Deck 3: Issues of Budgeting and Control

Question 1

Not-for-profit budgets focus first on revenues and secondarily on expenditures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An officially adopted budget is generally called

A)An appropriation bill.
B)An operating budget.
C)A capital budget.
D)None of the above.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Cash-basis budgets help governments focus on interperiod equity.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Property taxes levied on the citizens of the Hill County would most appropriately be budgeted in which of the following budgets?

A)Operating budget.
B)Capital budget.
C)Flexible budget.
D)All of the above.

Question 5

Encumbrances and expenditures both reduce total fund balances of state and local governments.

Question 6

When budgets are integrated into a government's accounting system, estimated revenues are debited.

Question 7

For which of the following funds would flexible budgeting be most valuable?

A)Special revenue fund.
B)Capital projects fund.
C)Agency fund.
D)Enterprise fund.

Question 8

Capital budgets concentrate on long-lived assets.

Question 9

Reserve for encumbrances accounts should be closed at year-end.

Question 10

Expenditures should be budgeted by "character." An example of a character classification would be

A)Current expenditures.
B)Salaries.
C)Public Safety.
D)Police Department.

Question 11

The accounting cycle for most governments is two to three years, consistent with the terms of elected officials.

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary benefit of a performance budget?

A)It facilitates control by establishing rigid spending mandates.
B)It encourages accomplishment of objectives by associating expenditures with outcomes.
C)It encourages planning by requiring management to anticipate every type of expenditure.
D)It provides decision-makers with detailed information.

Question 13

State and local governments must prepare their GAAP budgetary comparisons on the modified accrual basis of accounting.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of a budget in the governmental environment?

A)Planning.
B)Organizing.
C)Controlling.
D)Evaluating.

Question 15

Capital budgets focus on plans for the acquisition and construction of fixed assets.

Question 16

Which branch of local (city and county)government most commonly prepares the budget?

A)Executive branch.
B)Legislative branch.
C)Judicial branch.
D)None of the above.

Question 17

Most budgets are prepared on a cash or modified cash basis.

Question 18

Periodic allocations of funds to departments or agencies are generally called

A)Appropriations.
B)Allotments.
C)Allocations.
D)None of the above.

Question 19

Neither the GASB nor the FASB sets standards for budgetary accounting.

Question 20

State and local governments' budget-to-actual comparisons present both original and final budget amounts.

Question 21

The City of Lakeview adopts its budget on a basis of accounting that permits outstanding purchase commitments to be charged against the budget in the year that the goods are ordered instead of in the year they are received.During the year the city ordered and received $4,000 of supplies (of which $3,000 had been paid and $1,000 was unpaid)and had $500 of outstanding purchase commitments for supplies at year-end.In the budget-to-actual comparison, the expenditures for supplies would be:

A)$3,000.
B)$3,500.
C)$4,000.
D)$4,500.

Question 22

A university that formally integrates the budget in the accounting system and uses encumbrance accounting orders some new computers that will cost approximately $20,000.To recognize this event the university should make which of the following entries?

A)Debit Expenditures $20,000; credit Encumbrances $20,000
B)Debit Encumbrances $20,000; credit Reserve for encumbrances $20,000
C)Debit Encumbrances $20,000; credit Accounts payable $20,000
D)No entry required when the order is placed.

Question 23

A governmental entity has formally integrated the budget into its accounting records.At year-end the ledger account "Revenues from property taxes" has a debit balance.Which of the following is the best explanation for the debit balance?

A)The entity overestimated property tax revenue when preparing its budget.
B)The entity underestimated property tax revenue when preparing its budget.
C)The entity collected more in property taxes than it anticipated.
D)There is no logical explanation; revenue accounts usually do not have debit balances.

Question 24

A city received supplies that had been previously encumbered.The supplies were encumbered for $5,000 and had an actual cost of $4,900.To recognize this event the county should make which of the following entries?

A)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $5,000 and Supplies $4,900; credit Encumbrances $5,000 and Vouchers payable $4,900.
B)Debit Encumbrances $5,000 and Supplies $4,900; credit Reserve for encumbrances $5,000 and Vouchers payable $4,900.
C)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $4,900 and Supplies $4,900; credit Encumbrances $4,900 and Vouchers payable $4,900.
D)Debit Encumbrances $4,900 and Supplies $4,900; credit Reserve for encumbrances $4,900 and Vouchers payable $4,900.

Question 25

At year-end Oakland County had $3,000 of outstanding purchase commitments on the books.After the appropriate closing entries are made, what is the effect on the total fund balance of Oakland County?

A)It is $3,000 greater than it would have been if the purchase commitments had been fulfilled by year-end.
B)It is $3,000 less than it would have been if the purchase commitments had been fulfilled by year-end.
C)It is the same as it would have been if the purchase commitments had been fulfilled by year-end; it will be reduced by $3,000 next year.
D)It is the same as it would have been if the purchase commitments had been fulfilled by year-end; it will not change next year.

Question 26

A county previously encumbered $15,000 for the acquisition of supplies.The supplies were received at a total cost of $14,700.To recognize this event the county should make which of the following entries?

A)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $15,000; credit Encumbrances $15,000.
B)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $14,700; credit Encumbrances $14,700.
C)Debit Encumbrances $15,000; credit Reserve for encumbrances $15,000.
D)Debit Encumbrances $14,700; credit Reserve for encumbrances $14,700.

Question 27

To close Encumbrances at the end of the year which of the following entries should be made?

A)Debit Encumbrances; credit Fund balance.
B)Debit Reserve for encumbrances; credit Encumbrances.
C)Debit Fund balance; credit Encumbrances.
D)No closing entry needed.

Question 28

A public school district formally adopted a budget with estimated revenues of $800 and approved expenditures of $780.Which of the following is the appropriate entry to record the budget?

A)Debit Estimated revenues $800; credit Appropriations $780; credit Fund balance $20.
B)Debit Appropriations $780; Debit Fund balance $20; credit Estimated revenues $800.
C)Debit Encumbrances $780; Debit Fund balance $20; credit Estimated revenues $800.
D)Memorandum entry only.

Question 29

Which of the following is the best reason for preparing budgets for government entities on the cash basis?

A)Cash basis budgeting helps to achieve interperiod equity.
B)Cash basis budgeting helps to ensure that the government will receive no more in revenues than itis required to disburse.
C)Cash basis budgeting helps a government plan to have cash on hand to pay bills
D)Cash basis budgeting more accurately reflects the economic impact of fiscal activities.

Question 30

GASB requires that government entities present their budget-to-actual comparison data on which of the following bases of accounting?

A)Budgetary basis.
B)Cash basis.
C)Modified accrual basis.
D)Accrual basis.

Question 31

To close Reserve for encumbrances at the end of the year which of the following entries should be made?

A)Debit Reserve for encumbrances; credit Fund balance.
B)Debit Reserve for encumbrances; credit Encumbrances.
C)Debit Fund balance; credit Reserve for encumbrances.
D)No closing entry needed.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a reason that legally adopted budgets may not be readily comparable to amounts reported in the GAAP-based financial statements?

A)Differences in basis of accounting.
B)Differences in timing.
C)Differences in reporting entity.
D)Differences in recognition.

Question 33

When Spruce City receives goods at a cost of $9,700 that were encumbered in the prior year for $10,000, which of the following entries are required (assume that encumbrances lapse at year end)?

A)Debit Expenditures $9,700; credit Accounts payable $9,700; no entry for Encumbrances.
B)Debit Expenditures $9,700 and Reserve for encumbrances $10,000; credit Accounts payable $9,700 and Encumbrances $10,000.
C)Debit Expenditures $10,000 and Reserve for encumbrances $10,000; credit Accounts payable $10,000 and Encumbrances $10,000.
D)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $10,000; credit Encumbrances $10,000; no entry for Expenditures.

Question 34

A governmental entity has formally integrated the budget into its accounting records and uses encumbrance accounting.During the year the government ordered but had not yet received a new police car.What effect will this event have on the unencumbered balance in the account "Expenditures-capital outlay, police department"?

A)The balance in the account will not be affected until the police car is received.
B)The balance in the account will be increased.
C)The balance in the account will be decreased.
D)Purchase orders never affect any budgetary account balances.

Question 35

During the previous year, Bane County closed its Encumbrances account.At the end of the previous year there was $5,000 of outstanding purchase commitments.To restore these commitments to the accounts, which of the following entries would be required?

A)Debit Reserve for encumbrances $5,000; credit Encumbrances $5,000.
B)Debit Encumbrances $5,000; credit Reserve for encumbrances $5,000.
C)Debit Encumbrances $5,000; credit Fund balance $5,000
D)Debit Fund balance $5,000; credit Reserve for encumbrances $5,000.

Question 36

A city formally adopted a budget at the beginning of the current year.Budgeted revenues were $500 and budgeted expenditures were $490.During the year actual revenues were $520 and actual expenditures were $480.Which of the following statements is true?Fund balance at the end of the current year in comparison to fund balance at the end of the preceding year will be

A)$10 greater.
B)$30 greater.
C)$40 greater.
D)$50 greater.

Question 37

A county general fund budget includes budgeted revenues of $900 and budgeted expenditures of $890.Actual revenues for the year were $915.To close the estimated revenues account at the end of the year

A)Debit Estimated revenues $15
B)Credit Estimated revenue $15
C)Debit Estimated revenues $900
D)Credit Estimated revenues $900

Question 38

A governmental entity has formally integrated the budget into its accounting records.At the end of the third quarter the ledger account "Expenditures--salaries" has a $100,000 debit balance.Which of the following is a true statement?

A)The entity has $100,000 available to spend on salaries.
B)The entity has incurred salaries in the amount of $100,000.
C)The entity had paid salaries in the amount of $100,000.
D)The entity has overspent its budget for salaries by $100,000.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true about cash basis budgeting?

A)Cash basis budgeting permits a government to balance its budget by delaying cash disbursements.
B)Cash basis budgeting permits a government to balance its budget by advancing the recognition of revenue.
C)Cash basis budgeting encourages interperiod equity.
D)Cash basis budgeting complicates financial accounting and reporting.

Question 40

Which of the following bases of accounting has been established by GASB for use in the preparation of the general fund budget?

A)Cash basis.
B)Modified accrual basis.
C)Accrual basis.
D)None of the above.

Question 41

A review of Park City's books shows the following information: I.$2,500 of outstanding vouchers payable
II)$3,000 of outstanding purchase order amounts
Which of these amounts would you expect to see in the general fund's encumbrances account?

A)$2,500
B)$3,000
C)$5,500
D)$500

Question 42

Washington County received goods that had been approved for purchase but for which payment had not yet been made.Should the following accounts be increased?

Question 43

Hill City uses encumbrance accounting to control expenditures.However, it charges the cost of outstanding purchase commitments to expenditures in the year they are received, not in the year they are ordered.If Hill City had $10,000 of purchase commitments outstanding at the end of Year 1 and received those goods during Year 2 at a cost of $9,800, what would be the impact on total fund balance for Year 2?

A)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $9,800 less than at the end of Year 1.
B)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $200 less than at the end of Year 1.
C)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $200 greater than at the end of Year 1.
D)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be same as it was at the end of Year 1.

Question 44

The City of Denton uses encumbrance accounting to control expenditures.It charges the cost of outstanding purchase commitments to expenditures in the year they are received, not in the year they are ordered.If the city had $11,000 of purchase commitments outstanding at the end of Year 1 and received those goods during Year 2 at a cost of $11,700, what would be the impact on total fund balance for Year 2?

A)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $11,700 less than at the end of Year 1.
B)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $700 less than at the end of Year 1.
C)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $700 greater than at the end of Year 1.
D)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be same as it was at the end of Year 1.

Question 45

Carolina City places an order for a specific item of equipment and encumbers $6,000 for that item.The equipment arrives with an invoice for $5,700.Which of the following entries should the city make upon receipt of the equipment?

A)A debit to expenditures for $5,700, a debit to accounts payable for $300, and a credit to encumbrances for $6,000.
B)A debit to expenditures for $5,700, a debit to reserve for encumbrances for $6,000, a credit to accounts payable for $5,700, and a credit to encumbrances for $6,000.
C)A debit to expenditures for $5,700, a debit to reserve for encumbrances for $300, and a credit to accounts payable for $6,000.
D)A debit to expenditures for $300, a debit to reserve for encumbrances for $5,700, and a credit to encumbrances for $6,000.

Question 46

Per GASB standards, a budget-to-actual comparison must include columns for the actual results and

A)The original budget only.
B)The final budget only.
C)Both the original and the final budget.
D)Both the amended and the final budget.

Question 47

Which of the following is the primary reason why governments formally integrate their legally adopted budget into their accounting systems?

A)It is required by GASB.
B)It enables the government to better control its expenditures.
C)It keeps the government from overspending its budget.
D)It helps a government by letting it know when it is in danger of overspending its budget.

Question 48

Lincoln County uses encumbrance accounting to control expenditures.It charges the cost of outstanding purchase commitments to expenditures in the year they are ordered, not in the year they are received.If the county had $7,000 of purchase commitments outstanding at the end of Year 1 and received those goods during Year 2 at a cost of $7,800, what would be the impact on total fund balance for Year 2?

A)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $7,800 less than at the end of Year 1.
B)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $800 less than at the end of Year 1.
C)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be $800 greater than at the end of Year 1.
D)Total fund balance at the end of Year 2 would be the same as it was at the end of Year 1

Question 49

Why would a government be more likely than a not-for-profit organization to integrate its budget into its accounting system?

A)Because the amount of expenditures is likely to be greater.
B)Because the penalties for exceeding budgeted expenditures are more severe.
C)Because governments have more sophisticated accounting systems than not-for-profit organizations.
D)Governments are NOT more likely than not-for-profits to formally integrate their budget into their accounting system.

Question 50

In which of the following cases would the reserve for encumbrances account be decreased?

A)Budget revisions are made, decreasing appropriations
B)Payment is made for goods received
C)Goods, related to purchase orders, are received
D)Purchase orders are issued