Deck 20: The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

Question 1

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

Question 5

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

Question 6

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not DIRECTLY fight antigens.

Question 7

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

Question 8

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed .

A) lymphatics
B) lymph nodes
C) lymph follicles
D) lacteals

Question 9

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

Question 10

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

Question 11

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

Question 12

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

Question 13

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart.

Question 14

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

Question 15

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.

Question 16

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

Question 17

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

Question 18

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.

Question 19

The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes.

Question 20

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

Question 21

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

A) Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood.
B) Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently.
C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.
D) T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.

Question 22

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the .

A) esophagus
B) large intestine
C) stomach
D) small intestine

Question 23

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is .

A) shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph
B) abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region
C) severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb
D) increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

A) lymph nodes
B) erythrocytes
C) lymph
D) lymphatic vessels

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE?

A) It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.
B) It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation.
C) Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue.
D) It does not directly fight antigens.

Question 26

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages.
B) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.
C) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.
D) T cells are the precursors of B cells.

Question 27

Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the .

A) axillary nodes
B) right lymphatic duct
C) thoracic duct
D) cisterna chili

Question 28

Lymph vessels do NOT transport _.

A) lymphocytes
B) leaked plasma proteins
C) excess tissue fluid
D) erythrocytes
E) dietary fats

Question 29

Which of the following structures is NOT considered mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A) tonsils
B) Peyer's patches
C) appendix
D) thymus

Question 30

The thymus is most active during .

A) middle age
B) fetal development
C) childhood
D) old age

Question 31

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

A) Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits.
B) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling.
C) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.
D) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins.

Question 32

Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT .

A) removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood
B) forming crypts that trap bacteria
C) storage of iron
D) storage of blood platelets

Question 33

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) .

A) Peyer's patch
B) appendix
C) thymus
D) tonsil

Question 34

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

A) tonsils
B) spleen
C) pancreas
D) Peyer's patches of the intestine

Question 35

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by .

A) plasma cells
B) lymph nodes
C) T lymphocytes
D) medullary cords

Question 36

What is a bubo?

A) an infected lymph node
B) a lobe of the spleen
C) a wall in a lymph node
D) an infected Peyer's patch

Question 37

Lymphatic capillaries are present in _.

A) bone marrow
B) CNS
C) bones and teeth
D) digestive organs

Question 38

The lymphatic capillaries are _.

A) as permeable as blood capillaries
B) less permeable than blood capillaries
C) completely impermeable
D) more permeable than blood capillaries

Question 39

Lymph leaves a lymph node via .

A) afferent lymphatic vessels
B) the subcapsular sinus
C) the cortical sinus
D) efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 40

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of lymph?

A) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks
B) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic capillaries
C) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts
D) lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries

Question 41

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue.
B) Only lymph nodes filter lymph.
C) T lymphocytes originate from the red bone marrow.
D) Antibodies mark antigens for destruction.

Question 42

The blood testis barrier is to newly formed sperm cells as the blood thymus barrier is to .

A) mast cells
B) plasma cells
C) T lymphocyte precursors
D) white pulp

Question 43

Fats absorbed from the small intestine are transported to the bloodstream via .

A) Peyer's patches
B) lacteals
C) tonsils
D) lymph nodes

Question 44

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does NOT .

A) have a cortex and medulla
B) produce hormones
C) directly fight antigens
D) have lymphocytes

Question 45

Which lymphoid organ or tissue lacks a reticular fiber stroma?

A) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
B) thymus
C) spleen
D) lymph nodes

Question 46

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

A) spleen
B) appendix
C) thymus
D) tonsils

Question 47

Which lymphoid organs and tissues are characterized by a cortex and medulla?

A) lymph nodes, thymus and spleen only
B) lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) only
C) lymph nodes and thymus only
D) spleen and thymus only

Question 48

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT _ .

A) islets of Langerhans
B) lingual tonsils
C) Peyer's patches
D) palatine tonsils

Question 49

Large clusters of lymph nodes are NOT found in the region.

A) cervical
B) inguinal
C) popliteal
D) axillary

Question 50

From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?

A) right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein
B) right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, right subclavian vein
C) right lumbar trunk, right lymphatic duct, left subclavian vein
D) right lumbar trunk, right lymphatic duct, right subclavian vein

Question 51

Lymphatic are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels.

A) nodes
B) ducts
C) capillaries
D) trunks

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

A) produce new erythrocytes in adults
B) remove and recycle old erythrocytes and platelets
C) house B and T lymphocytes
D) store iron from hemoglobin

Question 53

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

A) tonsillar corpuscles
B) lymphoid follicles
C) germinal centers
D) tonsillar crypts

Question 54

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

A) appendix
B) tonsils
C) thymus
D) spleen

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A) transporting dietary fats
B) carrying out immune responses
C) draining excess interstitial fluid
D) transporting respiratory gases

Question 56

Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the .

A) thymus
B) spleen
C) appendix
D) tonsils

Question 57

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the .

A) lingual tonsils
B) palatine tonsils
C) Peyer's tonsils
D) pharyngeal tonsils

Question 58

Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to .

A) fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it
B) the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages
C) mini-valves
D) the viscous nature of lymph

Question 59

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

A) Clusters of white pulp look like islands in a sea of red pulp.
B) The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.
C) The splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum.
D) Red pulp is where immune functions take place.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow?

A) skeletal muscle contraction
B) valves in lymph vessel walls
C) breathing
D) capillary smooth muscle contraction

Question 61

How do the lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Question 62

List the functions of the spleen.

Question 63

Describe why the prognosis of cancer is best when there is no detectable spread from the region of the primary tumor to the lymph nodes.

Question 64

How does the structure of a lymph node allow lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective function?

Question 65

Define the term MALT. What is its function?

Question 66

Describe the mechanisms by which lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics.

Question 67

A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms that help to distinguish cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes.

Question 68

A mother takes her son to the doctor and describes the following symptoms that she has observed. The child is running a fever, has flu-like symptoms, and his lymph glands are very swollen and sore to the touch. Of what significance are the swollen and sore lymph glands?

Question 69

What is the special role of the thymus gland?

Question 70

Where are the lymph node aggregations most dense?

Question 71

How does the lymphatic system both help and hinder the spread of cancer through the body?

Question 72

What is the consequence of obstruction of the lymphatics?

Question 73

A man involved in a traffic accident is rushed to the emergency room of a hospital with severe internal bleeding. Examination reveals a ruptured spleen. What is the treatment of choice and what is the likely long-term outcome (prognosis)?

Question 74

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg.
What could have caused the increased size of the swollen leg?

Question 75

A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What does she risk regarding her left arm and why?

Question 76

Name the tonsils and state their body locations.

Question 77

Lymphedema may occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed. Explain why it might occur.

Question 78

Describe the structural and functional relationship between a capillary bed of the blood vascular system and lymphatic capillaries.

Question 79

Characterize lymph transport in terms of rate, volume, and ability to change.

Question 80

How are lymphatic capillaries affected by tissue inflammation?