Deck 1: Data and Statistics

Question 1

The entities on which data are collected are

A) elements.
B) populations.
C) samples.
D) observations.

Answer 1

elements.

Question 2

The data measured on ordinal scale exhibits all the properties of data measured on

A) ratio scale.
B) interval scale.
C) nominal scale.
D) nominal and interval scales.

Answer 2

nominal scale.

Question 3

The scale of measurement that is used to rank order the observation for a variable is called the _____ scale.

A) ratio
B) ordinal
C) nominal
D) interval

Answer 3

ordinal

Question 4

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as male or female.The scale of measurement for gender is _____ scale.

A) ordinal
B) nominal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 5

All the data collected in a particular study are referred to as the

A) sample.
B) variable.
C) data set.
D) population.

Question 6

The measurement scale suitable for quantitative data is _____ scale.

A) the ordinal
B) the nominal
C) either the interval or ratio
D) only the interval

Question 7

Height is an example of a variable that uses the _____ scale.

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 8

The scale of measurement that has an inherent zero value defined is the _____ scale.

A) ratio
B) nominal
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 9

The process of capturing, storing, and maintaining data is known as

A) data manipulation.
B) data mining.
C) data warehousing.
D) big data.

Question 10

Arithmetic operations provide meaningful results for variables that

A) use any scale of measurement except nominal and ordinal.
B) appear as non-numerical values.
C) are quantitative.
D) have non-negative values.

Question 11

A restaurant asks their customers to fill out a questionnaire indicating whether their service was excellent, very good, good, or poor.The rating scale used is an example of the _____ scale.

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 12

Quantitative data

A) are always non-numeric.
B) may be either numeric or non-numeric.
C) are always numeric.
D) are never numeric.

Question 13

The subject of data mining deals with

A) methods for developing useful decision-making information from large data bases.
B) keeping data secure so that unauthorized individuals cannot access the data.
C) computational procedure for data analysis.
D) computing the average for data.

Question 14

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their marital status as single, married, divorced, or widowed.Marital status is an example of a(n) _____ variable.

A) categorical
B) quantitative
C) interval-scale
D) ordinal-scale

Question 15

Data are

A) always numeric.
B) always non-numeric.
C) the raw material of statistics.
D) always categorical.

Question 16

Data measured a nominal scale

A) must be alphabetic.
B) can be either numeric or nonnumeric.
C) must be numeric.
D) must rank order the data.

Question 17

Measurement of body temperature is an example of a variable that uses

A) the ratio scale.
B) the interval scale.
C) the ordinal scale.
D) either the ratio or the ordinal scale.

Question 18

The set of measurements collected for a particular element are called

A) variables.
B) observations.
C) samples.
D) populations.

Question 19

A characteristic of interest for the elements is called a

A) sample.
B) data set.
C) variable.
D) quality.

Question 20

Different methods of developing useful information from large data bases are dealt with under

A) data manipulation.
B) data warehousing.
C) big data.
D) data mining.

Question 21

Goals scored in a soccer game is an example of

A) a categorical variable.
B) a quantitative variable.
C) either a quantitative or categorical variable.
D) neither a quantitative nor categorical variable.

Question 22

A portion selected to represent the whole is called a

A) survey.
B) population.
C) census.
D) sample.

Question 23

In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20% are Business majors.Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of

A) a sample.
B) a population.
C) statistical inference.
D) descriptive statistics.

Question 24

The collection of all elements of interest in a study is

A) the population.
B) the sample.
C) a survey.
D) a census.

Question 25

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are _____ studies.

A) experimental
B) random variable
C) inferential
D) observational

Question 26

In a sample of 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors.The 30% is an example of

A) a sample.
B) a population.
C) statistical inference.
D) descriptive statistics.

Question 27

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as _____ statistics.

A) inferential
B) descriptive
C) observational
D) experimental

Question 28

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is a freshman, 2 indicates a sophomore, 3 indicates a junior, and 4 indicates that the student is a senior.In this case, data are

A) categorical.
B) quantitative.
C) either categorical or quantitative.
D) neither categorical nor quantitative.

Question 29

Cost of a theater ticket is an example of

A) categorical data.
B) either categorical or quantitative data.
C) nominal data.
D) quantitative data.

Question 30

Categorical data

A) indicate either how much or how many.
B) cannot be numeric
C) are labels used to identify attributes of elements.
D) must be nonnumeric.

Question 31

Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

A) only with categorical data.
B) only with quantitative data.
C) either with quantitative or categorical data.
D) with neither quantitative or categorical data.

Question 32

Five hundred residents of a city with a population of 240,495 are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election.The five hundred residents in this study is an example of a(n)

A) census.
B) sample.
C) observation.
D) population.

Question 33

Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are _____ studies.

A) experimental
B) random variable
C) inferential
D) observational

Question 34

A student's dormitory room number is an example of

A) a quantitative variable.
B) either a quantitative or a categorical variable.
C) an exchange variable.
D) a categorical variable.

Question 35

Statistical inference

A) refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics of the population.
B) is the same as descriptive statistics.
C) is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken from the sample.
D) is the same as a census.

Question 36

Categorical data

A) must be numeric.
B) must be nonnumeric.
C) cannot be numeric.
D) may be either numeric or nonnumeric.

Question 37

Data collected over several time periods are _____ data.

A) time series
B) time controlled
C) cross-sectional
D) periodic

Question 38

Data collected at the same, or approximately the same point in time are _____ data.

A) time series
B) approximate time series
C) cross-sectional
D) approximate

Question 39

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

A) categorical data.
B) quantitative data.
C) both categorical and quantitative data.
D) large data sets.

Question 40

The number of observations will always be the same as the

A) number of variables.
B) number of elements.
C) population size.
D) sample size.

Question 41

The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries.The graphical summary of salaries is an example of _____ statistics.

A) inferential
B) descriptive
C) experimental
D) observational

Question 42

The Department of Transportation of a city has calculated that on the average there are 17 accidents per day.The average number of accidents is an example of

A) descriptive statistics.
B) statistical inference.
C) a sample.
D) a population.

Question 43

The numbers on football jerseys are an example of _____ data.

A) categorical
B) either categorical or quantitative
C) neither categorical or quantitative
D) quantitative

Question 44

In observational studies, the variable of interest

A) is not controlled.
B) is controlled.
C) must be numerical.
D) cannot be numerical.

Question 45

In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 4,500.These numbers represent

A) categorical data.
B) quantitative data.
C) either categorical or quantitative data.
D) since the numbers are sequential, the data is quantitative.

Question 46

Since a sample is a subset of the population, the sample mean _____ the mean of the population.

A) is always smaller than
B) is always larger than
C) must be equal to
D) varies around

Question 47

Which of the following variables use the ratio scale of measurement?

A) Driver's license number
B) Temperature
C) Gender
D) Weight

Question 48

How many scales of measurement exist?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 49

The scale of measurement used for variable data that is simply a label for the purpose of identifying the attribute of an element is the _____ scale.

A) ratio
B) nominal
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 50

The process of analyzing sample data in order to draw conclusions about the characteristics of a population is called

A) descriptive statistics.
B) statistical inference.
C) data analysis.
D) data summarization.

Question 51

Which of the following is a scale of measurement?

A) Ratio
B) Proportion
C) Sample
D) Inferential

Question 52

The average age in a sample of 190 students at City College is 22.As a result of this sample, it can be concluded that the average age of all the students at City College

A) must be more than 22, since the population is always larger than the sample.
B) must be less than 22, since the sample is only a part of the population.
C) could not be 22.
D) is around 22.

Question 53

An interviewer has made an error in recording the data.This type of error is known as a(n) _____ error.

A) experimental
B) data acquisition
C) non-experimental
D) conglomerate

Question 54

A statistics professor asked students in a class their ages.Based on this information, the professor states that the average age of all the students in the university is 24 years.This is an example of

A) an observational study.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) an experiment.
D) statistical inference.

Question 55

Which scale of measurement can be either numeric or non-numeric?

A) Nominal
B) Ratio
C) Interval
D) Quantitative

Question 56

In a data set, the number of elements will always be the same as the number of

A) independent variables.
B) observations.
C) data points.
D) dependent variables.

Question 57

The height of a building, measured in feet, is an example of _____ data.

A) categorical
B) either categorical or quantitative
C) neither categorical or quantitative
D) quantitative

Question 58

In experimental studies, the variable of interest

A) is not controlled.
B) is controlled.
C) must be numerical.
D) cannot be numerical.

Question 59

Census refers to a(n)

A) experimental study to collect data on the entire population.
B) experimental study to collect data on a sample.
C) survey to collect data on a sample.
D) survey to collect data on the entire population.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a scale of measurement?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Observational

Question 61

Dr.Kurt Thearling, a leading practitioner in the field, defines data mining as "the _____ extraction of _____ information from databases."

A) thorough, insightful
B) timely, accurate
C) automated, predictive
D) intentional, useful

Question 62

Which of the following variables uses the interval scale of measurement?​

A) ​Standardized test score
B) ​Time duration
C) ​Student ID number
D) ​Vehicle miles-per-gallon

Question 63

The sample size

A) can be larger than the population size.
B) is always smaller than the population size.
C) can be larger or smaller than the population size.
D) is always equal to the size of the population.

Question 64

In a sample of 1,600 registered voters, 912 or 57% approve of the way the President is doing his job.A political pollster estimates: "Fifty-seven percent of all voters approve of the President." This statement is an example of

A) a sample.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) statistical inference.
D) a population.

Question 65

Which of the following scales of measurement are appropriate for quantitative data?

A) Interval and ordinal
B) Ratio and ordinal
C) Nominal and ordinal
D) Interval and ratio

Question 66

A survey to collect data on the entire population is a(n)

A) census.
B) sample.
C) population.
D) inference.

Question 67

Optimization models, which generate solutions that maximize or minimize some objective subject to a set of constraints, fall into the category of _____ analytics.

A) prescriptive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) diagnostic

Question 68

The largest experimental statistical study ever conducted is believed to be for​

A) ​Cholera.
B) ​Polio.
C) ​Diphtheria.
D) ​Malaria.

Question 69

The type of analytics whose models yield a best course of action to take is _____ analytics.

A) descriptive
B) prescriptive
C) predictive
D) inferential

Question 70

In a random sample of 200 items, 5 items were defective.An estimate of the percentage of defective items in the population is

A) 5%.
B) 2.5%.
C) 20%.
D) 10%.

Question 71

Data dash-board is an analytical technique that falls in the category of _____ analytics.

A) prescriptive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) diagnostic

Question 72

A population is

A) the same as a sample.
B) the selection of a random sample.
C) the collection of all items of interest in a study.
D) always the same size as the sample.

Question 73

In a sample of 1,600 registered voters, 912 or 57% approve of the way the President is doing his job.The 57% approval is an example of

A) a sample.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) statistical inference.
D) a population.

Question 74

On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450.The house numbers are examples of _____ data.

A) categorical
B) quantitative
C) both quantitative and categorical
D) neither quantitative nor categorical

Question 75

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

A) Your age when you began college
B) Your Social Security Number
C) Your statistics class start time
D) Your birth year

Question 76

The set of analytical techniques that yield a best course of action is _____ analytics.

A) prescriptive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) diagnostic

Question 77

Simulation, which is the use of probability and statistical computer models to better understand risk, falls under the category of _____ analytics.

A) prescriptive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) diagnostic

Question 78

Analytics is generally thought to comprise three broad categories of techniques that include all of the following except _____ analytics.

A) prescriptive
B) predictive
C) descriptive
D) diagnostic

Question 79

The major applications of data mining have been made by companies with a strong _______ focus.​

A) ​wholesale
B) ​manufacturing
C) consumer
D) ​research and development

Question 80

Which of the following is not an example of a firm that sells or leases business database services to clients?

A) ​Dun & Bradstreet
B) ​Bloomberg
C) ​Census Bureau
D) ​Dow Jones & Co.