Deck 14: Leadership

Question 1

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

A) team management
B) middle of the road management
C) authority-compliance
D) country club management
E) none of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Transactional leaders:

A) reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior
B) help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision
C) pay special attention to individual needs by creating learning opportunities
D) motivate followers by providing them with meaningful and challenging work
E) are accurately described by all of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Transactional leaders:

A) reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior
B) help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision
C) pay special attention to individual needs by creating learning opportunities
D) motivate followers by providing them with meaningful and challenging work
E) are accurately described by all of these

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the normative decision theory, using the right degree of employee participation improves the quality of decisions and the extent to which employees accept and are committed to decisions.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

A) team management
B) middle of the road management
C) authority-compliance
D) country club management
E) none of these

Question 6

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, successful leadership.

A) initiating structure; consideration
B) initiating structure; job-centered leadership
C) employee-centered leadership; consideration
D) concern for production; job-centered leadership
E) autonomous; participative

Question 7

_{9. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, means setting challenging goals, having high}
Expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

A) directive leadership
B) supportive leadership
C) participative leadership
D) achievement-oriented leadership
E) empowerment leadership

Question 8

Fiedler's contingency theory assumes:

A) leaders are effective when their work groups perform well
B) leadership styles cannot be matched to the proper situation
C) leaders can change their leadership styles to fit the situation
D) favorable situations permit leaders to influence group members
E) leaders should be judged according to how they perform--not how their subordinates perform

Question 9

The most important situational factor in Fieldler's Contingency Theory is:

A) Task structure
B) Procedural power
C) Leader relations
D) Position power
E) Leader-member relations

Question 10

One of the differences between managers and leaders is that managers focus on visions, missions, goals, and objectives, and leaders focus solely on productivity and efficiency.

Question 11

Whereas managers tend to have a short-term perspective, leaders tend to have a long-term perspective.

Question 12

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and nonleaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

Question 13

Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

A) accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations
B) teaching managers how to change situational favorableness
C) arbitrary definition of situations
D) only hiring supervisors with appropriate leadership traits
E) creating standing plans concerning leader actions and reactions

Question 14

Fiedlers contingency theory assumes:

A) leaders are effective when their work groups perform well
B) leadership styles cannot be matched to the proper situation
C) leaders can change their leadership styles to fit the situation
D) favorable situations permit leaders to influence group members
E) leaders should be judged according to how they perform--not how their subordinates perform

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) charismatic
E) achievement-oriented

Question 16

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, successful leadership.

A) initiating structure; consideration
B) initiating structure; job-centered leadership
C) employee-centered leadership; consideration
D) concern for production; job-centered leadership
E) autonomous; participative

Question 17

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the of leadership.

A) situational theory
B) behavioral theory
C) trait theory
D) expectancy theory
E) path-goal theory

Question 18

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) charismatic
E) achievement-oriented

Question 20

The Vroom-Yetton-Jago Model is another name for the:

A) normative decision theory
B) contingency theory of leadership
C) path-goal theory of leadership
D) situational theory of leadership
E) trait theory of leadership

Question 21

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

Question 22

While consideration primarily affects subordinates' job performance, initiating structure primarily affects subordinates' job satisfaction.

Question 23

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and non-leaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

Question 24

As a leader behavior, consideration refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

Question 25

Initiating structure leader behavior has also been referred to as "job-centered leadership" and "concern for production."

Question 26

Directive leadership is a leadership style in which leaders set challenging goals, have high expectations of employees, and display confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

Question 27

Researchers believe leaders can simultaneously be considerate and initiate structure because consideration and initiating structure are independent behaviors.

Question 28

Fiedler's contingency theory states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style.

Question 29

The primary difference between leaders and managers is that leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.

Question 30

The leadership trait of integrity refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

Question 31

Managers tend to have a short-term perspective, leaders tend to have a long-term perspective.

Question 32

One of the differences between managers and leaders is that managers focus on visions, missions, goals, and objectives, and leaders focus solely on productivity and efficiency.

Question 33

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

Question 34

The three major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

Question 35

Fiedler's contingency theory is based on the assumption that leaders are capable of adapting and adjusting their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations.

Question 36

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the two situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation are leader- member relations and task structure.

Question 37

As a leader behavior, initiating structure is the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks.

Question 38

The leadership behavior of consideration has also been referred to as "concern for people" and "employee-centered leadership."

Question 39

As described in the path-goal theory, directive leadership is similar to the key leadership behavior of initiating structure.

Question 40

According to the trait theory, all effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics.

Question 41

When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch .

A) would be characterized as a leader
B) had a short-term perspective
C) emphasized means rather than ends
D) acted as a builder rather than an architect
E) would be characterized as a manager

Question 42

According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the .

A) University of Michigan perspective
B) trait theory viewpoint
C) situational approach to leadership
D) motivational approach to leadership
E) Hershey and Blanchard perspective

Question 43

Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers, but it has failed to do the same for leaders. Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders. It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Ford's "warrior-entrepreneurs" will be expected to .

A) take a long-term perspective
B) inspire and motivate employees to embrace change
C) realize that results are more important than processes
D) be architects rather than builders
E) do all of these things

Question 44

The normative decision theory helps leaders decide how much employee participation should be used when making decisions.

Question 45

One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes .

A) doing the right things is more important than doing things right in the television industry
B) the television industry benefits from strong leadership
C) long-term strategy is more important than tactics in the television industry
D) the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership
E) the television industry attracts more architects than builders

Question 46

According to the normative decision theory, using the right degree of employee participation improves the quality of decisions and the extent to which employees accept and are committed to decisions.

Question 47

Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she makes lots of promises. When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with .

A) Honesty
B) Integrity
C) Empathy
D) Drive
E) Charisma

Question 48

Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?

A) maintaining the status quo
B) inspiring and motivating others
C) taking a long-term view
D) promoting change
E) organizational improvements

Question 49

Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?

A) Honesty
B) self-confidence
C) emotional stability
D) Charisma
E) Extroversion

Question 50

Within the path-goal model, the achievement-oriented and participative leadership styles directly parallel the key leadership behaviors of initiating structure and consideration, respectively.

Question 51

is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

A) management
B) leadership
C) interpersonal influence
D) supervision
E) autonomy

Question 52

Strategic leadership is defined as the ability to think strategically and create a strategic plan for an organization.

Question 53

Transformational leadership is leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

Question 54

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

A) controlling and limiting the choices of others
B) solving problems so that work can be done
C) preserving the status quo
D) inspiring and motivating others
E) a focus on productivity and efficiency

Question 55

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the of leadership.

A) situational theory
B) behavioral theory
C) trait theory
D) expectancy theory
E) path-goal theory

Question 56

Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative?

A) desire to lead
B) motivational cues
C) Drive
D) self-confidence
E) Charisma

Question 57

Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely

A) are true leaders
B) are more interested in doing the right thing than doing things right
C) are promoting long-term change
D) tend to focus on organizational visions, missions, goals, and objectives rather than organizational efficiency and productivity
E) are more than likely managers rather than leaders

Question 58

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

A) Organizations need both leaders and managers.
B) Leaders are critical to getting out the day-to-day work.
C) Managers are critical to inspiring employees and setting long-term direction.
D) Most organizations place greater emphasis on leadership than on management.
E) All of these statements about leaders and managers are true.

Question 60

The "great person" theory is another name for the theory of leadership.

A) Trait
B) Behavioral
C) Situational
D) path-goal
E) leader formalization

Question 61

Successful business leaders are not like other people. Successful business leaders .

A) have a desire to lead
B) have emotional stability
C) are knowledgeable about business
D) are self-confident
E) are accurately described by all of these

Question 62

Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?

A) considerate leader behavior
B) employee-centered leadership
C) concern for people
D) concern for production
E) formalized people skills

Question 63

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

A) These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration.
B) These behaviors are dependent, meaning that leaders can only do one at a time.
C) The worst leadership style entails the use of both behaviors in equal amounts.
D) The best leadership style entails high levels of both of these behaviors.
E) Most effective leaders select one behavior, adopt it, and maintain that style of leadership for their entire careers.

Question 64

College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses managing.

A) Achievement
B) Consideration
C) Charisma
D) Initiating structure _{e. Empathy}
Type of

Question 65

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on , consideration impacts primarily on .

A) job satisfaction; job performance
B) job performance; job satisfaction
C) job performance; motivational drive
D) job satisfaction; worker synergy
E) job description; job specification

Question 66

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' than their job satisfaction.

A) worker synergy
B) motivational cues
C) job performance
D) worker responsiveness
E) Vision

Question 67

United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using type of managing.

A) Achievement
B) Charisma
C) Consideration
D) initiating structure
E) Vision

Question 68

Which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

A) Honesty
B) Integrity
C) emotional stability
D) self-confidence
E) cognitive ability

Question 69

Bill Belichick is the coach of the New England Patriots football team. As a successful coach, he has to schedule structured practices, emphasize careful planning, and assign tasks. He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people. According to the Blake and Mouton grid, Belichick's leadership style would be characterized as .

A) authority-compliance
B) country club management
C) middle-of-the-road management
D) team management
E) impoverished management

Question 70

A CEO who tours company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings is demonstrating which type of leader behavior?

A) consideration
B) leader formalization
C) autonomy
D) reciprocity
E) initiating structure

Question 71

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

A) initiating structure behavior
B) job-centered leadership
C) concern for people
D) concern for production
E) participative management

Question 72

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

A) initiating structure behavior
B) participative management
C) job-centered leadership
D) concern for production
E) employee-centered leadership

Question 73

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, successful leadership.

A) initiating structure; consideration
B) initiating structure; job-centered leadership
C) employee-centered leadership; consideration
D) concern for production; job-centered leadership
E) autonomous; participative

Question 74

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

A) team management
B) middle of the road management
C) authority-compliance
D) country club management
E) none of these

Question 75

Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in .

A) Achievement
B) Charisma
C) Consideration
D) initiating structure
E) Vision

Question 76

Hot Topic is a fast­growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating .

A) achievement-orientation
B) consideration
C) charisma
D) initiating structure
E) Empathy

Question 77

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

A) These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and constructing networks.
B) These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.
C) These behaviors both impact primarily on job performance.
D) These behaviors have minimal impact on work environments.
E) All of these statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership are true.

Question 78

Leaders who possess the trait of are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

A) emotional stability
B) Integrity
C) self-confidence
D) Drive
E) cognitive ability

Question 79

_{48. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research has made a study of how important it is for military leaders to be friendly} with and to show concern for their troops. Its research shows that a leadership behavior high in influences soldiers and their ability to adapt to stressful environments.

A) Achievement
B) Charisma
C) Consideration
D) initiating structure
E) Vision positively

Question 80

In terms of leadership behavior, the term supportive, and shows concern for employees.

A) initiating structure
B) job-centered leadership
C) Consideration
D) concern for production _{e. Autonomy}
Refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable,