Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety?

A) excessive worrying, expecting to do poorly, and finding it hard to study in the first place
B) procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills
C) body tension, difficulty breathing, and sweaty palms
D) anger, depression, and frustration

Answer 1

procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills

Question 2

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Answer 2

a set of learned responses

Question 3

Which of the following culture-bound disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America?

A) ataque de nervios
B) koro
C) anorexia nervosa
D) amok

Answer 3

ataque de nervios

Question 4

Severe depression that comes on suddenly or seems to have no external cause is called ______.

A) dysthymia
B) bipolar disorder
C) hypomania
D) major depression

Question 5

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 6

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic model
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model
D) behavioral model

Question 7

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

A) schizophrenia
B) panic disorder
C) depersonalization
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 8

People with ______ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

A) personality
B) somatoform
C) affective
D) schizophrenic

Question 9

The primary purpose of the DSM is to _____.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 10

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

A) a manic episode
B) a dysthymic episode
C) a loss of mental control
D) a psychotic break

Question 11

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) schizophrenia
D) dissociative fugue

Question 12

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) clearly identifiable symptoms
B) a decrease in normal functioning
C) an excess or distortion of normal functions
D) symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

Question 13

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ______.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Question 14

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered__________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable
C) rare
D) maladaptive

Question 15

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physician's Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 16

Which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder?

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 17

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"

Question 18

Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) dependent
D) avoidant

Question 19

As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more that she will become obese. In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from ________.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) compulsive exercise
D) phobic disorder

Question 20

According to the biological perspective, generalized anxiety disorder is_________.

A) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface
B) a learned reaction
C) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes
D) related to a higher level of activity in the amygdala.

Question 21

Which of the following is one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors?

A) ear wax
B) urine
C) black bile
D) saliva

Question 22

Nicholas is a man whom the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Nicholas never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A) inability to function normally
B) social norm deviance
C) subjective discomfort
D) objective discomfort

Question 23

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychobiology
D) developmental psychology

Question 24

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A) behavior that is rare
B) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C) behavior that does not create distress
D) behavior that is adaptive

Question 25

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior. What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychobiology
D) developmental psychology

Question 26

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?

A) Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one context may be acceptable in another.
D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

Question 27

Which of the following was one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A) urine
B) saliva
C) pus
D) phlegm

Question 28

During the Renaissance, abnormal behavior was believed to result from ______.

A) witchcraft
B) demon possession
C) disease organisms
D) body fluid imbalance

Question 29

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"

Question 30

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ______.

A) herbal cures
B) "magic" potions
C) exorcism
D) trepanning

Question 31

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in ________ caused abnormality, while people living during the Middle Ages believed it was caused by ________. However, many contemporary psychologists try to understand psychological disorders in terms of the ________ model.

A) evil; water; biopsychosocial
B) behavior; evil; ecological
C) bile; exposure; psychodynamic
D) bodily fluids; the devil; biopsychosocial

Question 32

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C. that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique, in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim. This process is called __________.

A) trephining
B) drilling
C) humoring
D) exorcism

Question 33

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as _________.

A) the situational context
B) the historical context
C) the cohort effect
D) societal norms

Question 34

What was the most likely outcome for a person who was mentally ill and accused of being a witch during the Renaissance?

A) death
B) exile from society
C) treatment
D) exorcism

Question 35

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

A) social discomfort
B) social mores
C) social context
D) social norm deviance

Question 36

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was __________.

A) caused by supernatural forces
B) only in the mind of the beholder
C) curable through exorcism
D) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids

Question 37

Today, trephining is done to ___________.

A) relieve pressure in the lower back
B) release demons from the possessed victim
C) relieve pressure from fluids on the brain
D) facilitate exorcisms

Question 38

Which of the following was NOT one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A) blood
B) phlegm
C) pus
D) yellow bile

Question 39

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by __________.

A) an imbalance of body fluids
B) demons
C) improper diet
D) social forces

Question 40

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would best illustrate ________.

A) psychosis
B) distress
C) disability
D) social norm deviance

Question 41

Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalytic

Question 42

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of _____ And his followers.

A) Freud
B) Perls
C) Rogers
D) Skinner

Question 43

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable
C) rare
D) maladaptive

Question 44

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A) statistical definition
B) maladaptive
C) subjective discomfort
D) social norm deviance

Question 45

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ______.

A) learning
B) repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns
C) biology
D) biochemical imbalances

Question 46

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from _____________.

A) distorted thought patterns
B) repressed memories
C) underlying behavioral issues
D) physiological causes

Question 47

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) naturalistic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 48

Whenever Greta thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A) subjective discomfort
B) defensiveness
C) denial
D) disability

Question 49

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the ______ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 50

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic model
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model
D) behavioral model

Question 51

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 52

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 53

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life, is called ___________.

A) a psychological disorder
B) humors
C) stress syndrome
D) adaptive behavior

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort?

A) hearing voices that no one else can hear
B) worrying about everything most of the time
C) feeling that one is better than everyone else
D) deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

Question 55

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or __________.

A) subjective discomfort
B) social deviance
C) statistical rarity
D) situational anxiety

Question 56

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort
C) situational context
D) social norm deviance

Question 57

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 58

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation, he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

Question 59

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 60

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of _____________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 61

What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States?

A) specific phobia
B) social anxiety disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 62

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as ____________.

A) a shameful thing that brings disgrace to one's family.
B) a normal thing that does not affect the marriage chances of other family members
C) an imbalance in bodily fluids
D) a culture-bound syndrome

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A) It is never considered realistic or normal.
B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.
C) It always manifests itself as a disorder.
D) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety.

Question 64

Miguel has a great job, is well educated, and has a loving family. Despite these positive aspects of his life, he experiences anxiety every day. When asked by his therapist the reason for his anxiety, he says, "I don't know why. I don't have any reason to feel anxious, yet I worry all the time." The therapist describes Miguel as having ______ anxiety.

A) free-floating
B) normal
C) healthy
D) restricted

Question 65

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ______.

A) mood disorders
B) dissociative neurosis
C) anxiety disorders
D) amnesia

Question 66

_______ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) The Physician's Desk Reference
C) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 67

____________ is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place.

A) Cultural relativity
B) Social context
C) Situational context
D) Situational relativity

Question 68

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

A) DSM-III-R
B) DSM-IV-TR
C) DSM-5
D) DSM-VI-R

Question 69

In any given year, about ______ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.

A) 26
B) 12
C) 33
D) 43

Question 70

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is __________.

A) related to a specific event
B) unrelated to any realistic, known source
C) related to a realistic source
D) related to a specific object

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

A) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
B) It lists information regarding symptoms, but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Question 72

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) illogical interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 73

DSM stands for:

A) Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
B) Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D) Developmental Sickness Model.

Question 74

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physician's Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 75

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as _____________.

A) accurate self-assessment
B) unnecessary worrying
C) psychopathological transference
D) psychology student's syndrome

Question 76

What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A) restricted syndromes
B) naturalistic syndromes
C) sociocultural disorders
D) cultural syndromes

Question 77

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) substance-abuse disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 78

The primary purpose of the DSM is to _____.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 79

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?

A) the eclectic model
B) the biopsychosocial model
C) the psychophysiological model
D) the Gestalt model

Question 80

Which of the following culture-bound (or cultural) syndromes is found mostly in Western cultures?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) amok
C) susto
D) koro