Question 1

Calcium channel blockers have which of the following effects?&#10;A) Depressed cardiac contractility&#10;B) Depressed cardiac conduction&#10;C) Reduced vascular tone&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers have multiple effects, including depressed cardiac contractility, depressed cardiac conduction, and reduced vascular tone. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all of these effects.

Question 2

Which of the following antihypertensive agents may be considered during pregnancy?&#10;A) &#946;-blockers&#10;B) Calcium channel blockers&#10;C) ACE inhibitors&#10;D) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Accepted Answer

&#946;-blockers

Question 3

Which one of the following antihypertensive drug groups is thought to reduce sympathetic drive in the myocardium and mediate the release of renin?&#10;A) &#946;-blockers&#10;B) Calcium channel antagonists&#10;C) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists&#10;D) Thiazides

Accepted Answer

β-blockers are known to reduce sympathetic drive in the myocardium, which leads to a decrease in heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output. This also leads to a decrease in renin release from the kidneys, which is mediated by sympathetic drive. Therefore, β-blockers are a good choice for reducing both cardiac output and renin release in patients with hypertension.

Question 4

A hormone that affects blood pressure by facilitating an increased excretion of sodium and water is:&#10;A) aldosterone.&#10;B) ADH (vasopressin).&#10;C) ANF.&#10;D) oestrogen.

Accepted Answer

ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) is a hormone secreted by the heart's atria that regulates fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. It promotes the excretion of sodium and water, which in turn reduces blood volume and pressure.

Question 5

If a second dose of diuretic is required,this is usually administered:&#10;A) mid-morning.&#10;B) midday or early afternoon.&#10;C) early evening.&#10;D) at bedtime.

Accepted Answer

Midday or early afternoon is the best choice for administering a second dose of diuretic. This allows for optimal diuresis during the day and minimizes the risk of disrupting sleep patterns at night.

Question 6

Which of the following chemical mediators can alter blood pressure via vasodilation?&#10;A) Nitric oxide&#10;B) Endothelin-1&#10;C) ANF&#10;D) Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator and can lower blood pressure by relaxing smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels, allowing them to expand and increase blood flow.

Question 7

Which of the following medications used for hypertensive emergencies dilates both arteries and veins?&#10;A)Hydralazine&#10;B)Minoxidil&#10;C)Sodium nitroprusside&#10;D)Diazoxide

Accepted Answer

Sodium nitroprusside dilates both arteries and veins, making it a suitable medication for hypertensive emergencies where both need to be dilated. Hydralazine and diazoxide mainly dilate arteries, while minoxidil predominantly dilates veins.

Question 8

Which one of the following chemical mediators can alter blood pressure via vasoconstriction?&#10;A) Prostacyclin&#10;B) Endothelin-1&#10;C) Nitric oxide&#10;D) Prostaglandin E?

Accepted Answer

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that can alter blood pressure. Prostacyclin and nitric oxide are vasodilators, and Prostaglandin E₂ is not a known chemical mediator.

Question 9

Which of the following are categories of hypertension?&#10;A) Primary&#10;B) Secondary&#10;C) Malignant&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Primary hypertension refers to high blood pressure without any underlying medical condition causing it. Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition such as kidney disease or hormonal disorder. Malignant hypertension is a severe form of hypertension that can cause damage to organs such as the heart, kidneys, and brain. Therefore, all three categories are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in a client with constipation?&#10;A) Calcium channel blockers&#10;B) Centrally-acting agents&#10;C) Angiotensin II antagonists&#10;D) ACE inhibitors

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers, especially non-dihydropyridines like verapamil, can cause constipation as a side effect, making them less suitable for patients who already suffer from constipation.

Question 11

Describe the method of action of ACE inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the method of action of ACE...

Question 12

There are several factors that determine the best approach for treating hypertension.Which of the following is least likely to be a factor in patient compliance?&#10;A)Cost of medication&#10;B)Patient gender&#10;C)Adverse effects&#10;D)Complicated medical history

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are several factors that determine the...

Question 13

Which of the antihypertensive groups is least likely to be used as first-line treatment for hypertension?&#10;A)&#946;-blockers&#10;B)ACE inhibitors&#10;C)Calcium channel blockers&#10;D)Centrally acting medicines

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the antihypertensive groups is least...

Question 14

?-blockers should not be used in clients with the following conditions EXCEPT:&#10;A) complicated hypertension.&#10;B) cardiac tamponade.&#10;C) second-degree heart block.&#10;D) sick sinus syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ?-blockers should not be used in clients...

Question 15

Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided when a person has a pre-existing respiratory condition such as asthma?&#10;A) Diuretics&#10;B) Calcium channel antagonists&#10;C) ACE inhibitors&#10;D) &#946;-blockers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided...

Question 16

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in a person with depression?&#10;A) Calcium channel blockers&#10;B) Centrally acting agents&#10;C) Angiotensin II antagonists&#10;D) ACE inhibitors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following antihypertensive agents should...

Deck 45: Antihypertensive Agents