Deck 5: Economics of Health Care Delivery

Question 1

The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called:

A) economics.
B) health economics.
C) public health economics.
D) microeconomic theory.

Answer 1

health economics.

Question 2

A characterization of the fourth developmental phase of the health services delivery framework is:

A) nurses in the United States being predominantly women.
B) the expansion of the number and type of health care facilities.
C) dependence on technology for patient care.
D) the discovery and development of pharmacological advances.

Answer 2

dependence on technology for patient care.

Question 3

Public health economics focuses on the:

A) use of resources.
B) availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.
C) scarcity of resources in the health care industry.
D) management and use of monies to improve the health of populations.

Answer 3

availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.

Question 4

A nurse discusses services with a federal congressman.Which of the following services would the nurse most likely be discussing?

A) Family planning
B) Counseling
C) Policy making
D) Prevention of communicable diseases

Question 5

A nurse enrolls in a microeconomics course at a local college.Which of the following best describes the rationale for taking this course?

A) Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
B) Nurses are often involved in federal policy making.
C) Health care policy can be influenced using these principles.
D) Health care supplies can be very costly and nurses must use them wisely.

Question 6

The first phase of development of the health care system was characterized by:

A) the rise in technology.
B) epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria.
C) physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically based programs.
D) an expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities.

Question 7

A business offers wellness incentives to its employees and then notices a decrease in the frequency of physician visits among employees.Which of the following terms best describes what has happened?

A) Macroeconomic theory
B) Efficiency
C) Supply and demand
D) Microeconomic theory

Question 8

A nurse is promoting efficiency within the public health department.Which of the following describes the action the nurse would be taking?

A) Evaluating how well a program of service achieves what was intended
B) Trying new products provided by sales representatives
C) Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
D) Setting up a clinic to look aesthetically pleasing to clients

Question 9

A nurse plans to implement a primary prevention strategy in the community.Which of the following would the nurse most likely complete?

A) Development of a smoking prevention program
B) Development of a support group for widows
C) Development of a hypertension screening program
D) Development of a hospice care program

Question 10

A nurse is working with members of the community to assist them with acquiring health insurance.Which of the following individuals is most likely to be uninsured?

A) An 82-year-old woman with chronic medical problems
B) A 2-year-old whose mother is on welfare
C) A 50-year-old businessman who works for a large corporation
D) A 32-year-old man who works part-time at a small business

Question 11

A community health nurse is assisting clients to access health care.Which of the following individuals would most likely experience a barrier when accessing health care?

A) A 40-year-old female who speaks English
B) A 25-year-old female with health insurance
C) A 50-year-old male with hypertension
D) A 30-year-old male who is unemployed

Question 12

A nurse evaluates a smoking cessation program,the gained or increased financial income,the improvements in the community attributable to the program,and the costs that would result if the program was not offered.Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

A) Cost-effectiveness analysis
B) Cost-benefit analysis
C) Supply and demand
D) Microeconomic theory

Question 13

Which statement regarding poverty and health insurance is true?

A) Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
B) The poor in the United States are as healthy as persons with higher incomes.
C) Persons with money or health insurance are less likely to seek health care.
D) The poor are more likely to receive health care through private agencies.

Question 14

A nurse implements a teen pregnancy prevention program in a high school that has been shown to decrease the rate of teen pregnancy.Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?

A) Effectiveness
B) Efficiency
C) Microeconomics
D) Production

Question 15

A nurse is using the principles of supply and demand in daily practice.Which of the following best describes this phenomenon?

A) The demand for nurses in public health is low, but the supply is high.
B) Few goods or services are available, the price tends to rise.
C) Supplies are low, nurses must find alternate resources.
D) Lesser-developed countries receive supplies from other countries.

Question 16

A nurse conducts a class at a public health clinic on breast self-examination for a group of 50 women.Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?

A) Supply and demand
B) Macroeconomics theory
C) Efficiency
D) Effectiveness

Question 17

A nurse is examining the characteristics that affect one's health.Which of the following would be of greatest concern to the nurse?

A) Obesity
B) Marital status
C) Health insurance
D) Age

Question 18

Which was considered the first national health insurance plan in the United States?

A) Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act
B) Marine Hospital Service
C) Medicare
D) Medicaid

Question 19

A nurse is faced with a macroeconomics issue.Which of the following best describes what is happening?

A) The evaluation of client access to services
B) A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
C) Informing clients and others of the cost of service
D) The referral of clients to available services

Question 20

A public health nurse applies the principles of the macroeconomics theory when working with a community.Which of the following best describes why this theory would be used?

A) The nurse is concerned with factors that determine prices and affect resource allocation.
B) The nurse is concerned with the positive effect of competitiveness on health care costs.
C) The nurse is concerned with the supply, demand, and costs of services available to their clients.
D) The nurse is concerned with the policies to support programs to improve the health of the community.

Question 21

An employee is able to receive health insurance from a former employer after changing jobs.Which of the following best describes the legislation that makes this possible?

A) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
B) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
C) Balanced Budget Act of 1997
D) Social Security Act of 1935

Question 22

Factors that influence health care costs include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Technology and intensity
B) Demographics-the aging population
C) Chronic illness
D) Use of the health care system
E) Type of health care insurance

Question 23

A Medicare recipient has elected to pay a monthly premium for Medicare that will cover expenses,such as laboratory services and equipment.Which of the following parts of Medicare is being described?

A) Part A
B) Part B
C) Part C
D) Part D

Question 24

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney failure and is on dialysis.The nurse recognizes that this client is eligible for which of the following?

A) Medicaid
B) Blue Cross
C) Medicare
D) HMO

Question 25

When a third-party payer establishes the amount of money that will be paid for the delivery of a particular service before offering the service to the client,it is called:

A) retrospective reimbursement.
B) prospective reimbursement.
C) fee-for-service.
D) capitation.

Question 26

A nurse is discussing the services that are covered under Medicare Part A with a client who has recently become eligible for Medicare.Which of the following services is the nurse most likely to mention?

A) Blood draw to assess prothrombin time (PT)/International Normalized Ratio (INR)
B) Physical therapy visit
C) Stay in skilled nursing facility
D) Transportation by an ambulance

Question 27

Medicare and Medicaid are:

A) available to any citizen who wishes to enroll.
B) two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups.
C) private insurance providers.
D) funded by the state government.

Question 28

A physician receives a set amount of money to provide care to a given group of clients for a set period of time.Which of the following terms is being described?

A) Retrospective reimbursement
B) Prospective reimbursement
C) Fee-for-service
D) Capitation

Question 29

Which statement about the Medicare program is accurate?

A) Part A provides coverage for hospitalization.
B) Part A requires payment of a monthly premium for coverage.
C) Part B provides payment for home health services and extended care facilities.
D) Part B is available without cost to all elderly people who have paid social security taxes.

Question 30

Which statement about the reimbursement of health services for nurses is accurate?

A) Reimbursement for health care services can be directed only to physicians.
B) Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists are reimbursed for Medicare Part B services.
C) Nursing care is a separate budget item in determining hospital service costs.
D) Nursing care is reimbursed separately from medical care in outpatient settings.

Question 31

When a health care organization's fees for delivery of services are not decided until after they are provided,it is called:

A) retrospective reimbursement.
B) prospective reimbursement.
C) fee-for-service.
D) capitation.

Question 32

A nurse is working with a client who receives health insurance through a managed care organization.Which of the following best describes this insurance?

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) MSAs
D) Health maintenance organizations

Question 33

A nurse is providing care to an individual who has Medicaid.Which of the following would most likely describe this individual?

A) An 85-year-old female who has hypertension
B) A 25-year-old female who is pregnant
C) A 50-year-old male who is blind
D) A 70-year-old male who is hearing impaired