Question 1

What is the indication for clomiphene?&#10;A) Contraception&#10;B) Ovulatory failure&#10;C) Treatment of ovarian cancers&#10;D) Treatment of growth disorders

Accepted Answer

Clomiphene is indicated for the treatment of ovulatory failure in women who desire pregnancy. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that stimulates ovulation. It is not indicated for contraception, treatment of ovarian cancers, or growth disorders.

Question 2

Somatropin is administered by daily subcutaneous injections to stimulate skeletal and cellular growth.What is a major reason why some individuals fail to respond to treatment?&#10;A) The development of somatropin antibodies by the individual taking the somatropin&#10;B) Use of somatropin extracted from the pituitary glands of human cadavers&#10;C) Lack of rotation of injection sites&#10;D) Use of different brands during a treatment regimen

Accepted Answer

The development of somatropin antibodies by the individual taking the somatropin is a major reason why some individuals fail to respond to treatment. When the immune system recognizes somatropin as a foreign object, it produces antibodies to destroy it, rendering the treatment ineffective.

Question 3

Which of the following pituitary hormones is a trophic hormone?&#10;A) Prolactin&#10;B) Oxytocin&#10;C) Luteinising hormone&#10;D) Growth hormone

Accepted Answer

A trophic hormone is one that stimulates the growth and function of another endocrine gland, leading to the secretion of its own hormone. Both luteinizing hormone and growth hormone are trophic hormones that stimulate the gonads and liver respectively, leading to the secretion of sex hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1. Prolactin, on the other hand, stimulates milk production in the mammary glands, while oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk letdown during lactation.

Question 4

A serious adverse effect associated with drugs that act like or stimulate release of endogenous gonadotrophin is:&#10;A) low levels of oestrogens in the blood.&#10;B) ovarian cysts that may rupture.&#10;C) colon cancer.&#10;D) gonadal atrophy.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that act like or stimulate release of endogenous gonadotrophin can lead to the growth of ovarian cysts, which may increase the risk of ovarian torsion or rupture. Other adverse effects may include hot flashes, breast tenderness, and vaginal dryness. Low levels of oestrogens in the blood or gonadal atrophy may be adverse effects of drugs that suppress gonadotrophin release. Colon cancer is not directly associated with drugs that stimulate gonadotrophin release.

Question 5

Which group of drugs that act on the pituitary are given to prevent premature ovulation associated with assisted reproduction?&#10;A) Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists&#10;B) Partial oestrogen agonists&#10;C) Dopamine agonists&#10;D) Gonadotrophins

Accepted Answer

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists are given to prevent premature ovulation associated with assisted reproduction. They act by blocking the production of luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation. This allows for better control of the timing of ovulation in assisted reproductive procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Partial oestrogen agonists are not typically used for this purpose, dopamine agonists are used to treat hyperprolactinemia, and gonadotrophins are used to stimulate ovulation.

Question 6

The use of hCG in prepubertal boys can cause:&#10;A) epilepsy.&#10;B) stunted long bone growth.&#10;C) fluid retention.&#10;D) asthma.

Accepted Answer

The use of hCG in prepubertal boys can cause stunted long bone growth. This is because hCG can prematurely accelerate the closure of growth plates in bones. The other options (epilepsy, fluid retention, asthma) are not associated with the use of hCG in prepubertal boys.

Question 7

Acromegaly is treated using:&#10;A) lanreotide.&#10;B) somatropin.&#10;C) lisuride.&#10;D) domperidone.

Accepted Answer

Lanreotide is a somatostatin analogue used to treat acromegaly by inhibiting growth hormone release. Somatropin is a growth hormone and would exacerbate acromegaly. Lisuride and domperidone are not used in the treatment of acromegaly.

Question 8

Which one of the following actions is not associated with high doses of vasopressin?&#10;A) It stimulates sodium excretion.&#10;B) It stimulates coagulation.&#10;C) It may lower blood pressure.&#10;D) It reduces blood loss associated with haemorrhage.

Accepted Answer

High doses of vasopressin actually reduce sodium excretion, so choice A is not associated with high doses of vasopressin. B, C, and D are all actions associated with high doses of vasopressin.

Question 9

Ergot alkaloids are used to treat prolactin hypersecretion.Their mechanism of action is to:&#10;A) activate dopamine receptors in the pituitary.&#10;B) inhibit prolactin-releasing hormone from the pituitary.&#10;C) increase the production of growth hormone, which is produced by the same cells in the pituitary gland.&#10;D) act on the nipples to desensitise them to stimulation.

Accepted Answer

Ergot alkaloids such as cabergoline and bromocriptine bind to dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland and stimulate them, resulting in a decrease in prolactin secretion. This is because dopamine normally inhibits prolactin secretion, and by activating the dopamine receptors, ergot alkaloids mimic the action of dopamine and lower prolactin levels.

Question 10

When administering somatropin produced from recombinant DNA technology in a young child,it is important to monitor:&#10;A) urinary levels of potassium and sodium.&#10;B) for limping.&#10;C) serum levels of potassium and sodium.&#10;D) for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Accepted Answer

Somatropin is a form of human growth hormone used to treat growth failure in children and adults. One of the side effects of somatropin is that it can lead to problems with the hip and other bones, including slipped capital femoral epiphysis, which can cause limping. Monitoring for limping is important to catch any potential bone problems early.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements about oxytocin is correct?&#10;A) There are no clinical uses for oxytocin.&#10;B) Oxytocin is believed to have strong serotonergic and ?-adrenergic activity.&#10;C) The anterior pituitary lobe secretes oxytocin.&#10;D) Oxytocin promotes breast milk let-down and facilitates placental delivery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following statements about...

Question 12

Which of the following drugs stimulates gonadotrophin release?&#10;A) The follitropins&#10;B) Goserelin&#10;C) Clomiphene&#10;D) Tetracosactrin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs stimulates gonadotrophin...

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding diabetes insipidus is true?&#10;A) It is affected by the posterior pituitary hormones.&#10;B) Urinary output is unusually scant.&#10;C) The specific gravity of the urine is 1.005-1.008.&#10;D) Serum calcium levels must be monitored.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding diabetes...

Question 14

Bromocriptine is no longer recommended for inhibition of postpartum lactation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bromocriptine is no longer recommended for inhibition...

Question 15

In cases of growth hormone hyposecretion,therapy involves the use of:&#10;A) a somatostatin analogue.&#10;B) tetracosactrin.&#10;C) somatropin.&#10;D) the ergot alkaloids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In cases of growth hormone hyposecretion,therapy involves...

Question 16

When using desmopressin for renal function testing,effectiveness of treatment is determined by:&#10;A) measuring blood levels of antidiuretic hormone.&#10;B) measuring blood levels of potassium.&#10;C) monitoring fluid balance.&#10;D) measuring urinary levels of sodium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When using desmopressin for renal function testing,effectiveness...

Deck 59: Medicines and the Pituitary Gland