt

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jess Tracy, a Canadian researcher, has provided...

Question 18

is the component of emotions that refers to the increase in probabilities of certain behaviours.&#10;A)Categorizations&#10;B)Action tendencies&#10;C)Subjective feelings&#10;D)Bodily changes

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the component of emotions that refers...

Question 19

The has focused on gathering self-ratings of emotions and using statistical techniques to reduce the number of emotion terms.&#10;A)dimensional view of emotions&#10;B)diathesis-stress model&#10;C)categorical view of emotions&#10;D)functional view of emotions

Accepted Answer

The answer of The has focused on gathering self-ratings of...

Question 20

Ekman has argued that primary emotion facial expressions are innate based on&#10;A)factor analysis.&#10;B)universal recognition of facial expressions and the observation of blind persons' facial expressions.&#10;C)research that shows people who are blind from birth make facial expressions.&#10;D)universal recognition of facial expressions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ekman has argued that primary emotion facial...

Question 21

The extent to which people are satisfied with their lives correlates with&#10;A)positive illusions.&#10;B)social desirability.&#10;C)having many positive emotions.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The extent to which people are satisfied...

Question 22

Wealth has been found to correlate with happiness&#10;A)across different nations.&#10;B)in studies of lottery winners.&#10;C)when comparing people within most countries.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wealth has been found to correlate with...

Question 23

Canadian research suggests that cross-cultural research on happiness may be limited by&#10;A)differences in the ways that cultures define happiness.&#10;B)cultural differences in the number of synonyms for happiness.&#10;C)differences in the ways that cultures experience positive emotions.&#10;D)differences in the extent to which cultures place importance on positive emotions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Canadian research suggests that cross-cultural research on...

Question 24

An inflated view of abilities and desirable characteristics is referred to as&#10;A)positive illusions.&#10;B)subjective well-being.&#10;C)life satisfaction.&#10;D)self-deceptive happiness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An inflated view of abilities and desirable...

Question 25

Canadian research suggests that spending money on _ can have a larger positive impact on happiness than spending the same amount on _.&#10;A)others; oneself&#10;B)oneself; others&#10;C)friends; family&#10;D)family; friends

Accepted Answer

The answer of Canadian research suggests that spending money on...

Question 26

Happiness is usually measured&#10;A)with a polygraph.&#10;B)with life-outcome data.&#10;C)in the limbic system.&#10;D)with self-report questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Happiness is usually measured&#10;A)with a polygraph.&#10;B)with life-outcome...

Question 27

Diener et al. (1995)found that the correlation between personal income and happiness was in the United States.&#10;A)0.0&#10;B)+.32&#10;C)+.52&#10;D)+.12

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diener et al. (1995)found that the correlation...

Question 28

The effect of prosocial spending on happiness appears to be greater when givers are&#10;A)aware of the long-term effect of their spending.&#10;B)aware of their positive impact.&#10;C)unaware of their own level of self-esteem.&#10;D)unaware of their impact.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The effect of prosocial spending on happiness...

Question 29

Which of the following is a potential &#34;third variable&#34; that might explain the correlation between wealth and happiness across countries?&#10;A)Education&#10;B)Civil rights&#10;C)Health care&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a potential...

Question 30

Studies of sex differences in happiness indicate that&#10;A)women are more likely than men to become alcoholics.&#10;B)men and women are about equally happy.&#10;C)men are more likely than women to be depressed.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of sex differences in happiness indicate...

Question 31

People in countries with tend to be happier.&#10;A)high incomes&#10;B)more civil liberties&#10;C)low incomes&#10;D)high incomes and more civil liberties

Accepted Answer

The answer of People in countries with tend to be...

Question 32

Which of the following traits is strongly associated with increased happiness?&#10;A)High levels of extraversion&#10;B)Type A personality&#10;C)High levels of neuroticism&#10;D)High levels of extraversion and high levels of neuroticism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following traits is strongly...

Question 33

Studies of happiness and age have found that&#10;A)relationships and success at work are more important to young people.&#10;B)levels of happiness are not predicted well by age.&#10;C)financial security is more important to older people.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of happiness and age have found...

Question 34

The average person&#10;A)does not care about happiness.&#10;B)is unhappy more often than happy.&#10;C)is happy and unhappy about equal amounts of time.&#10;D)is happy more often than unhappy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average person&#10;A)does not care about happiness.&#10;B)is...

Question 35

Analyses of data from the 2003 Statistics Canada General Social Survey revealed that&#10;A)happiness was positively correlated with income level.&#10;B)there appeared to be a third variable underlying the link between happiness and income.&#10;C)happiness was unrelated to income level.&#10;D)happiness was negatively correlated with income level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Analyses of data from the 2003 Statistics...

Question 36

is the part of a person's emotional life that refers to the kinds of emotions that are being experienced.&#10;A)Intensity&#10;B)Content&#10;C)Action tendency&#10;D)Style

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the part of a person's emotional...

Question 37

Support for the cross-cultural importance of pride as a basic emotion was found in&#10;A)a nomadic foraging and farming community in Bolivia.&#10;B)an isolated, preliterate tribe West Africa.&#10;C)multiple agricultural tribes in Africa.&#10;D)an isolated Amazonian tribe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Support for the cross-cultural importance of pride...

Question 38

Pictures designed to create an emotional reaction would be used&#10;A)in the emotional Stroop task.&#10;B)to assess Type A personality.&#10;C)in a mood induction.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pictures designed to create an emotional reaction...

Question 39

Questionnaire measures of happiness&#10;A)correlate with measures of social desirability.&#10;B)are invalid due to response bias.&#10;C)appear to be valid.&#10;D)correlate with measures of social desirability and appear to be valid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Questionnaire measures of happiness&#10;A)correlate with measures of...

Question 40

Seidlitz and Diener found that when given five minutes to recall happy events and five minutes to recall unhappy events, happy people recalled than unhappy people.&#10;A)more events, both happy and unhappy events&#10;B)more pleasant events, but as many unpleasant events&#10;C)more pleasant events and fewer unpleasant events&#10;D)as many pleasant events, but fewer unpleasant events

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seidlitz and Diener found that when given...

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT likely to increase happiness?&#10;A)Wishing for happiness&#10;B)Helping others&#10;C)Exercise&#10;D)Spending time with friends

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT likely...

Question 42

People who tend to complain of more physical ailments.&#10;A)score high on neuroticism&#10;B)have positive illusions&#10;C)score high on extraversion&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who tend to complain of more...

Question 43

Studies have shown that the control of emotion is associated with an increased activation of the&#10;A)hypothalamus.&#10;B)anterior cingulate.&#10;C)hippocampus.&#10;D)prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have shown that the control of...

Question 44

People who score high on neuroticism&#10;A)take a categorical view of emotions.&#10;B)are irritated by many things.&#10;C)take a dimensional view of emotions.&#10;D)take a categorical view of emotions and are irritated by many things.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who score high on neuroticism&#10;A)take a...

Question 45

Correlational studies have&#10;A)shown that high extraversion and low neuroticism are associated with happiness.&#10;B)provided evidence of a direct effect of personality on happiness.&#10;C)shown that personality type causes happiness.&#10;D)provided evidence of an indirect effect of personality on happiness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Correlational studies have&#10;A)shown that high extraversion and...

Question 46

Research suggests that may be more susceptible to immune-mediated diseases.&#10;A)people who score high on hostility&#10;B)people who score high on neuroticism&#10;C)people with Type A personality&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that may be more susceptible...

Question 47

People who score high (as compared to low)on neuroticism tend to&#10;A)have exaggerated memories of the physical symptoms they experienced.&#10;B)believe that others have physical symptoms even when they do not.&#10;C)underestimate their physical symptoms.&#10;D)reported fewer serious physical symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who score high (as compared to...

Question 48

Studies have shown that emotion is associated with an increased activation of the&#10;A)hippocampus.&#10;B)prefrontal cortex.&#10;C)anterior cingulate.&#10;D)hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have shown that emotion is associated...

Question 49

The emotional Stroop task has been used to study personality differences in&#10;A)emotional reactivity.&#10;B)attention biases.&#10;C)affect intensity.&#10;D)physical symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emotional Stroop task has been used...

Question 50

Which of the following words would cause emotional interference in a person who is high in neuroticism?&#10;A)Fear&#10;B)Disease&#10;C)Failure&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following words would cause...

Question 51

It is estimated that depression strikes percent of the people in the United States at some point in their lives.&#10;A)30&#10;B)20&#10;C)10&#10;D)5

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated that depression strikes percent...

Question 52

Which of the following brain imaging techniques CANNOT easily test Eysenck's biological explanation of neuroticism?&#10;A)EEG&#10;B)PET&#10;C)MRI&#10;D)All of these techniques can test Eysenck's theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following brain imaging techniques...

Question 53

Studies of personality and mood inductions find that it is easier to put people who score ________ in good moods.&#10;A)low on extraversion&#10;B)high on extraversion&#10;C)low on neuroticism&#10;D)high on neuroticism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of personality and mood inductions find...

Question 54

Which of the following is consistent with Eysenck's biological explanation of neuroticism?&#10;A)Neuroticism is described by almost all cultures.&#10;B)Neuroticism scores are stable over time.&#10;C)Neuroticism is partially heritable.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is consistent with...

Question 55

Which of the following MOST suggests a cognitive basis of neuroticism?&#10;A)Neuroticism is described by almost all cultures.&#10;B)Neuroticism scores are stable over time.&#10;C)Neuroticism is associated with better recall of negative information.&#10;D)Neuroticism is partially heritable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following MOST suggests a...

Question 56

Eysenck linked the trait of to activation in the limbic system.&#10;A)neuroticism&#10;B)Type A personality&#10;C)extraversion&#10;D)hostility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eysenck linked the trait of to activation...

Question 57

Studies that have used mood inductions have&#10;A)shown that personality can influence the mood of a group.&#10;B)supported the idea of an indirect effect of personality on happiness.&#10;C)supported the idea of a direct effect of personality on happiness.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies that have used mood inductions have&#10;A)shown...

Question 58

Which of the following are related to neuroticism?&#10;A)Premature death&#10;B)Cancer&#10;C)Coronary disease&#10;D)None of the choices are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are related to...

Question 59

People high in neuroticism are often threat-related words.&#10;To name colours of anxiety- and&#10;A)slower&#10;B)eager&#10;C)faster&#10;D)unwilling

Accepted Answer

The answer of People high in neuroticism are often threat-related...

Question 60

People who spend much time worrying score&#10;A)high on measures of neuroticism.&#10;B)low on measures of hostility.&#10;C)low on measures of neuroticism.&#10;D)high on measures of hostility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who spend much time worrying score&#10;A)high...

Question 61

A person who scores low on affect intensity&#10;A)experiences strong emotions less frequently than a person who scores high.&#10;B)experiences negative emotions more frequently than a person who scores high.&#10;C)never experiences strong emotions.&#10;D)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who scores low on affect...

Question 62

Beck emphasized in explaining depression.&#10;A)distortions in thoughts&#10;B)vulnerability to negative emotions&#10;C)the categorical approach to emotions&#10;D)activity in the limbic system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beck emphasized in explaining depression.&#10;A)distortions in thoughts&#10;B)vulnerability...

Question 63

Depressed persons maintain an ________, ________, and explanatory style.&#10;A)external; stable; specific&#10;B)internal; stable; global&#10;C)internal; unstable; global&#10;D)external; unstable; specific

Accepted Answer

The answer of Depressed persons maintain an ________, ________, and...

Question 64

A person who experiences very high &#34;highs&#34; and very low &#34;lows&#34; scores high on the trait of&#10;A)neuroticism.&#10;B)hostility.&#10;C)extraversion.&#10;D)affect intensity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who experiences very high &#34;highs&#34;...

Deck 13: Emotion and Personality