Deck 13: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of __________.

A) schizophrenia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) depression
D) bipolar disorder

Answer 1

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 2

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Answer 2

directive

Question 3

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________.

A) psychotherapy
B) psychopharmacology
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy

Answer 3

psychopharmacology

Question 4

A goal of family therapy is to ______.

A) change the needs of individual family members
B) improve family communication and interaction
C) identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems
D) teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

Question 5

In the wake of the recent BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, there have been an increase in reported cases of _________. Some researchers are finding that virtual reality exposure therapy has helped with the treatment of these problems.

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) panic disorder

Question 6

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) Humanistic
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biomedical
D) Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

Question 7

According to Sigmund Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 8

Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different?

A) language
B) gender
C) age
D) clothing

Question 9

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the __________ between client and therapist.

A) therapeutic alliance
B) transference
C) mindfulness
D) authenticity

Question 10

Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been performed in cases of ________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) panic disorder

Question 11

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ______ their patients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 12

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 13

Rational emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A) insight
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic

Question 14

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________________.

A) action therapies
B) insight therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies

Question 15

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ______ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavior
D) person-centered

Question 16

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of _________.

A) savant syndrome
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) a clozapine overdose
D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 17

An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______.

A) are a source of social and emotional support
B) allow countertransference to occur
C) bestow unconditional approval on group members
D) allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up

Question 18

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called_______.

A) behavior modification
B) empty chair technique
C) reflection
D) selective thinking

Question 19

Allen, who has a drug addiction problem, is MOST likely to be successfully treated by ______.

A) psychoanalysis
B) family therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 20

The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called ______.

A) modeling
B) free association
C) voyeurism
D) flooding

Question 21

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. This therapist is most likely to be a(n) ____________.

A) action therapist
B) insight therapist
C) biomedical therapist
D) relationship therapist

Question 22

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________________.

A) action therapies
B) insight therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies

Question 23

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as __________.

A) action therapies
B) insight therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies

Question 24

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ______________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 25

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A) Reflection
B) Empathy
C) Dream interpretation
D) Unconditional positive regard

Question 26

The first truly organized effort to house mentally ill persons began in England in the 16^th century and took place at _________________.

A) the Bicetre Asylum
B) Bethlehem Hospital
C) the Pinel Asylum
D) London General Hospital

Question 27

Emily is a psychologist who believes that many psychological difficulties are the result of conflicts that exist in the unconscious. Emily most likely endorses which type of therapy?

A) cognitive-behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalysis
D) person-centered

Question 28

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called __________________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 29

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say, "I'll take 'History of Therapies' for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________.

A) "Who was Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who was Carl Rogers?"
C) "Who was Philippe Pinel?"
D) "Who was Abraham Maslow?"

Question 30

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called __________________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 31

Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.

A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) Gestalt therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 32

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ____________.

A) feedback from their biologically controlled responses
B) help in understanding perceptual processes
C) basic training in observational learning and practice
D) a clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

Question 33

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A) cognition
B) empathy
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 34

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 35

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, resistance, and transference. This is an example of ______ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavior
C) person-centered
D) rational emotive

Question 36

________ is a type of insight-oriented therapy.

A) Cognitive-behavioral treatment
B) Psychopharmacology
C) Transference
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 37

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Rogers
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 38

William is interested in helping his client change his maladaptive behavior. He is most likely to be a(n) ____________.

A) action therapist
B) insight therapist
C) biomedical therapist
D) relationship therapist

Question 39

Willamina is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be a(n) ____________.

A) action therapist
B) insight therapist
C) biomedical therapist
D) relationship therapist

Question 40

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A) uncover repressed material
B) facilitate positive transference
C) create resistance within the client
D) facilitate unconditional positive regard

Question 41

Edward starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking. He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him like his mother used to. Edward has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother. Edward is experiencing ________.

A) transference
B) countertransference
C) catharsis
D) resistance

Question 42

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using ______.

A) counterconditioning
B) pole-shifting
C) free association
D) the empty chair technique

Question 43

Although this type of psychotherapy has its origins in the psychodynamic school of thought, it is not considered a true psychodynamic therapy, because it combines humanistic and cognitive-behavioral interventions.

A) Wolpian therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) rational emotive therapy

Question 44

________ is credited with developing person-centered therapy.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Albert Ellis
D) Aaron Beck

Question 45

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ______.

A) dream interpretation
B) positive transference
C) regression
D) free association

Question 46

Which of the following individuals would be least likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?

A) Mary, who has a somatoform disorder
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C) Pasha, who has panic attacks
D) Lou, who suffers from anxiety

Question 47

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis?

A) Mary, who is extremely withdrawn
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C) Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D) Lou, who suffers from anxiety

Question 48

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 49

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's ___________.

A) latent content
B) deep meaning
C) surface meaning
D) manifest content

Question 50

Psychodynamic and person-centered therapies are very different therapeutic approaches. Which of the following is a major difference between the two therapies?

A) Psychodynamic focuses on unconscious impulses, while person-centered focuses on potential to change one's behavior.
B) Psychodynamic is based on Rogers's work, while person-centered is based on Freud's work.
C) Psychodynamic uses empathy, while person-centered uses interpretation.
D) Psychodynamic is short-term therapy, while person-centered is long-term therapy.

Question 51

According to Sigmund Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 52

According to Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 53

Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) rational emotive
C) person-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 54

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her psychodynamic therapist, she begins to feel good about him, as well as accepted by him. She develops a sense of trust, particularly because he does not criticize her. What process is occurring?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) insight
C) rationalization
D) transference

Question 55

Person-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A) insight
B) behavior
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 56

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ______ their patients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 57

During free association, a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics. What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 58

Levi's therapist is using interpersonal therapy. What would be the goal of Levi's therapy sessions?

A) to help Levi understand how his moods and behaviors are impacted by his relationships
B) to uncover Levi's unconscious anxiety and motives
C) to assist Levi in the process of self-actualization
D) to address the bad thoughts that Levi is experiencing and replace them with good thoughts

Question 59

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's __________.

A) latent content
B) manifest content
C) symbolic content
D) psychological content

Question 60

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Dan at some point experiences reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to forget to do what his therapist had suggested to him. Dan is experiencing ________.

A) resistance
B) a Freudian slip
C) a Freudian trip
D) interpretation

Question 61

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything, because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Question 62

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 63

Expressing empathy, developing the discrepancies between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy are the four pillars of __________.

A) motivational interviewing
B) rational emotive therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) contingency contracting

Question 64

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal difficulties?

A) reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns
B) unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C) mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
D) unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

Question 65

Which type of therapy emphasizes people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathetic therapist?

A) psychoanalytic
B) person-centered
C) cognitive-behavior
D) cognitive

Question 66

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called __________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 67

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called _____________.

A) empathy
B) resistance
C) authenticity
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 68

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help clients take responsibility for their choices in the present and the past.

Question 69

Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer?

A) "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate."
B) "During the session, I sometimes talk to an empty chair."
C) "The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently."
D) "The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies."

Question 70

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

A) cognition
B) resistance
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 71

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 72

According to Carl Rogers, the __________ is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 73

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating ______________.

A) reflection
B) genuineness
C) unconditional positive regard
D) nondirective countertransference

Question 74

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 75

According to Carl Rogers, the __________ is how people think they should be.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 76

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

Question 77

What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 78

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A) the unconscious
B) an individual's choices
C) errant thought processes
D) the empty-chair technique

Question 79

Dr. Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing?

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic
D) person-centered

Question 80

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of ______.

A) Lazarus
B) Wolpe
C) Rogers
D) Perls