Deck 17: Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Question 1

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Hayat Sindi is a scientist who co-founded a nonprofit marketing company called ____ to bring low-cost health monitoring to remote,poor areas of the world.

A) Disease Diagnostics
B) Diagnostics for All
C) Diagnostics for Developing Countries
D) Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases
E) Affordable Diagnostics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is considered a biological hazard?

A) disease-carrying pathogens
B) smoking cigarettes
C) drinking too much alcohol
D) natural flooding
E) unsafe working conditions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Since 1970,the occurrence of malaria has come roaring back in prevalence.Why?

A) Swamplands and marshes have been drained.
B) More vaccines exist.
C) Fewer vaccines exist.
D) Malaria-carrying species of mosquitos have become resistant to insecticides.
E) The use of insecticides in most countries has declined.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
About half of the people with active tuberculosis will die from destruction of their ____.

A) lymph nodes
B) heart
C) brain
D) nervous system
E) lung tissue

Question 5

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is considered a cultural hazard?

A) smoking cigarettes
B) contagious viruses
C) having unsafe sex
D) earthquakes
E) unsafe working conditions

Question 6

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
About one in every ____ people infected with HIV is not aware of the infection.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50
E) 100

Question 7

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is considered a natural hazard?

A) driving
B) earthquakes
C) poverty
D) poor nutrition
E) infectious diseases

Question 8

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which viral disease is the biggest killer?

A) tuberculosis
B) AIDS
C) hepatitis B
D) influenza
E) West Nile

Question 9

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
About one-third of the toxic metal,mercury (Hg),is released into the air from natural sources,such as rocks,soil,volcanoes,and the ocean.The remaining two-thirds comes from ____.

A) automobile exhaust
B) airplane exhaust
C) mercury-rich plants
D) human activities
E) waste from livestock

Question 10

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by ____.

A) mosquitoes
B) houseflies
C) birds
D) physical contact
E) coughing and sneezing

Question 11

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO),between 1970 and 2008,the percentages of all deaths worldwide resulting from infectious diseases ____.

A) increased and then leveled off
B) increased from 5% to 15%
C) increased from 15% to 35%
D) dropped from 35% to 15%
E) dropped from 15% to 5%

Question 12

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury,disease,death,economic loss,or damage is referred to as ____.

A) negligence
B) exposure
C) peril
D) dangerous
E) risk

Question 13

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A global outbreak of an infectious disease is called a(n)

A) threat
B) parademic
C) pandemic
D) epidemic
E) outbreak

Question 14

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Tuberculosis is caused by ____.

A) mosquitoes
B) flies
C) viruses
D) bacteria
E) protozoa

Question 15

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Toxicity is rated according to the amount of a substance that is necessary to kill 50% of humans,given in milligrams per kilogram of body weight.A rating of supertoxic has an LD50 of ____.

A) less than 5 mg/kg
B) 5-50 mg/kg
C) 50-500 mg/kg
D) 500-5000 mg/kg
E) 5000-15000 mg/kg

Question 16

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
We risk falling behind in our efforts to prevent infectious bacterial diseases with the use of antibiotics because of the ____.

A) apathy of the general public
B) astounding reproductive rates of bacteria
C) lack of incentive for pharmaceutical companies to create these drugs
D) alarming rates of unprotected sex
E) increased rates of air travel

Question 17

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Malaria is spread by ____.

A) snails
B) flies
C) contaminated feces
D) certain types of mosquitoes
E) bacteria

Question 18

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is a non-transmissible disease?

A) diabetes
B) influenza
C) hepatitis B
D) tuberculosis
E) HIV

Question 19

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is a transmissible disease?

A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) tuberculosis
D) malnutrition
E) asthma

Question 20

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is a transmissible disease?

A) A disease caused by something other than a living organism
B) A disease that does not spread from one person to another
C) A disease that can be passed from one person to another
D) A disease caused by cancer
E) A disease that will always lead to death

Question 21

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A person experiencing dizziness after using a strong household cleaner is illustrating ____.

A) a chronic effect
B) a subchronic effect
C) an acute effect
D) a subacute effect
E) superacute exposure

Question 22

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Ecological medicine is a new interdisciplinary field devoted to ____.

A) wildlife disease connections
B) tracking down disease connections between animals and insects
C) tracking down disease connections between insects
D) tracking down disease connections between animals and humans
E) finding ecologically based medicines for diseases

Question 23

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to exposure to a chemical,ranging from dizziness to death?

A) bioaccumulation
B) acute response
C) persistence
D) chronic response
E) dose

Question 24

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which one of the following is one of the top five toxic substances in terms of human and environmental health?

A) lead
B) formaldehyde
C) tobacco smoke
D) DDT
E) nitrous acid

Question 25

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A person experiencing liver damage after a lifetime of alcohol abuse is illustrating ____.

A) a chronic effect
B) a subchronic effect
C) an acute effect
D) a subacute effect
E) superacute exposure

Question 26

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Teratogens ____.

A) are fatal to humans in low doses
B) cause birth defects
C) are harmful because they are irritating to skin or lungs
D) cause infections
E) cause allergic reactions

Question 27

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The system responsible for defense against disease and harmful substances is the ____.

A) circulatory system
B) endocrine system
C) immune system
D) excretory system
E) skeletal system

Question 28

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What term refers to a substance's resistance to breakdown?

A) toxicity
B) biomagnification
C) persistence
D) response
E) dose

Question 29

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Carcinogens cause ____.

A) genetic defects
B) birth defects
C) cancer
D) chronic health effects
E) allergic reactions

Question 30

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The Lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly from ____.

A) foxes
B) deer
C) white mice
D) field mice
E) ticks

Question 31

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which statement is true?

A) All chemicals are unsafe.
B) Natural chemicals are safe,and synthetic chemicals are deadly.
C) Synthetic chemicals are deadly,and natural chemicals are safe.
D) Some chemicals,whether synthetic or natural,are safe and others are deadly.
E) All chemicals are safe except those that cause cancer.

Question 32

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What term refers to the amount of a substance a person ingests,inhales,or absorbs through the skin?

A) toxicity
B) biomagnification
C) persistence
D) response
E) dose

Question 33

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Natural and synthetic chemicals in the environment that can harm the human nervous system are called ____.

A) insecticides
B) herbicides
C) neurotoxins
D) chemotoxins
E) antibodies

Question 34

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
DDT,PCBs,atrazine,bisphenol-A,and phthalates are all examples of ____.

A) insecticides
B) hormonally active agents
C) estrogens
D) androgens
E) plastic additives

Question 35

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is among the seven most deadly infectious diseases?

A) asthma
B) diarrheal diseases
C) mumps
D) type 2 diabetes
E) leukemia

Question 36

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What are chemicals used to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC)plastic found in a variety of products,such as detergents,cosmetics,body lotions,soft vinyl toys,and shower curtains?

A) carcinogens
B) phthalates
C) estrogens
D) androgens
E) BPAs

Question 37

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What term that is given to the health damage that occurs from exposure to a chemical or other agent?

A) toxicity
B) biomagnification
C) persistence
D) response
E) dose

Question 38

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In 2003,the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)proposed that in determining any risk,regulators should assume children have ____ times the exposure risk of adults to cancer-causing chemicals.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 25
E) 100

Question 39

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Research indicates that the BPA in plastics can leach into water or food when the plastic is ____.

A) at room temperature
B) chilled below freezing temperatures
C) older than five years
D) heated to high temperatures
E) exposed to basic solutions

Question 40

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A complex network of glands that release tiny amounts of hormones into the bloodstream of humans and other vertebrate animals is the ____.

A) digestive system
B) endocrine system
C) excretory system
D) circulatory system
E) immune system

Question 41

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Teratogens are chemicals that cause cancer.

Question 42

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
For people who do not take anti-viral drugs,it takes an average of three to five years for an HIV infection to progress to AIDS.

Question 43

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
People with AIDS are 30 to 50 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis.

Question 44

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and other organisms?

A) Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)
B) biological accumulation
C) epidemiology
D) toxicology
E) toxicity

Question 45

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In terms of number of premature deaths per year and reduced life span,what is by far the greatest risk?

A) AIDS
B) poverty
C) smoking
D) malaria
E) industrial chemicals

Question 46

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Statistically determining how much harm a particular hazard can cause is called risk management.

Question 47

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
How much of the American population is either overweight or obese?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds
E) three-fourths

Question 48

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Research going back three decades shows that ____ causes people to overestimate risks and to worry more about unusual risks than they do about common everyday risks.

A) degree of optimism
B) fear
C) optimism bias
D) instant gratification
E) evaluation

Question 49

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
AIDS is a pandemic.

Question 50

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Of the 80,000 registered synthetic chemicals in commercial use,only ____ have been adequately tested to determine whether they are carcinogens,teratogens,or mutagens.

A) 2%
B) 4%
C) 10%
D) 12%
E) 15%

Question 51

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the ability of a substance to cause injury,illness,or death to a living system?

A) toxicity
B) biomagnification
C) persistent
D) response
E) dose

Question 52

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Over the course of human history,malarial protozoa probably have killed more people than all the wars ever fought.

Question 53

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A nontransmissible disease is caused by something other than a living organism.

Question 54

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Cigarette smoking is the world's most preventable major cause of premature death among adults,resulting in one death every ____ seconds.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10

Question 55

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
One significant source of mercury emissions into the atmosphere is from coal-burning power plants.

Question 56

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In determining how much risk an individual is willing to accept,for most people,a one in ____ chance of dying or suffering serious harm from exposure to an environmental hazard is a threshold for changing their behavior

A) 100
B) 1,000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 57

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The most dangerous activity that individuals might do on a regular basis is to ____.

A) smoke cigarettes
B) drink alcohol
C) drink coffee
D) fly on airplanes
E) drive or ride in cars

Question 58

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Viruses respond well to antibiotics.

Question 59

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
People who smoke one to two packs of cigarettes daily have how much higher risk of getting Alzheimer's disease?

A) 76%
B) 65%
C) 52%
D) 44%
E) 31%

Question 60

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The greatest risk from exposure to low levels of methylmercury is brain damage in fetuses and young children.

Question 61

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A(n)____________________ disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.

Question 62

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A(n)____________________ is an organism that can cause disease in another organism.

Question 63

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A substance's resistance to breakdown is its ____________________.

Question 64

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease in an area or country is called a(n)____________________.

Question 65

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Numerous studies of animals and humans suggest that males of species exposed to hormone blockers can become more feminized.

Question 66

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________involves deciding whether or how to reduce a particular risk to a certain level and at what cost.

Question 67

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Only 50% of the registered synthetic chemicals in commercial use have been screened for toxicity before they were deemed acceptable for use.

Question 68

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The overuse of ____________________ for colds,flus,and sore throats can cause bacteria to develop genetic resistance.

Question 69

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Type 2 diabetes is the world's most preventable major cause of premature death among adults.

Question 70

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The term ____________________ refers to the probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury,disease,death,economic loss,or damage.

Question 71

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In terms of the number of premature deaths per year and reduced life span,the greatest risk by far is ____________________.

Question 72

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ is the world's most preventable major cause of suffering and premature death among adults.

Question 73

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The biggest viral killer is the _______________ virus.

Question 74

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Under certain conditions in aquatic systems,bacteria can convert inorganic mercury compounds to highly toxic __________________,which can be biologically magnified in food chains and webs.

Question 75

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A basic principle of toxicology is that any synthetic or natural chemical can be harmful if ingested in a large enough quantity.

Question 76

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In the "lock-and-key" relationship of the endocrine system,the hormone is the "lock" and the receptor is the "key."

Question 77

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Harmful ____________________ occurring in reproductive cells can be passed on to offspring and to future generations.

Question 78

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The ____________________ of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)means that infected people often spread the virus for several years without knowing they're infected.

Question 79

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ is a measure of the harmfulness of a substance;that is,its ability to cause injury,illness,or death to a living organism.

Question 80

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The ____________________ consists of specialized cells and tissues that protect the body against disease and harmful substances by forming antibodies.