Question 1

Which serious adverse effect is associated with long term use of nitrofurantoin?&#10;A) Iridescent yellow urine&#10;B) Drowsiness&#10;C) Paraethesia&#10;D) Gastrointestinal upset

Accepted Answer

Long term use of nitrofurantoin can cause peripheral neuropathy, which is characterized by tingling, numbness, and burning sensations in the extremities.

Question 2

Colistin is available for delivery by which routes of administration?&#10;A) Intramuscular&#10;B) Intravenous&#10;C) Inhalation&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Colistin can be delivered through all three routes of administration - intramuscular, intravenous, and inhalation. The choice of route depends on the individual patient's condition and the severity of the infection. Intravenous administration is the preferred route for severe infections, while inhalation may be appropriate for respiratory infections. Intramuscular administration may be used in some cases where other routes are not possible or feasible.

Question 3

Which one of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of treatment with penicillin?&#10;A) Photosensitivity&#10;B) Nausea or vomiting&#10;C) Oedema&#10;D) The appearance of a rash or urticaria

Accepted Answer

Photosensitivity is not a common adverse effect of penicillin. The other options listed (nausea or vomiting, oedema, and the appearance of a rash or urticaria) are more commonly associated with penicillin use.

Question 4

Cross-sensitivity can occur between penicillin and which other drugs?&#10;A) Cephalosporins&#10;B) Carbapenems&#10;C) &#946;-lactams&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Cross-sensitivity can occur between penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins and carbapenems, due to similarities in their chemical structures.

Question 5

An example of a broad-spectrum penicillin is:&#10;A) amoxycillin.&#10;B) clavulanic acid.&#10;C) flucloxacillin.&#10;D) procaine penicillin.

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin, effective against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, unlike the other options which have more specific uses or are not penicillins themselves (e.g., clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, not an antibiotic).

Question 6

How often should aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents be administered?&#10;A) Once daily&#10;B) Two times a day&#10;C) Three times a day&#10;D) Four times a day

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents are typically administered once daily due to their concentration-dependent killing and prolonged post-antibiotic effect. This dosing regimen has been shown to be as effective as, if not superior to, traditional multiple daily dosing regimens, while also reducing the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Question 7

What is the indication for rifaxim?&#10;A) Hepatic encephalopathy&#10;B) Viral encephalitis&#10;C) Hepatitis&#10;D) Hepatic insufficiency

Accepted Answer

Rifaxim is indicated for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, a neurological syndrome that occurs as a result of liver failure.

Question 8

When a person commences therapy with tetracycline,they should be advised to:&#10;A) cease therapy when they feel better.&#10;B) avoid ingestion just before bedtime.&#10;C) take it with meals.&#10;D) regard abdominal pain as a tolerable side effect and not to bother their health professional about it.

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline should be avoided just before bedtime to prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration, which can occur when the medication is taken in a recumbent position without adequate fluid.

Question 9

Which antibacterial agent can cause permanent tooth discoloration in children?&#10;A) Tetracycline&#10;B) Erythromycin&#10;C) Penicillin&#10;D) Cephalosporin

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline can deposit in developing teeth and can lead to permanent tooth discoloration, especially in children under the age of eight. Erythromycin, penicillin, and cephalosporin do not typically cause tooth discoloration.

Question 10

The main monobactam in use is:&#10;A) imipenem.&#10;B) aztreonam.&#10;C) ertapenem.&#10;D) doripenem.

Accepted Answer

The main monobactam in use is aztreonam. The other choices listed are carbapenem antibiotics, not monobactams.

Question 11

The aminoglycosides are particularly toxic to what areas? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Kidneys&#10;B) Liver&#10;C) Eighth cranial nerve&#10;D) Neuromuscular junction&#10;E) Temporal mandibular joint

Accepted Answer

The answer of The aminoglycosides are particularly toxic to what...

Question 12

What medication regimen is ineffective in treating microorganisms that are part of the ESCAAPPM group?&#10;A) A carbapenem agent&#10;B) A penicillin agent&#10;C) An aminoglycoside agent&#10;D) A fluoroquinolone agent

Accepted Answer

The answer of What medication regimen is ineffective in treating...

Question 13

Which drug group is considered a suitable alternative to penicillins when there is a known allergy?&#10;A) The macrolides&#10;B) The cephalosporins&#10;C) Gycopeptide antibacterials such as vancomycin&#10;D) The quinolones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug group is considered a suitable...

Question 14

What lab values should be monitored when daptomycin is prescribed?&#10;A) Potassium&#10;B) Creatinine kinase&#10;C) Phosphorous&#10;D) Glucose

Accepted Answer

The answer of What lab values should be monitored when...

Question 15

Quinolones are contraindicated in pregnant women and children for what reason?&#10;A) They are ototoxic at small doses&#10;B) They can permanently discolour teeth&#10;C) They can damage developing joints permanently&#10;D) They are only useful for Gram positive bacterium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Quinolones are contraindicated in pregnant women and...

Question 16

Administration of the antibacterial agent ________ may cause prolongation of the QT interval and development of serious ventricular dysrhythmias.&#10;A) erythromycin or clarithromycin&#10;B) benzylpenicillin or amoxycillin&#10;C) tetracycline or doxycycline&#10;D) gentamicin or tobramycin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Administration of the antibacterial agent ________ may...

Question 17

Which one of the following antibacterial drug groups acts by inhibiting microbial cell wall synthesis?&#10;A) Quinolones&#10;B) Macrolides&#10;C) Nitroimidazoles&#10;D) Glycopeptide antibacterials

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following antibacterial drug...

Deck 69: Antibacterial Agents