Deck 23: Plants

Question 1

The evolution of __________ was crucial in the evolution of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments.

A)roots
B)leaves
C)stems
D)stomata
E)all of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

It took just __________ year(s) to deforest an area the size of Delaware in Maine.

A)1
B)4
C)10
D)15
E)20

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true concerning plants?

A)There are at least 295,000 kinds of existing plants.
B)Plants affect the composition of the atmosphere.
C)Flowering plants are the dominant group in most regions.
D)The colonization of the land by plants made it possible for animals to live and evolve on land.
E)Plants resupply atmospheric oxygen by splitting CO₂ during photosynthesis.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Even after the angiosperms became the dominant plants on Earth, the conifers retained a competitive edge

A)at high elevations in the far north.
B)in temperate northeastern coastal regions.
C)in mid-continent plains.
D)in southern woodlands.
E)in northwestern scrub forests.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of sporophytes?

A)They are haploid plants.
B)They produce gametes.
C)They are the result of sexual reproduction.
D)They are a minor stage in the life cycle of all plants.
E)All of these are true.

Question 6

The cuticle of a plant is primarily for

A)retention of water.
B)conduction of water.
C)absorption of carbon dioxide.
D)protection from strong sunlight.
E)mechanical support.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of gametophytes?

A)They are haploid plants.
B)They produce gametes.
C)They are the result of sexual reproduction.
D)They are a stage in the life cycle of plants.
E)Their gametes are either male or female.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of phloem?

A)conducts water up the plant
B)conducts mineral ions up the plant
C)connects with roots
D)connects with leaves
E)transports plant-manufactured organic products

Question 9

Prior to 500 million years ago, organisms were unable to venture onto land because

A)the earth's crust was too hot.
B)the land was too dry.
C)there was not enough oxygen in the atmosphere for respiration.
D)the land was not shielded from the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
E)there was no organic matter on land for food.

Question 10

In the above figure, which of the following would have a diploid number of chromosomes?

A)zygote
B)multicelled sporophyte
C)spores
D)multicelled gametophytes
E)both a and b

Question 11

In the above figure, which of the following would have a haploid number of chromosomes?

A)zygote
B)multicelled sporophyte
C)spores
D)multicelled gametophytes
E)both c and d

Question 12

A significant event influencing the rapid evolution of plants on land after their initial appearance was the

A)increase of atmospheric oxygen.
B)reduction of ultraviolet radiation penetration through the atmosphere.
C)stabilization of global climates.
D)increase in soil nutrients.
E)merging of land masses.

Question 13

California retains only about __________ percent of its original coastal redwoods.

A)1
B)4
C)10
D)15
E)20

Question 14

Which is the correct sequence in the evolution of plants?

A)algae >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms>>> bryophytes >>> ferns
B)ferns >>> algae >>> bryophytes >>> gymnosperms>>> angiosperms
C)algae >>> bryophytes >>> ferns >>> gymnosperms>>> angiosperms
D)ferns >>> gymnosperms>>> algae >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms
E)algae >>> bryophytes >>> ferns >>> angiosperms >>> gymnosperms

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true concerning Pangaea?

A)It formed during the Permian.
B)Gymnosperms flourished on Pangaea
C)It caused climates to become warmer and wetter.
D)It began to break apart during the Jurassic.
E)Plant diversity expanded on its isolated fragments during and after the Jurassic.

Question 16

Plants became erect, taller, and branched as a result of their ability to produce

A)cutin.
B)lignin.
C)cellulose.
D)complex carbohydrates.
E)suberin.

Question 17

Flowering plants emerged

A)during the Devonian.
B)between early and late Carboniferous.
C)during the latter part of the Permian.
D)at the beginning of the Triassic.
E)during the late Jurassic or early Cretaceous.

Question 18

Most of California's coastal redwoods have been lost to

A)fires.
B)fungal diseases.
C)logging.
D)hurricanes.
E)decrease in soil fertility.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of xylem?

A)conducts water up the plant
B)conducts mineral ions up the plant
C)connects with roots
D)connects with leaves
E)transports plant-manufactured organic products

Question 20

Which of the following is (are) specialization(s) that evolved in land plants that was (were) unnecessary in their aquatic ancestors?

A)xylem
B)phloem
C)stomata
D)roots
E)all of these

Question 21

Which of the following are NOT seed-bearing plants?

A)cycads
B)ferns
C)ginkgos
D)angiosperms
E)conifers

Question 22

Questions refer to the figure above.

Sperm swim from __________ to __________ for fertilization.

A)B; A
B)D; C
C)D; E
D)C; D
E)E; C

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning fertilization in ferns is true?

A)It occurs outside the egg-producing structure.
B)It requires water.
C)The fertilization product is haploid.
D)A spore is the product of fertilization.
E)None of these are true.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT associated in some way with peat bogs?

A)Sphagnum
B)fuel source
C)rapid decomposition
D)acid environment
E)well-preserved human bodies

Question 25

Which of the following will eventually produce a mature male gametophyte?

A)megaspore
B)microsporangium
C)microspore
D)microgamete
E)megagametophyte

Question 26

Which statement about bryophytes is NOT true?

A)The sporophyte is haploid.
B)The sporangium produces spores.
C)The sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte.
D)Meiosis precedes spore formation.
E)Bryophytes require water for sexual reproduction.

Question 27

In horsetails, lycophytes, and whisk ferns,

A)spores give rise to gametophytes.
B)the main plant body is a gametophyte.
C)the sporophyte bears sperm- and egg-producing organs.
D)the gametophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle.
E)all of these are true.

Question 28

The male gametophyte becomes

A)ovules.
B)seeds.
C)pollen grains.
D)cones.
E)sperm cells.

Question 29

Pioneers of the American West used the plant called horsetails

A)as pot scrubbers.
B)as sandpaper.
C)for decoration.
D)for kindling.
E)for food.

Question 30

Coal is

A)a nonrenewable resource
B)a fossil fuel
C)rich in stored carbon energy
D)organic remains of ancient seedless plants
E)all of the above are true

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributed to the production of coal from the remains of Carboniferous vegetation?

A)heat
B)pressure
C)drying
D)decomposition
E)compaction

Question 32

Questions refer to the figure above.

The zygote will develop

A)within E.
B)within D.
C)within C.
D)within B.
E)externally.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The gametophytes of the ferns are free-living.
B)The ferns are the largest and most diverse group of seedless, vascular plants.
C)All the ferns and related primitive vascular plants have haploid sporophytes.
D)Most ferns are tropical.
E)Many of the ferns and their relatives have underground stems called rhizomes.

Question 34

The "leaves" of ferns are known as

A)rhizomes.
B)rhizoids.
C)fronds.
D)sori.
E)none of these.

Question 35

A sorus is

A)a fern spore.
B)the fern gametophyte.
C)an egg-producing structure.
D)where the sperm are produced.
E)a collection of sporangia.

Question 36

The Age of Dinosaurs can also be called the Age of

A)Cycads.
B)Ginkgos.
C)Ferns.
D)Conifers.
E)the Seed.

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning production of bryophyte reproductive cells is true?

A)Spores and gametes are produced by meiosis.
B)Spores and gametes are produced by mitosis.
C)Spores are produced by meiosis, whereas gametes are produced by mitosis.
D)Spores are produced by mitosis, whereas gametes are produced by meiosis.
E)Spores and gametes are both used for sexual reproduction.

Question 38

Strobili are

A)gametangia.
B)cone-shaped spore sacs.
C)homospores.
D)underground stems.
E)horizontal stems.

Question 39

Questions refer to the figure above.

The entire structure indicated by "C" is a __________ gametophyte.

A)moss
B)liverwort
C)hornwort
D)fern
E)gymnosperm

Question 40

During the Carboniferous Period, the competitive edge was held by plants

A)with well-developed gametophytes.
B)with cuticles.
C)with lignin-reinforced tissues.
D)with underground stems.
E)that produced seeds.

Question 41

In pine trees, the male gametophyte is

A)a megaspore.
B)the embryonic pine seed.
C)a pollen tube.
D)a pollen grain.
E)a microspore.

Question 42

A pine tree is

A)an angiosperm.
B)a haploid plant body.
C)a sporophyte.
D)the dependent stage in the conifer life cycle.
E)all of these.

Question 43

Angiosperms are more advanced than gymnosperms because gymnosperms lack which structure found in angiosperms?

A)independent sporophyte
B)pollen grains
C)flowers
D)spores
E)seeds

Question 44

A pine seed consists of

A)the embryo.
B)a female gametophyte.
C)a seed coat.
D)nutritive tissue.
E)all of these.

Question 45

Angiosperms

A)are the most successful of all plants.
B)are the most diverse of all plants.
C)are represented by a few heterotrophic plants.
D)co-evolved with animal pollinators.
E)are all of these.

Question 46

Questions refer to the figure of the life cycle of a pine above.

Meiosis that produces microspores is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 47

Megaspores are produced

A)within ovules.
B)within seeds.
C)by pollen grains.
D)by the gametophyte.
E)by the union of egg and sperm cells.

Question 48

The group of plants that has the most species is the

A)mosses.
B)ferns.
C)gymnosperms.
D)eudicots.
E)monocots.

Question 49

The first group with flowers are the

A)algae.
B)fern allies.
C)ferns.
D)angiosperms.
E)gymnosperms.

Question 50

Questions refer to the figure of the life cycle of a pine above.

The megaspores are indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 51

The seed develops from the

A)gametophyte.
B)ovary.
C)ovule.
D)pollen grain.
E)zygote.

Question 52

Dependence on animal vectors for fertilization and dispersal is characteristic of many species of

A)ferns.
B)angiosperms.
C)mosses.
D)conifers.
E)cycads.

Question 53

The rapid expansion of angiosperms late in the Mesozoic era appears to be related to their coevolution with

A)dinosaurs.
B)gymnosperms.
C)insects.
D)mammals.
E)birds.

Question 54

All EXCEPT which of the following are monocots?

A)orchids
B)wheat
C)maple
D)grass
E)palms

Question 55

It now appears that the monocots branched off from the

A)ginkgos.
B)cycads.
C)eudicots.
D)conifers.
E)gnetophytes.

Question 56

Questions refer to the figure of the life cycle of a pine above.

Fertilization is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 57

Questions refer to the figure of the life cycle of a pine above.

The male gametophyte is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 58

In conifers, the time between pollination and fertilization is

A)just a few hours.
B)about a day.
C)about a month.
D)about six months.
E)a year or more.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about pinecones is true?

A)Cones are exclusively female structures.
B)Cones are the result of pollination.
C)One type of cone produces microspores.
D)Pollen grains are retained within male cones.
E)Microspores develop into female gametophytes within the ovule.

Question 60

What occurs within the female cone of a pine tree?

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)development
D)fertilization
E)all of these

Question 61

Double fertilization produces a triploid tissue from the union of

A)one sperm nucleus and one female nucleus.
B)two sperm nuclei and one female nucleus.
C)one sperm nucleus and two female nuclei.
D)two sperm nuclei and two female nuclei.
E)one sperm nucleus and three female nuclei.

Question 62

The meiosis that produces the microspores is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 63

The embryo is within the structure indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 64

The life cycle of flowering plants includes

A)formation of pollen.
B)formation of eggs.
C)fertilization.
D)formation of seeds.
E)all of these.

Question 65

The pollen grain is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 66

The triploid tissue that results from double fertilization becomes the

A)endosperm.
B)zygote.
C)new sporophyte.
D)gametophyte.
E)seed coat.

Question 67

Alejandro Bonifacio is interested in studying which of the following as a nutritious alternative to many grain crops?

A)rice
B)wheat
C)spinach
D)quinoa
E)all of these