Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Gray commissure.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Corpus callosum.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter, internal white matter, and the superior and inferior colliculi.

Question 5

A flat EEG is a good indication of deep sleep.

Question 6

Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain.

Question 7

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.

Question 8

The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing.

Question 9

Area that encloses the central canal.

Question 10

Passing through the NREM stages (1 through 4), the frequency of the EEG waves declines, but their amplitude increases.

Question 11

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space.

Question 12

The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective (feelings), brain.

Question 13

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic.

Question 14

Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains.

Question 15

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.

Question 16

The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen.

Question 17

Nondeclarative memories preserve the circumstances in which they are learned.

Question 18

The adult spinal cord ends between the level L1 and L2 of the vertebral column.

Question 19

The reticular activating system (RAS) is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system.

Question 20

Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.

Question 21

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the________.

A) medulla
B) cerebrum
C) pons
D) midbrain

Question 22

Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over (decussate)from one side of the body to the other.

Question 23

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a________.

A) sulcus
B) furrow
C) fissu re
D) gyrus

Question 24

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be________.

A) ventral (anterior) spinothalamic
B) reticulospinal
C) posterior spinothalamic
D) lateral spinothalamic

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A) executive suite
B) motor command center
C) decussation center
D) visceral command center

Question 26

Spinocerebellar tracts________.

A) terminate in the spinal cord
B) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
C) carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
D) give rise to conscious experience of perception

Question 27

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

A) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
B) cerebellar gray matter
C) flocculonodular nodes
D) cerebellar white matter

Question 28

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A) ependymal cells
B) epithelial cells
C) astrocytes
D) neurons

Question 29

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the________.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) cerebrum
D) midbrain

Question 30

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ________.

A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
B) sympathetic ganglia
C) the thalamus
D) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord

Question 31

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

A) interneurons
B) cell bodies
C) dendrites
D) fiber tracts

Question 32

Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres.

Question 33

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) arachnoid and pia
B) arachnoid and dura
C) dura and epidura
D) arachnoid and epidura

Question 34

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

A) dorsomedial nucleus
B) subthalamic nucleus
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) lentiform nucleus

Question 35

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A) frontal from temporal
B) frontal from parietal
C) parietal from occipital
D) temporal from parietal

Question 36

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

A) No functional area of the cortex works alone.
B) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
D) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

Question 37

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A) parieto-occipital fissure
B) central fissure
C) lateral fissure
D) longitudinal fissure

Question 38

The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.

Question 39

The brain stem consists of the ________.

A) midbrain, medulla, and pons
B) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
C) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
D) midbrain only

Question 40

One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 41

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A) potassium
B) red blood cells
C) glucose
D) protein

Question 42

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

A) spinal nerve roots
B) lower motor neurons
C) upper motor neurons
D) neuromuscular junction

Question 43

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
B) limbic association area
C) posterior association area
D) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

Question 44

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

A) myelinated nerve fibers only
B) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
C) unmyelinated nerve fibers only
D) cell bodies

Question 45

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

A) cranial fossa
B) longitudinal fissure
C) central sulcus
D) lateral sulcus

Question 46

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

A) emotional
B) motor
C) declarative
D) procedural

Question 47

Broca's area________.

A) is usually found only in the right hemisphere
B) serves the recognition of complex objects
C) is considered a motor speech area
D) controls voluntary movements of the eyes

Question 48

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________.

A) cingulate gyrus
B) caudate nucleus
C) amygdaloid body
D) hippocampus

Question 49

The blood-brain barrier is effective against________.

A) anesthetics
B) nutrients such as glucose
C) metabolic waste such as urea
D) alcohol

Question 50

Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?

A) controlling starting and stopping movements
B) initiating protective reflex actions
C) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
D) playing a role in cognition and emotion

Question 51

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness.
B) Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.
C) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.
D) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

Question 52

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of thecerebral cortex is the________.

A) pyramids
B) reticular formation
C) thalamus
D) limbic system

Question 53

An individual accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. Thiswould result in________.

A) hemiplegia
B) paraplegia
C) quadriplegia
D) spinal shock only

Question 54

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could notrecognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the________.

A) lateral geniculate body
B) visual association area
C) calcarine cortex
D) primary visual cortex

Question 55

Which of the following is not a function of the CSF?

A) nourishment of the brain
B) reduction of brain weight
C) protection from blows
D) initiation of some nerve impulses

Question 56

REM sleep is associated with ________.

A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure
B) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
C) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex

Question 57

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called________.

A) rehearsal
B) automatic memory
C) long-term memory
D) association

Question 58

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

A) gyri
B) ganglia
C) sulci
D) fissures

Question 59

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.

A) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
B) pyramidal and corticospinal
C) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
D) segmental and nigrostriatal

Question 60

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.

A) loss of fine motor control
B) loss of body temperature control
C) dehydration
D) sleep disturbances

Question 61

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the ________ is the ultimate cause ofParkinson's disease.

A) reticular formation
B) substantia nigra
C) internal capsule
D) red nucleus

Question 62

White matter is found in all of the following locations except the ________.

A) cerebral cortex
B) corpus callosum
C) corticospinal tracts
D) outer portion of the spinal cord

Question 63

Which type of memory is exemplified by a racing heartbeat upon hearing a rattlesnake nearby?

A) emotional
B) motor
C) procedural (skills)
D) declarative (fact)

Question 64

Declarative memory ________.

A) is best remembered in the doing
B) usually involves motor skills
C) is the ability to learn specific information
D) is hard to unlearn when learned once

Question 65

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children?

A) delta
B) theta
C) alpha
D) beta

Question 66

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal) system that receive impulses from theequilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.

A) vestibular nuclei
B) reticular nuclei
C) red nuclei
D) superior colliculi

Question 67

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A) contusion
B) hemorrhage
C) concussion
D) swelling

Question 68

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.
B) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
C) Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and are often severely disabling.
D) The aura in tonic-clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.

Question 69

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

A) rubrospinal tracts
B) spinal cord
C) primary motor cortex
D) premotor cortex

Question 70

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________.

A) dorsal root ganglion
B) ventral (anterior) horn
C) lateral horn
D) dorsal (posterior) horn

Question 71

Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminatein the________.

A) thalamus
B) somatosensory cortex
C) spinal cord
D) medulla

Question 72

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

A) olfactory cortex
B) vestibular cortex
C) visceral sensory area
D) gustatory cortex

Question 73

Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

A) prefrontal cortex
B) hippocampus
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata

Question 74

Arachnoid granulations are knoblike projections that protrude superiorly through the________ mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood.

A) pia
B) dura
C) subarachnoid
D) arachnoid

Question 75

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of________.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) cerebellar disease
D) Huntington's disease

Question 76

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 77

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

A) gustatory cortex
B) Wernicke's area
C) postcentral gyrus
D) red nuclei

Question 78

Which statement about coma is true?

A) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
B) Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
C) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.
D) Coma is a form of deep sleep.

Question 79

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the

A) corona radiata
B) internal capsule
C) corpus callosum
D) longitudinal fissure

Question 80

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A) mammillary bodies
B) infundibulum
C) optic chiasma
D) arbor vitae