Deck 15: International Trade and Finance

Question 1

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. In Pada the cost of producing one more unit of corn is equal to:

A) 3 units of wheat.
B) 3 units of corn.
C) 1/3 unit of wheat.
D) 15 units of wheat.
E) 30 units of wheat.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. If these two nations trade, Pada should specialize in the production of:

A) corn.
B) corn and wheat.
C) neither product since Nabia has the comparative advantage in the production of both.
D) neither product since Nabia has the absolute advantage in the production of both.
E) wheat.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Opening trade between two nations would:

A) shift their production possibilities curves outward.
B) shift their production possibilities curves inward.
C) leave the production possibilities unchanged and increase their consumption possibilities.
D) leave the production possibilities unchanged and decreased their consumption possibilities.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What country is our largest trading partner, as measured by exports and imports?

A) Japan.
B) The United Kingdom.
C) China.
D) Canada.
E) Mexico.

Question 5

International trade has the potential to ____ the availability of goods and services to ____.

A) increase; those nations who export more than they import
B) increase; nations that have an absolute advantage in the production of a good or service
C) increase; all nations
D) decrease; all nations

Question 6

Specialization and trade allow an economy to expand its:

A) production possibilities.
B) consumption possibilities.
C) technological advantage.
D) absolute advantage.

Question 7

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. If these two nations trade, Nabia should specialize in the production of:

A) corn.
B) corn and wheat.
C) neither product since Pada has the comparative advantage in the production of both.
D) neither product since Pada has the absolute advantage in the production of both.
E) wheat.

Question 8

Exhibit 15-2 Production possibilities curves for U.S. and Mexico
As shown in Exhibit 15-2, the United States has a comparative advantage over Mexico in:

A) wheat, but not in cloth.
B) cloth, but not in wheat.
C) both wheat and cloth.
D) neither wheat nor cloth

Question 9

Without trade, the consumption possibilities for two nations are:

A) outside their production possibilities curve.
B) inside their production possibilities curve.
C) along their production possibilities curve.
D) at a point equal to the world production possibilities curve.

Question 10

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. Suppose Pada produces at point B on its PPC. How much corn is the country able to produce?

A) 2.
B) 15.
C) 10.
D) 6.
E) 13.

Question 11

Suppose Japan has a comparative advantage over Canada in the production of DVDs. This means that Japan:

A) needs fewer resources to produce DVDS than does Canada.
B) has better technology for producing DVDs than does Canada.
C) has a lower opportunity cost of DVD production than does Canada.
D) can produce more DVDs in a given period of time than can Canada.

Question 12

If a nation follows a policy of being self-sufficient, its:

A) production possibilities equal its consumption possibilities.
B) consumption possibilities are greater than its production possibilities.
C) production possibilities curve shifts rightward.
D) consumption possibilities are less than its production possibilities.

Question 13

Suppose that country X can produce 1,000 pounds of flour per hour, or catch 500 pounds of fish per hour. In contrast, country Y can produce 1,800 pounds of flour per hour, or catch 300 pounds of fish per hour. If both countries specialize in their comparative advantage and trade, by how much combined output of fish and flour per hour be greater than if there were no trade and the countries divide an hour of time equally between each output?

A) ​200 pounds of flour and 200 pounds of fish.
B) ​400 pounds of flour and 100 pounds of fish.
C) ​50 pounds of flour and 50 pounds of fish.
D) ​160 pounds of flour and 200 pounds of fish.

Question 14

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. In Nabia the cost of producing one more unit of wheat is equal to:

A) 4 units of corn.
B) 4 units of wheat.
C) 1/4 unit of corn.
D) 15 units of corn.
E) 60 units of corn.

Question 15

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. In Pada the cost of producing one more unit of wheat is equal to:

A) 3 units of corn.
B) 1/3 unit of corn.
C) 1/3 unit of wheat.
D) 15 units of corn.
E) 30 units of corn.

Question 16

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. In Nabia the cost of producing one more unit of corn is equal to:

A) 4 units of wheat.
B) 4 units of corn.
C) 1/4 unit of wheat.
D) 15 units of wheat.
E) 60 units of wheat.

Question 17

Trade between nations A and B:

A) leaves the production possibilities of nation A unchanged.
B) leaves the production possibilities of nation B unchanged.
C) increases the consumption possibilities of both nations.
D) All of these are true.

Question 18

Exhibit 15-2 Production possibilities curves for U.S. and Mexico
As shown in Exhibit 15-2, in Mexico, producing 1 additional ton of wheat costs:

A) 1/2 ton of cloth.
B) 2/3 ton of cloth.
C) 1 ton of cloth.
D) 1 1/2 tons of cloth.

Question 19

Exhibit 15-1 Production possibilities curves
In Exhibit 15-1, the production possibilities curves of wheat and corn for Nabia and Pada are presented. Suppose Nabia produces at point A on its PPC. How many units of wheat is the country able to produce?

A) 15.
B) 60.
C) 5.
D) 20.
E) 40.

Question 20

With the benefits of international trade:

A) there can be increased consumption for all.
B) global production will be increased.
C) world resources will be used more efficiently.
D) all of these are true.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Specialization and trade along the lines of comparative advantage allows nations to consume more than if they were to produce just for themselves.
B) Free trade theory suggests that when trade takes place any gains made by one nation comes at the expense of another.
C) According to the theory of comparative advantage, a nation should specialize in the production of those goods for which it has an absolute advantage.
D) All of these.

Question 22

A nation benefits from international trade if it:

A) exports more than it imports.
B) imports more than it exports.
C) imports goods for which it is a low opportunity cost producer.
D) exports goods for which it is a low opportunity cost producer.

Question 23

In a two good, two-country world, a country has a comparative advantage in any good for which it has a:

A) lower absolute cost than the other country.
B) lower opportunity cost than the other country.
C) higher absolute cost than the other country.
D) higher opportunity cost than the other country.

Question 24

The theory of comparative advantage suggests that a(n):

A) industrialized country should not import.
B) country that is not competitive should import everything.
C) country specialize in producing goods or services for which it has a lower opportunity cost.
D) none of these.

Question 25

Comparative advantage explains why a nation will benefit from trade when:

A) it exports more than it imports.
B) its trading partners are experiencing offsetting losses.
C) it exports goods for which it is a high-opportunity cost producer, while importing those for which it is a low-opportunity cost producer.
D) it exports goods for which it is a low-opportunity cost producer, while importing those for which it is a high-opportunity cost producer.

Question 26

Following the principle of comparative advantage, specialization:

A) permits greater levels of total production than would be attained without it.
B) increases the dependency of countries on trade.
C) both of the above.
D) neither of the above.

Question 27

If the United States were to adopt a policy of free trade with European countries and Japan, this policy would:

A) help the United States and hurt the other countries because the United States has a larger population.
B) help all of the countries involved because every country would have a comparative advantage in the production of some goods.
C) hurt all of the countries involved because all the countries are capable of producing anything that could be produced in one of the other countries.
D) help the United States and hurt the other countries because the United States has more natural resources than the other countries.

Question 28

A country that has a lower opportunity cost of producing a good:

A) has a comparative advantage.
B) can produce the good using fewer resources than another country.
C) requires fewer labor hours to produce the good.
D) all of these.

Question 29

Suppose rice can be produced in country X at a lower cost than in country Y, while tuna can be produced in country Y at a lower cost than in country X. International competition will:

A) destroy the rice market in both countries.
B) drive X to specialize in rice and Y to specialize in tuna.
C) drive Y to specialize in rice and X to specialize in tuna.
D) cause both X and Y to reject international specialization.
E) result in lower total output of rice and tuna.

Question 30

Suppose that the Zubians can produce 1000 pounds of flour per hours, or catch 500 pounds of fish per hour. In contrast, the Zirconians can produce 1800 pounds of flour per hour, or catch 300 pounds of fish per hours. What is the comparative advantage of the Zubians?

A) Flour.
B) Fish.
C) Neither flour nor fish.
D) Both flour and fish.

Question 31

A country is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of a good when it:

A) has the lower opportunity cost of producing the good.
B) can produce the good using fewer resources than another country.
C) requires fewer labor hours to produce the good.
D) all of these.

Question 32

According to the principle of comparative advantage, total output and consumption levels will be highest when goods are produced in nations according to which of the following conditions?

A) Opportunity costs are lowest.
B) Absolute advantages are highest.
C) Opportunity costs are equal.
D) Absolute advantages are lowest.

Question 33

The theory of comparative advantage suggests that nations should produce a good if they:

A) have the lowest opportunity cost.
B) have the lowest wages.
C) have the most resources.
D) can produce more of the good than any other nation.

Question 34

Comparative advantage indicates that:

A) specialization and exchange will cause trading partners to reduce their joint output.
B) a nation can gain from trade even when it is at an absolute disadvantage in producing all goods.
C) trade with low-wage countries will pull down the wages of workers in high-wage countries.
D) all of these.

Question 35

Comparative advantage indicates that:

A) specialization and exchange will permit trading partners to maximize their joint consumption.
B) a nation can gain from trade only if it is not at an absolute disadvantage in producing all goods.
C) a nation can gain from trade only when its trading partners are not low-wage countries.
D) countries should export products for which they are high-opportunity cost producers.

Question 36

Assume the United States can use a given amount of its resources to produce either 20 airplanes or 8 automobiles and Japan can employ the same amount of its resources to produce either 20 airplanes or 10 automobiles. The U.S. should specialize in:

A) airplanes.
B) automobiles.
C) both goods.
D) neither good.

Question 37

The theory of comparative advantage suggests that nations should produce a good if they:

A) have the lowest opportunity cost.
B) have the lowest wages.
C) have the most resources.
D) can produce more of the good than any other nation.

Question 38

A nation should specialize in the production of the product for which it has a(n):

A) absolute advantage.
B) exchange rate.
C) specialization.
D) comparative advantage.
E) terms of trade.

Question 39

Which of the following provides the foundation of the case for free trade?

A) The law of diminishing marginal utility
B) The anti-dumping argument
C) The industrial diversity argument
D) The theory of comparative advantage

Question 40

Comparative advantage is the ability of a country to produce a good at a ________ opportunity cost relative to other countries.

A) higher
B) lower
C) equivalent
D) none of the above

Question 41

If a country has a comparative advantage in oil, then this means that the opportunity cost of producing oil is:

A) high.
B) low.
C) zero.
D) infinite.
E) equal to all other goods.

Question 42

Juanita, a lawyer, can type faster than Jill, her secretary. Jill, on the other hand, does not have the ability or skills to practice law. Applying the principles of international trade to this situation, an economic consultant advises Juanita to:

A) fire Jill, practice law during the day, and do her own typing at night.
B) practice law and leave all the typing to the secretary.
C) divide her time equally between typing and practicing law.
D) quit practicing law and take a job as a secretary.
E) have Jill attend law school.

Question 43

Suppose that Spain has a comparative advantage in hats and Portugal has a comparative advantage in doormats. Under a system of free trade, each country specializes and then trades with the other. If the price starts at four hats per doormat, and then increases to five hats per doormat, then:

A) people in Portugal will not want to buy as many hats.
B) Spain no longer has a comparative advantage in hats.
C) Portugal is flooding the market with too many doormats.
D) some of the gains from trade shift to Portugal.
E) some of the gains from trade shift to Spain.

Question 44

If Dana can paint his house faster than Luke, a professional house painter, then:

A) Dana has a comparative advantage in house painting.
B) Dana has an absolute advantage in house painting.
C) Luke has a comparative advantage in house painting.
D) Luke has an absolute advantage in house painting.
E) Dana should always paint his own house.

Question 45

If India has an absolute advantage in rug production when compared to England, then:

A) India should export rugs to England.
B) England should export rugs to India.
C) international trade should not occur.
D) England uses fewer resources to produce rugs than India.
E) India uses fewer resources to produce rugs than England.

Question 46

A country that can produce a good using fewer resources than another country has a(n):

A) lower opportunity cost of producing the good than another country.
B) absolute advantage.
C) specialization in the production of the good.
D) all of these.

Question 47

Absolute advantage is the ability of a country to produce a good with ________ than another country.

A) a lower opportunity cost
B) a higher opportunity cost
C) fewer resources
D) more resources

Question 48

If one country can produce a good with fewer resources than another country, this is called:

A) specialization.
B) geographic advantage.
C) comparative advantage.
D) absolute advantage.
E) free trade.

Question 49

If nation A has an absolute advantage over nation B in the production of a product, this implies that:

A) it requires fewer resources in A to produce the good than in B.
B) the cost of producing the good in terms of some other good's production that must be sacrificed is lower in A than in B.
C) nation B could not benefit by engaging in trade with A.
D) nation A should acquire this product by trading with B.
E) nation A could not benefit by engaging in trade with B.

Question 50

A country is said to have an absolute advantage in the production of a good when:

A) its opportunity cost of producing the good is lower than another country.
B) it can produce the good using fewer resources than another country.
C) it specializes in the production of the good.
D) all of these.

Question 51

If a country has a lower opportunity cost of producing oranges, then this is:

A) inefficient resource use.
B) an absolute advantage.
C) a tariff.
D) a comparative advantage.
E) a situation where oranges should be imported.

Question 52

If a country has a comparative advantage in the production of all goods, it should:

A) specialize in the production of goods with the lowest opportunity cost.
B) specialize in the production of goods with the highest opportunity cost.
C) specialize in the production of goods with the absolute advantage.
D) specialize in the production of goods without the absolute advantage.
E) not specialize at all and produce all the goods itself.

Question 53

When Brazil can generate a product using fewer labor hours and resources than the United States, an economist would say that Brazil had:

A) a comparative advantage in production of the product.
B) an absolute advantage in production of the product.
C) a higher opportunity cost of producing the product.
D) no incentive to import the product, regardless of the cost-price conditions for other products.

Question 54

Absolute advantage occurs when one nation can produce a good ____ its trading partners.

A) in larger quantities than
B) faster than
C) that is desired by
D) more efficiently than
E) only consumed by

Question 55

If Japan gives up ten bushels of rice to produce one bicycle, while the United States gives up five bushels of rice to produce one bicycle, then:

A) the opportunity cost of producing bicycles in the United States is higher than in Japan.
B) Japan has a comparative advantage in the production of bicycles.
C) the United States has an absolute advantage in the production of rice.
D) total output will be highest if the United States specializes in rice and Japan specializes in bicycles.
E) total output will be highest if Japan specializes in rice and the United States specializes in bicycles.

Question 56

If the opportunity cost of producing cheese is higher in Greece than it is in Italy, then:

A) Greece should specialize in producing cheese.
B) Italy should specialize in producing cheese.
C) both Greece and Italy should produce cheese.
D) Greece gives up fewer goods to produce cheese than Italy does.
E) Italy has a better economy than Greece.

Question 57

If Country A has an absolute advantage over Country B in the production of every commodity:

A) mutual gains from trade between Country A and Country B would be impossible.
B) Country B would be able to gain from trade but not country A.
C) the joint output of the two countries could not be increased through specialization and exchange.
D) mutual gains from trade would still be possible.

Question 58

If it costs the DuPont Chemical Company more to make the chemical flaxinate in the United States than it does to make it in Formosa, the Formosans must have:

A) lower demand for flaxinate.
B) tariffs on flaxinate.
C) inefficient markets.
D) a more favorable political environment.
E) an absolute advantage in flaxinate production.

Question 59

If nation A has a comparative advantage over nation B in the production of a product, this implies:

A) it requires fewer resources in A to produce the good than in B.
B) the cost of producing the good in terms of some other good's production that must be sacrificed is lower in A than in B.
C) that nation B could not benefit by engaging in trade with A.
D) that nation A should acquire this product by trading with B.
E) that nation A could not benefit by engaging in trade with B.

Question 60

Exhibit 15-3 Potatoes and wheat output (tons per day)
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Potatoes } & \text { Wheat } \\\hline \text { United States } & 4 & 2 \\\text { Ireland } & 3 & 1 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-If each nation in Exhibit 15-3 specializes in producing the good for which it has a comparative advantage, then:

A) Ireland would produce neither potatoes or wheat.
B) the United States would produce both potatoes and wheat.
C) the United States would produce potatoes.
D) Ireland would produce potatoes.

Question 61

Which of the following would be expected if the tariff on foreign-produced shoes were decreased?

A) The domestic price of shoes would fall.
B) The supply of foreign shoes to the domestic market would decline, causing shoe prices to rise.
C) The number of unemployed workers in the domestic shoe industry would decline.
D) The demand for foreign-produced shoes would decrease, causing the price of shoes to increase in other nations.

Question 62

A tariff can be defined as a:

A) tax on imports.
B) tax on exports.
C) legal limit on imports.
D) legal limit on exports.

Question 63

Suppose a country with a large domestic textile industry removed all tariffs on imported textiles, we would expect domestic:

A) textile prices to decline.
B) textile production to increase.
C) textile employment to increase.
D) textile prices to rise.

Question 64

A tariff is a:

A) tax on an exported product.
B) limit on the number of goods that can be exported.
C) limit on the number of goods that can be imported.
D) tax on an imported product.
E) subsidy on an imported product.

Question 65

Exhibit 15-3 Potatoes and wheat output (tons per day)
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Potatoes } & \text { Wheat } \\\hline \text { United States } & 4 & 2 \\\text { Ireland } & 3 & 1 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-In Exhibit 15-3, the United States has an absolute advantage in producing:

A) potatoes.
B) wheat.
C) both.
D) neither.

Question 66

Exhibit 15-4 Coffee and tea output (pounds per hour) $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Coffee } & \text { T ea } \\\hline \text { Brazil } & 10 & 5 \\\text { China } & 8 & 8 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-If specialization were carried out by each country in Exhibit 15-4 on the basis of comparative advantage, then:

A) Brazil would produce neither coffee nor tea.
B) China would produce both coffee and tea.
C) Brazil would produce tea and China would produce coffee.
D) Brazil would produce coffee and China would produce tea.

Question 67

A tariff has the effect of:

A) raising the price of the exported product.
B) increasing the demand for the exported product.
C) increasing the demand for the imported product.
D) increasing the supply of the imported product.
E) raising the price of the imported product.

Question 68

Exhibit 15-4 Coffee and tea output (pounds per hour) $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Coffee } & \text { T ea } \\\hline \text { Brazil } & 10 & 5 \\\text { China } & 8 & 8 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-As shown in Exhibit 15-4, the opportunity cost to Brazil of producing one pound of coffee is:

A) 1 pound of tea.
B) 5 pounds of tea.
C) 1/2 pound of tea.
D) 10 pounds of tea.

Question 69

When a nation totally bans trade with another country, it is imposing a(n):

A) tariff.
B) embargo.
C) quota.
D) none of these.

Question 70

A tariff is:

A) a duty that a company must pay its own government on exports.
B) the price charged by one country to buyers of a good in another country.
C) a price reduction designed to encourage international trade.
D) a tax on an import.

Question 71

Tariff rates on products imported into the United States:

A) were prohibited by the Constitution.
B) have dropped substantially over the past 50 years.
C) reached an all time high in 1996.
D) have steadily increased since 1920.
E) have never played a big part in U.S. trade policy.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true with respect to a tariff on imported cheese?

A) It lowers the price of cheese.
B) It lowers domestic cheese producers' profits.
C) It creates tax revenues for the government.
D) It cannot result in retaliation.
E) It increases the amount of foreign cheese sold.

Question 73

Exhibit 15-4 Coffee and tea output (pounds per hour) $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Coffee } & \text { T ea } \\\hline \text { Brazil } & 10 & 5 \\\text { China } & 8 & 8 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-As shown in Exhibit 15-4, if each country produced according to its comparative advantage, Brazil would produce:

A) tea and China would produce coffee.
B) coffee and China would produce tea.
C) both coffee and tea.
D) neither coffee nor tea.

Question 74

Suppose the United States decides to impose a $1,000 tax on every Japanese minivan sold in the United States. This is an example of:

A) a tariff.
B) free trade.
C) comparative advantage.
D) the diversity of industry argument.
E) a quota.

Question 75

Protective tariffs help a nation reach which of the following goals?

A) Decreased domestic consumer prices.
B) Increased domestic employment.
C) Increased amount of goods for consumers to purchase.
D) Increased competition among domestic and foreign producers.
E) None of these.

Question 76

A tax on an imported good is called:

A) an export.
B) dumping.
C) a quota.
D) a tariff.
E) free trade.

Question 77

A tax levied on imported goods is called a(n):

A) excise tax.
B) quota.
C) foreign profits tax.
D) tariff.

Question 78

Which of the following would be expected if the tariff on foreign-produced automobiles were increased?

A) The domestic price of automobiles would fall.
B) The supply of foreign automobiles to the domestic market would decline, causing auto prices to rise.
C) The number of unemployed workers in the domestic automobile industry would rise.
D) The demand for foreign-produced automobiles would increase, causing the price of automobiles to increase in other nations.

Question 79

Exhibit 15-4 Coffee and tea output (pounds per hour) $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Country } & \text { Coffee } & \text { T ea } \\\hline \text { Brazil } & 10 & 5 \\\text { China } & 8 & 8 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-As shown in Exhibit 15-4, compared to Brazil, China has a comparative advantage in the production of:

A) coffee.
B) tea.
C) both coffee and tea.
D) neither coffee nor tea.

Question 80

The primary benefits derived from tariffs usually accrue to the:

A) domestic consumers of goods protected by the tariffs.
B) foreign producers of goods protected by the tariffs.
C) domestic producers of export goods.
D) domestic suppliers of goods protected by the tariffs.