Deck 12: Food, soil, and Pest Management

Question 1

Many of the world's poor only have access to a low-protein,high-carbohydrate,vegetarian diet and suffer from ____.

A) chronic undernutrition
B) famine
C) hunger
D) chronic malnutrition
E) food security

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Approximately 26 million children each year suffer irreversible brain damage from lack of ____.

A) cobalt
B) iodine
C) iron
D) calcium
E) phosphorus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The term overnutrition refers to ____.

A) obtaining too few calories per day
B) when energy use is less than energy intake
C) eating unbalanced meals
D) eating poor quality foods
E) eating too much protein

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An urban area where people have little or no easy access to nutritious food without traveling long distances is called a(n)____.

A) rural food oasis
B) urban food oasis
C) food island
D) food desert
E) food bank

Question 5

What percentage of the food products currently on U.S.supermarket shelves contains some form of genetically engineered food or ingredients?

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%
E) 100%

Question 6

What is Growing Power,Inc.?

A) A large corporate farm developed in California to feed large numbers of people
B) A small farm in the Southwest region of the United states developed by a wealthy landowner to grow food organically
C) An ecologically based farm developed by a former professional basketball player on a small urban plot that applies all three scientific principles of sustainability
D) An ecologically based farm developed by rural farmers in the Midwest on a large tract of land that applies all three scientific principles of sustainability
E) An ecologically based farm developed by powerful corporate farmers to grow food for large numbers of people at low costs

Question 7

About two thirds of the world's human population survive primarily by eating one or more of three grain crops.What are these three grains?

A) rice,wheat,and corn
B) oats,rice,and wheat
C) corn,wheat,and oats
D) corn,rice,and maize
E) oats,maize,and rice

Question 8

If China needed to import only 20% of the grain it needs,it would take up how much of the grain exported by all the countries of the world?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
E) 50%

Question 9

A severe shortage of food leading to mass starvation,many deaths,economic chaos,and social disruption,is called ____.

A) chronic undernutrition
B) famine
C) hunger
D) chronic malnutrition
E) food security

Question 10

With industrialized food production,for every one unit of energy put on the table in the United States,how many units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy are required to produce it?

A) 100
B) 10
C) 5
D) 0.5
E) 0.001

Question 11

The root cause of food insecurity is ____.

A) war
B) political upheaval
C) poverty
D) corruption
E) climate change

Question 12

The major goal of industrialized agriculture for any crop has been to steadily increase each crop's ____.

A) tolerance to weeds
B) tolerance of drought
C) yield per unit of land
D) purity
E) aesthetic qualities

Question 13

One in every ____ people worldwide suffers from an iron deficiency.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25
E) 100

Question 14

Each year,at least 250,000 children under six years of age go blind from lack of ____.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin B
E) vitamin C

Question 15

Of the estimated 50,000 plant species that people can eat,only ____ of them supply an estimated 90% of the world's food calories.

A) 24
B) 20
C) 14
D) 9
E) 3

Question 16

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),____ people face health problems because of undernutrition and another ____ people face health problems because of overnutrition.

A) 0.5 million;1 million
B) 1 million;1.6 million
C) 0.6 billion;1 billion
D) 1 billion;1.6 billion
E) 1.6 billion;2 billion

Question 17

Plantation agriculture is a form of high-input agriculture that involves growing cash crops and is primarily used in ____.

A) tropical,developed countries
B) tropical,less-developed countries
C) the Midwest region of the United States
D) water-short,arid areas such as the Southwest region of the United States
E) water-short,arid areas such as Spain

Question 18

Anemia may be the result of a deficiency in ____.

A) cobalt
B) iodine
C) iron
D) calcium
E) phosphorus

Question 19

Overnutrition and undernutrition are both key factors in which of the following health problems?

A) higher rates of anemia
B) higher rates of goiters
C) higher rates of Type 2 diabetes
D) lower life expectancy
E) chronic lack of iodine

Question 20

The term undernutrition refers to people who consume ____.

A) less than the basic number of daily calories
B) unbalanced meals
C) the wrong kinds of food
D) poor quality foods
E) too much protein

Question 21

With traditional intensive agriculture,farmers increase their crop yields by ____.

A) increasing their inputs of human and draft-animal labor
B) using heavy equipment,along with large amounts of fossil fuels
C) producing only enough for their family's needs
D) increasing monocultures
E) increasing greenhouse-raised crops

Question 22

One benefit of irrigating crops is that it ____.

A) increases surface water supply
B) increases salinization
C) recharges groundwater supply
D) prevents waterlogging
E) boosts crop productivity on farms

Question 23

A second green revolution has been taking place since 1967,based on ____.

A) fast-growing cattle
B) extra heavy hogs
C) sheep that fatten quickly
D) fast-growing rice and wheat
E) vitamin enriched soybeans

Question 24

Americans waste what percentage of their food?

A) 10-20%
B) 20-30%
C) 30-50%
D) 50-60%
E) 65+%

Question 25

Since 1900,how much of the genetic diversity of agricultural crops have we lost?

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 67%
E) 75%

Question 26

What is a disadvantage of modern synthetic pesticides?

A) They decrease food supplies
B) They cause premature death in certain populations
C) They may become less and less effective.
D) They work slowly.
E) They have several health risks long-term.

Question 27

Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil,a process called ____.

A) salinization
B) desertification
C) soil erosion
D) overgrazing
E) waterlogging

Question 28

Industrialized livestock production generates 18% of the world's climate-changing greenhouse gases,more than all the world's cars,buses,and planes.Most of this comes from ____.

A) pig manure
B) rotting livestock food
C) cattle belching
D) chicken manure
E) cattle flatulence

Question 29

In less-developed countries,the poor,those making less than $2.25 a day,typically spend how much of their income on food?

A) 20%
B) 35%
C) 40%
D) 58%
E) 70%

Question 30

People in the United States spend how much of their disposable income on food?

A) more than 40%
B) more than 30%
C) less than 20%
D) less than 10%
E) less than 2%

Question 31

What is the largest cause of soil erosion?

A) flowing water
B) still water
C) wind
D) sink holes
E) mountain avalanches

Question 32

When the productive potential of soil,especially on arid or semiarid land,falls by 10% or more because of prolonged drought and human activities,____ occurs.

A) salinization
B) desertification
C) soil erosion
D) overgrazing
E) waterlogging

Question 33

Slash and burn agriculture is a type of ____.

A) high-input agriculture
B) industrialized agriculture
C) monoculture agriculture
D) plantation agriculture
E) traditional subsistence agriculture

Question 34

What percentage of the world's grain production is used to make biofuels such as ethanol for cars?

A) 31%
B) 46%
C) 24%
D) 20%
E) 52%

Question 35

What is a an advantage of modern synthetic pesticides?

A) They increase profits for farmers
B) They decrease genetic resistance to pesticides
C) They increase biodiversity.
D) They decrease pollution.
E) They are inexpensive.

Question 36

What process adds water until the water table rises and envelops the deep roots of plants,resulting in a loss of productivity and ultimately killing them?

A) salinization
B) desertification
C) soil erosion
D) overgrazing
E) waterlogging

Question 37

India once planted 30,000 varieties of rice;now most of the rice comes from how many varieties?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10
E) 25

Question 38

Which product is commonly grown in plantation agriculture?

A) beets
B) corn
C) wheat
D) alfalfa
E) coffee

Question 39

One of the most important characteristics of a pesticide is how long it will stay deadly in the environment,a characteristic called ____.

A) lethal dose
B) history
C) usefulness
D) impact
E) persistence

Question 40

What percentage of all antibiotics used in the United States are added to animal feed?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%
E) 80%

Question 41

Compared to high-input farming,low-input agriculture

A) produces lower yields with less energy per unit of yield
B) produces similar yields with less energy per unit of yield
C) produces higher yields with less energy per unit of yield
D) increases topsoil erosion
E) produces greater amounts of greenhouse gases

Question 42

What is true of genetically modified crops?

A) They need more fertilizer.
B) They need more water.
C) They could reduce biodiversity.
D) They cannot tolerate herbicides.
E) They eliminate toxins in food.

Question 43

Hundreds of thousands of children under six years of age go blind each year because of a lack of iron.

Question 44

Which is a disadvantage of using aquaculture to produce fish?

A) low yield in small volume of water
B) leads to overharvesting of fisheries
C) makes dense fish populations more vulnerable to disease
D) usually is low efficiency
E) expensive with low profits

Question 45

Which of the following soil horizons is considered topsoil?

A) O
B) A
C) B
D) C
E) E

Question 46

What occurs in alley cropping?

A) Crops are planted in strips between trees and shrubs.
B) Terraces are built to prevent swift water runoff.
C) Crops are planted across slopes.
D) Special tillers are used so the topsoil is not disturbed.
E) A row crop alternates in strips with another row crop.

Question 47

The world's industrialized fishing fleets use 12.5 times more energy catching fish than the fish provide to the people who eat them.

Question 48

The best way to maintain soil fertility is through

A) applying animal manure
B) applying commercial inorganic fertilizer
C) applying organic fertilizer
D) soil conservation
E) using low till planting

Question 49

Organic fertilizer is derived from

A) inorganic fertilizer
B) synthetic fertilizer
C) exclusively plant materials
D) exclusively animal manure
E) plant and animal materials

Question 50

Today we produce more than enough food to meet the basic nutritional needs of every person on the earth.

Question 51

Compared to traditional tillage,conservation tillage

A) reduces topsoil erosion
B) accelerates water loss from the soil
C) causes soil compaction
D) does not require herbicides
E) reduces the amount of carbon stored in the ground

Question 52

Genetically modified food does not have to be labeled in the U.S.

Question 53

Raising animals in feedlots leads to ____.

A) increased antiibiotic resistance due to overuse
B) less land use
C) large input of fish meal
D) large amounts of water consumption
E) more animal waste

Question 54

Which of the following is an option for reducing desertification?

A) increase irrigation
B) increase grazing
C) manipulate weather to control drought
D) decrease number of trees in desertified areas
E) decrease human contribution to climate change

Question 55

There are no limits to expansion of the green revolutions.

Question 56

Growing Power,Inc. ,focuses exclusively on the production of a diverse range of vegetables.

Question 57

Industrialized agriculture is often associated with a single crop,called monoculture agriculture.

Question 58

Six million children under the age of 5 die each year from normally nonfatal diseases because of their weakened condition caused by malnutrition.

Question 59

Projected climate change is expected to greatly increase severe and prolonged drought,and expand desertification in this century.

Question 60

Since 1960,there has been only a slight increase in global food production from all systems.

Question 61

Broad spectrum pesticides are toxic only to pests,not to beneficial insects.

Question 62

At least ____________________ children younger than age 6 go blind each year from lack of ____________________.

Question 63

In 2006,42% of the fish and shellfish consumed were produced through ____________________,which includes raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages.

Question 64

____________________ agriculture is a form of industrialized agriculture often used in tropical developing countries.

Question 65

Having ____________________ means that every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy life.

Question 66

Just one centimeter of topsoil (0.4 inch)can take a century to form.

Question 67

Government and private programs that reduce ____________________ also improve food security.

Question 68

Food specialization,which is depending on a small number of food crops for the majority of our food,puts us in a(n)____________________ position.

Question 69

Some traditional subsistence farmers grow several crops on the same plot simultaneously,a practice known as ____________________.

Question 70

Soil is eroding faster than it can be formed on ____________________% of the world's cropland.

Question 71

If everyone in the world today had the average U.S.meat-based diet,the world's current annual grain harvest could feed only about ____________________ billion people.

Question 72

Government subsidies to farmers and fishing fleets promote the overexploitation of natural capital.

Question 73

Spiders kill far fewer insects every year than humans do by using chemicals.

Question 74

A(n)____________________ is any species that interferes with human welfare.

Question 75

The overall aim of integrated pest management is to reduce crop damage to an economically tolerable level.

Question 76

Growing Power,Inc. ,uses greenhouses to capture ____________________ for growing food throughout the year.

Question 77

_______________ percent of all antibiotics used in the United States are added to animal feed.

Question 78

About 88% of the increase in global food production has come from using high-input industrialized agriculture to increase yields in a process called the ____________________.

Question 79

One in every ____________________ people on the planet is chronically undernourished or malnourished.

Question 80

In 1962 Rachel Carson published a book entitled "_______________," which warned of the potential harm to biodiversity because of exposure to pesticides.