Deck 7: Bioethical Issues

Question 1

Nonhuman and animal tissues used for transplant _____.

A) Are not compatible with human transplantation of any form
B) Have an effective long-term use, regardless of type
C) Provide additional time until a suitable allograft is available
D) Usually result in automatic rejection of transplanted tissue

Answer 1

Provide additional time until a suitable allograft is available

Question 2

The difference between a living will and a durable power of attorney for healthcare is that a _____.

A) Durable power of attorney designates specific treatments that should be held or withheld in the event a patient becomes incapacitated
B) Durable power of attorney and living will are both executed by the family after the patient becomes incapacitated, determining the surrogate decision maker
C) Living will designates treatment, while a durable power of attorney designates a surrogate decision maker
D) Living will is executed while the patient is competent and designates a person who makes decisions in the event he is incapacitated

Answer 2

Living will designates treatment, while a durable power of attorney designates a surrogate decision maker

Question 3

Barriers that exist to providing appropriate treatment to patients infected with HIV include all of the following with the exception of _____.

A) Confidentiality of the patient's HIV status
B) Inability to separate suffering from behaviors
C) Risk of contracting the disease from others
D) Universal precautions implemented in facilities

Answer 3

Universal precautions implemented in facilities

Question 4

Which organization is charged with coordinating the procurement and allocation of human organs and tissues from donors to recipients?

A) UHDDS
B) UNICEF
C) United Way
D) UNOS

Question 5

Roe vs. Wade decided that:

A) Abortion may only be performed when the patient was subject to rape or incest.
B) Miscarriages that result in abortion are not be permitted in the third trimester.
C) Restricting abortion impaired a woman's personal liberty and right to privacy.
D) The embryo is entitled to legal protection regardless of the mother's condition.

Question 6

The Human Genome Project's purpose is to:

A) Generate funding from private sources.
B) Map genes found in human DNA.
C) Reduce occurrence of genetic anomalies.
D) Track/identify people through DNA fingerprinting.

Question 7

With regards to minor consent _____.

A) All states require parental consent to dispense birth control
B) Consent for contraception does not include treatment for pregnancy or STDs
C) Minors are incapable of providing informed consent for treatment
D) Some states grant minors access to birth control without parental consent

Question 8

Allografts and homografts are transplants using _____ tissue.

A) Animal
B) Combined human/animal
C) Donor
D) The patient's own

Question 9

The study of ethical issues resulting from technologic and scientific advances is called _____.

A) Bioethics
B) Eugenics
C) Medical technology
D) The scientific method

Question 10

An advanced directive is best described as a document that _____.

A) Advises heirs as to a patient's desires regarding making endowments to hospitals
B) Describes treatment a patient wishes to have or not have in case of incapacitation
C) Orders the disbursement of an estate after death, similar to a power of attorney
D) Results in a requirement that the patient's last will and testament be probated

Question 11

Under GINA, it is permissible for the health information manager to _____.

A) Allow genetic information to be used as a qualification for medical insurance
B) Prohibit the release of genetic information to other health care providers
C) Refuse the release of genetic information for insurance or employment qualifications
D) Release genetic information as a part of an employment physical examination

Question 12

The effort to improve the human species through control of hereditary factors is called _____.

A) Eugenics
B) Euthanasia
C) Genetics
D) Surrogacy

Question 13

A child with a ruptured spleen from a bicycle accident is quickly deteriorating. His mother, a Jehovah's witness, refuses to allow a blood transfusion needed to save his life. What is the appropriate way to proceed?

A) Proceed without the mother's consent in the best interest of the child.
B) Refer to the hospital ethics committee.
C) Request the hospital administration obtain an emergency court injunction.
D) Honor the mother's wishes.

Question 14

Therapeutic abortion is defined as _____.

A) Accidental miscarriage any time during a pregnancy
B) Continuing a pregnancy until an abortion is safe to perform
C) Termination of a pregnancy prior to 20 weeks gestation
D) Voluntary termination of a pregnancy for medically necessary reasons

Question 15

Which is true of DNA mapping?

A) Cannot provide information to develop new treatments.
B) Definitely leads to practices incompatible with free will.
C) Is cost-prohibitive, regardless of methods used.
D) Will have an impact on disease prevention.

Question 16

Stem cells are special kinds of cells that are not committed to conducting a specific function; they have the capability to renew themselves and _____.

A) differentiate into specialized cells
B) are only harvested from embryos
C) replace tissues of similar types alone
D) dissolve other cells

Question 17

Family planning refers to _____.

A) Abortion
B) Artificial insemination
C) Contraception
D) Controlling family size

Question 18

GINA stands for:

A) Genetics in Native Americans
B) Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
C) Government in Nursing Association
D) Government Information Nondisclosure Agreement

Question 19

An ethical concern related to persons infected with HIV involves _____.

A) Best-interest standard
B) Double effect principle
C) Right to privacy
D) Veracity

Question 20

The question of whether to withdraw life support may become more complex when dealing with _____.

A) Anyone who has a living will
B) Guardians of children
C) Individuals with DNR orders
D) Patients who are incompetent

Question 21

The use of animal tissue for organ transplants is called a(n) _____.

A) Allograft
B) Autograft
C) Heterograft
D) Xylograft

Question 22

Euthanasia is the act or practice of causing death painlessly, with the aim to end suffering. Which act is associated with passive euthanasia?

A) DNR order
B) Initiating the dying process
C) Withdrawing treatment
D) Withholding treatment

Question 23

In vitro fertilization includes the fertilization of a human gametes outside the human body in a test tube or other artificial environment.

Question 24

A durable power of attorney for healthcare allows an incompetent individual to name someone else to exercise health related decisions on his behalf.

Question 25

The use of an organ or body part from another human (donor) is called an _____.

A) Allograft
B) Autograft
C) Heterograft
D) Xenograft

Question 26

Which patient right is associated with the issue of HIV/AIDS?

A) Confidentiality
B) Duty to treat
C) Genetic testing
D) Prenatal surgery

Question 27

Prenatal testing can cause _____.

A) Defective genes
B) Genetic abnormalities
C) Risk to the fetus
D) The control of hereditary factors

Question 28

Stem cell research is the careful, systematic study and investigation of a special kind of cell not committed to conduct a specific function that has the capability to renew itself and differentiate into specialized cells.

Question 29

The Human Genome Project _____.

A) Addresses the concern over confidentiality of genetic information
B) Genetically alters organisms to treat or prevent disease and conditions
C) Maps the genes in human DNA, which consists of 46 human chromosomes
D) Notifies employers of the genetic predisposition of a potential employee

Question 30

Prenatal surgery refers to surgery conducted upon the fetus after birth.

Question 31

Describe the difference between passive and active euthanasia.

Question 32

The use of the patient's own body part for tissue transplant is called _____.

A) Allograft
B) Autograft
C) Heterograft
D) Xenograft

Question 33

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy before the viability of the fetus.

Question 34

In 2008, the U.S. Congress passed _____ legislation that protects the confidentiality of genetic information.

A) ARRA
B) EMTALA
C) GINA
D) PSDA

Question 35

Describe the difference between living will and durable power of attorney.

Question 36

Two forms of eugenics include breeding and _____.

A) Genetic testing
B) Prenatal testing
C) Prenatal surgery
D) Sterilization

Question 37

Which controversy is associated with the use of stem cells?

A) Embryonic harvesting
B) Euthanasia
C) Genetic engineering
D) Mutation into specialized cells

Question 38

Ethical questions involved in or occurring during the period closely surrounding birth are known as _____ ethics.

A) Eugenics
B) Genetics
C) Prenatal
D) Perinatal

Question 39

Sterilization is actions taken to make an individual incapable of reproducing.

Question 40

An elderly woman designated a durable power of attorney while still competent. She is now in a coma and on a ventilator following surgery. The designee feels she is suffering and wishes to withdraw life support. Other family members disagree and wish to have life support continued. The other family members also indicate that the designee is beneficiary to half of the patient's estate and is having financial problems. What action should be taken?

A) Follow the instructions of the designee because the durable power of attorney for healthcare is a legal document.
B) Instruct the family members that they have to sort it out themselves because the hospital cannot be involved in any action.
C) Permit all parties involved to request that the attending physician order a consultation with a medical specialist.
D) Seek consultation with the local district attorney regarding this conflict of interest so as to resolve it appropriately.