Deck 1: Data and Statistics

Question 1

Which of the following variables uses the ratio scale of measurement?

A) name of stock exchange
B) time
C) SAT scores
D) social security number

Answer 1

time

Question 2

Quantitative data _____.

A) are always nonnumeric
B) may be either numeric or nonnumeric
C) are always numeric
D) are always labels

Answer 2

are always numeric

Question 3

When the data have the properties of ordinal data and the interval between observations is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure, the variable has which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Answer 3

interval

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) categorical

Question 5

Categorical data _____.

A) are always nonnumeric
B) may be either numeric or nonnumeric
C) are always numeric
D) indicate either how much or how many

Question 6

Facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation are called _____.

A) data
B) variables
C) elements
D) variables and elements

Question 7

The number of observations in a complete data set having 10 elements and 5 variables is _____.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50

Question 8

The entities on which data are collected are _____.

A) elements
B) populations
C) sets
D) samples

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of categorical data?

A) social security number
B) score on a multiple-choice exam
C) height, in meters, of a diving board
D) number of square feet of carpet

Question 10

Which two scales of measurement can be either numeric or nonnumeric?

A) nominal and ratio
B) ordinal and interval
C) interval and ordinal
D) nominal and ordinal

Question 11

All data collected in a study are referred to as the _____.

A) census
B) inference
C) variable
D) data set

Question 12

In a data set, the number of observations will always be the same as the number of _____.

A) variables
B) elements
C) data sets
D) data

Question 13

When the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of the elements and the rank of the data is meaningful, the variable has which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 14

Which of the following variables uses the interval scale of measurement?

A) name of stock exchange
B) time
C) SAT scores
D) social security number

Question 15

When the data have the properties of interval data and the multiplication or division of two values is meaningful, the variable has which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 16

The set of measurements collected for an element is called a(n) _____.

A) census
B) variable
C) observation
D) sample

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of descriptive statistics?

A) a histogram depicting the age distribution for 30 randomly selected students
B) an estimate of the number of Alaska residents who have visited Canada
C) a table summarizing the data collected in a sample of new-car buyers
D) the proportion of mailed-out questionnaires that were returned

Question 18

A characteristic of interest for the elements is called a(n) _____.

A) sample
B) data set
C) variable
D) observation

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

A) the player's number on a baseball uniform
B) the serial number on a one-dollar bill
C) the part number of an inventory item
D) the number of people in a waiting line

Question 20

When the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of the elements, the variable has which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 21

Data collected at the same, or approximately the same, point in time are _____ data.

A) time series
B) static
C) cross-sectional
D) one-dimensional

Question 22

In an application for a credit card, potential customers are asked for their social security numbers. A social security number is an example of a _____.

A) categorical variable
B) quantitative variable
C) categorical or quantitative variable, depending on how the respondents answered the question
D) ratio variable

Question 23

Temperature is an example of which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 24

The birth weight of newborns, measured in grams, is an example of _____.

A) categorical data
B) either categorical or quantitative data
C) neither categorical nor quantitative data
D) quantitative data

Question 25

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as Male, Female, Transgender MtoF, Transgender FtoM, Non-binary, or Intersex. Gender is an example of a(n) _____ variable.

A) categorical
B) quantitative
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 26

Data collected over several time periods are _____ data.

A) time series
B) time-controlled
C) cross-sectional
D) time dependent

Question 27

What organization developed the report, "Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice"?

A) Ethics Committee for Statistical Practices
B) American Statistical Association
C) International Statistical Organization
D) Federal Bureau for Ethical Practices in Statistics

Question 28

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes the student is enrolled in an undergraduate degree program, 2 indicates the student is enrolled in a master's degree program, and 3 indicates the student is enrolled in a doctoral degree program. In this case, the data are which scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 29

_____ analytics is the set of analytical techniques that yield a course of action.

A) Descriptive
B) Predictive
C) Prescriptive
D) Data

Question 30

The graph below best exemplifies a _____. (Graph courtesy of Robert Allison.) ​

A) bar graph
B) time series graph
C) cross-sectional graph
D) line graph

Question 31

Income is an example of _____.

A) categorical data
B) either categorical or quantitative data
C) currency data
D) quantitative data

Question 32

_____ analytics encompasses the set of analytical techniques that describe what has happened in the past.

A) Descriptive
B) Predictive
C) Prescriptive
D) Data

Question 33

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for _____.

A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) both categorical and quantitative data
D) large data sets

Question 34

Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are _____ studies.

A) experimental
B) control observational
C) non-experimental
D) observational

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of a firm that sells or leases business database services to clients?

A) Dun & Bradstreet
B) Bloomberg
C) U.S. Census Bureau
D) Dow Jones and Company

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an example of an existing source of data?

A) the Internet
B) internal company records
C) U.S. Census Bureau
D) All of these are examples of existing sources of data.

Question 37

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to record their age in years. Age is an example of a _____.

A) categorical variable
B) quantitative variable
C) categorical or quantitative variable, depending on how the respondents answered the question
D) ratio variable

Question 38

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are _____.

A) experimental studies
B) uncontrolled experimental studies
C) not of any value
D) observational studies

Question 39

The graph below best exemplifies a _____. ​

A) bar graph
B) time series graph
C) cross-sectional graph
D) line graph

Question 40

The most common type of observational study is a(n) _____.

A) experiment
B) survey
C) debate
D) statistical inference

Question 41

A statistics professor asked students in a class their ages. Based on this information, the professor states that the average age of students in the university is 21 years. This is an example of _____.

A) a census
B) descriptive statistics
C) an experiment
D) statistical inference

Question 42

The average age in a sample of 90 students at City College is 20. From this sample, it can be concluded that the average age of all the students at City College _____.

A) must be more than 20, since the population is always larger than the sample
B) must be less than 20, since the sample is only a part of the population
C) could not be 20
D) could be larger, smaller, or equal to 20

Question 43

The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries. The graphical summary of salaries is an example of _____.

A) a sample
B) descriptive statistics
C) statistical inference
D) an experiment

Question 44

The term _____ is used to refer to the process of capturing, storing, and maintaining data.

A) data warehousing
B) data mining
C) data analysis
D) data collection

Question 45

A sample of five Fortune 500 companies possessed the following industry codes: banking, banking, finance, retail, and banking. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Sixty percent of the sample of five companies are banking industries.
B) Sixty percent of all Fortune 500 companies are banking industries.
C) Banking is the most common type of industry among all Fortune 500 companies.
D) If five other Fortune 500 companies were chosen, 60% of them would be banking industries.

Question 46

The Microsoft Office package used to perform statistical analysis is _____.

A) SPSS
B) Word
C) SAS
D) Excel

Question 47

The collection of all elements of interest in a study is _____.

A) the population
B) the sampling
C) statistical inference
D) descriptive statistics

Question 48

Six hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The 600 residents in this study is an example of a(n) _____.

A) census
B) sample
C) observation
D) population

Question 49

Of 800 students in a university, 360, or 45%, live in the dormitories. The 800 is an example of _____.

A) a sample
B) a population
C) statistical inference
D) descriptive statistics

Question 50

The Department of Transportation of a city has noted that on the average there are 14 accidents per day. The average number of accidents is an example of _____.

A) descriptive statistics
B) statistical inference
C) a sample
D) a population

Question 51

A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called _____.

A) statistical inference
B) descriptive statistics
C) a census
D) a sample

Question 52

A sample of five Fortune 500 companies showed the following revenues ($ millions): 7505.0, 2904.7, 7208.4, 6819.0, and 19500.0. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

A) An estimate of the average revenue for all Fortune 500 companies is 8787.42 ($ millions).
B) The average revenue for all Fortune 500 companies is 8787.42 ($ millions).
C) Over half of all Fortune 500 companies earn at least 7208.4 ($ millions) in revenues.
D) If five other Fortune 500 companies were chosen, the average revenue would be 8787.42 ($ millions).

Question 53

Dr. Kurt Thearling, a leading practitioner in the field, defines data mining as "the _____ extraction of _____ information from databases."

A) thorough, insightful
B) timely, accurate
C) automated, predictive
D) intentional, useful

Question 54

In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 5,000. These numbers represent _____.

A) categorical data
B) time series data
C) cross-sectional data
D) quantitative data

Question 55

In a sample of 800 students in a university, 160, or 20%, are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported, "20% of all students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of _____.

A) a sample
B) a population
C) statistical inference
D) descriptive statistics

Question 56

The major applications of data mining have been made by companies with a strong _____ focus.

A) consumer
B) manufacturing
C) exporting
D) research and development

Question 57

_____ analytics consists of analytical techniques that use models constructed from past data to predict the future or to assess the impact of one variable on another.

A) Descriptive
B) Predictive
C) Prescriptive
D) Data

Question 58

A Scanner Data User Survey of 50 companies found that the average amount spent on scanner data per category of consumer goods was $387,325 (Mercer Management Consulting, Inc., April 24, 1997). The $387,325 is an example of _____.

A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) a descriptive statistic
D) Both quantitative data and a descriptive statistic are correct.

Question 59

Statistical inference _____.

A) refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics of the population
B) is the same as descriptive statistics
C) is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken from the sample
D) is the same as a census

Question 60

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as _____.

A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) statistical inference
D) report generation

Question 61

Categorical data use either the ______ or ______ scale of measurement.

A) nominal; ordinal
B) nominal; interval
C) ordinal; interval
D) interval; ratio

Question 62

Quantitative data that measure "how many" are ________; quantitative data that measure "how much" are ________.

A) interval; ratio
B) ratio; interval
C) continuous; discrete
D) discrete; continuous

Question 63

_____ is the process of using procedures from statistics and computer science to extract useful information from extremely large databases.

A) Big data
B) Analytics
C) Data warehousing
D) Data mining

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a categorical variable?

A) your age on your last birthday
B) your cell phone area code
C) your accounting class start time
D) your high school graduation year

Question 65

Flight time from Cincinnati to Atlanta is an example of a _____ variable and _____ measurement.

A) discrete; interval
B) discrete; ratio
C) continuous; interval
D) continuous; ratio

Question 66

The term data warehousing is used to refer to the process of doing all of the following, except _____ the data.

A) capturing
B) storing
C) maintaining
D) mining