Deck 3: The Behavioral Model

Question 1

One common way to learn about another's covert behaviors is to

A)review behavioral records.
B)observe across multiple settings.
C)ask the person directly.
D)It is impossible to learn about covert behaviors.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

One probable reason for the widespread use of trait descriptions is that they

A)describe the person over time.
B)are the briefest alternative.
C)provide a lot of specific information.
D)paint a more favorable picture.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Covert behaviors are

A)not directly observed by others.
B)those occurring outside of therapy.
C)a common behavioral complaint.
D)not included in the behavioral model.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The question, "What specific things do you do that lead you to describe yourself as...-" suggests the

A)behavioral model's focus on behavioral causes.
B)language barrier between clients and therapists.
C)importance of maintaining antecedents.
D)need for introspective accounts of one's behavior.

Question 5

Antecedents and consequences designated maintaining differ from other antecedents and consequences in that they are

A)greater in number.
B)maintained by the behavior.
C)constant over time.
D)causal for the behavior.

Question 6

_____ descriptions generally are shorter than _____ descriptions.

A)Trait; behavioral
B)Behavioral; trait
C)Personality; trait
D)Covert; overt

Question 7

Concentrating is a(n)

A)overt behavior.
B)covert behavior.
C)pseudo behavior.
D)trait behavior.

Question 8

In the behavioral model, the term maintaining is synonymous with

A)causal.
B)fundamental.
C)singular.
D)potent.

Question 9

According to the behavioral model, behaviors are the direct result of

A)uninfluenced decisions.
B)present conditions.
C)genetic factors.
D)developmental experiences.

Question 10

The note which reminded Susan to take out the trash would be all of the following EXCEPT a(n)

A)prompt.
B)setting event.
C)maintaining antecedent.
D)antecedent.

Question 11

The specific antecedents and consequences that cause a person to perform a behavior are called its

A)setting events.
B)causal factors.
C)maintaining conditions.
D)stimulus controls.

Question 12

The essential difference between prompts and setting events concerns

A)breadth.
B)frequency
C)intensity.
D)efficacy.

Question 13

Behavioral descriptions work well in therapy because they

A)provide the specific details of a condition.
B)reduce variability between clients.
C)readily translate to diagnostic categories.
D)allow for rapid empirical testing.

Question 14

Although behavior therapists deal with behaviors rather than traits, they must be able to "translate" traits into behaviors because

A)clients often use trait descriptions.
B)traits are useful at the beginning of therapy.
C)traits can sometimes be more accurate.
D)behaviors are inferred from traits.

Question 15

One of the four modes of behavior treated in behavior therapy is

A)covert.
B)imaginal.
C)depressive.
D)physiological.

Question 16

Environmental conditions that elicit behaviors are called

A)originating conditions.
B)prompts.
C)setting events.
D)situational markers.

Question 17

Prerequisites are the more basic type of maintaining antecedents because they

A)are environmental forces.
B)make a behavior possible.
C)do not require communication.
D)originate within the person.

Question 18

Information about most covert behaviors must be assumed from

A)personality traits.
B)environmental conditions.
C)overt behaviors.
D)standard deviations.

Question 19

Traits are descriptions of what people

A)do.
B)believe.
C)are.
D)experience.

Question 20

According to the behavioral model, people are defined by what they

A)experience.
B)do.
C)learn.
D)perceive.

Question 21

The role of past events in causing present behavior is best demonstrated by

A)unconscious maintaining conditions.
B)multiple consequences maintaining a behavior.
C)maintaining antecedents changing over time.
D)antecedents becoming consequences.

Question 22

Therapists may occasionally inquire about the past origins of a behavior to

A)elucidate probable maintaining conditions.
B)challenge beliefs about the role of the past.
C)satisfy expectations and build rapport.
D)encourage the client to face buried causes.

Question 23

Reciprocal determinism serves to elucidate the

A)need for therapeutic intervention.
B)limitations of environmental causation.
C)existence of an unadulterated free will.
D)true complexity of the ABC model.

Question 24

The term probable maintaining conditions is necessary because

A)these are the ones involved in symptom substitution.
B)a client's introspection is rarely correct.
C)behavioral causes are fundamentally probabilistic.
D)these are the ones that are likely to be influencing the behavior.

Question 25

In contrast to antecedents, the effectiveness of a consequence necessarily depends upon

A)memory.
B)attention.
C)change agents.
D)the behavior.

Question 26

When loud music disrupts Michael's focus, he considers how to alter his environment.This is an example of _____ influencing _____.

A)overt behavior; environment
B)covert behavior; environment
C)overt behavior; covert behavior
D)environment; covert behavior

Question 27

_____ determine whether a behavior will occur in the first place.

A)Antecedents
B)Probability
C)Consequences
D)Expectations

Question 28

In the behavioral model, past events have _____ influence on present behaviors.

A)a direct
B)no
C)an indirect
D)a significant.

Question 29

The symptom substitution conflict highlights a disagreement between psychoanalytic and behavioral theories concerning the

A)concept of free will.
B)influence of the therapist.
C)reification of mental activity.
D)location of behavioral causes.

Question 30

Interestingly, maintaining consequences may affect behavior

A)before their temporal occurrence.
B)by establishing antecedents.
C)even when no antecedent is apparent.
D)negatively for some individuals.

Question 31

While in the Dean's office, Ari spoke quietly and sat in a dignified fashion.Ari then went to a soccer game where he jumped up and down and yelled encouragement to the players.This contrast in Ari's behaviors can best be explained by the concept of

A)multidimensionality.
B)past originating conditions.
C)reciprocal determinism.
D)situation specificity.

Question 32

Unlike behavioral descriptions, traits misleadingly suggest that

A)individuals are unique.
B)people are behaviors.
C)the past causes behavior.
D)behaviors are consistent.

Question 33

The behavioral model appreciates biological influences upon behavior but

A)shows the influence of the environment upon biology.
B)questions its practical importance to clientele.
C)highlights its minimal impact within human samples.
D)notes that biological descriptions are yet incomplete.

Question 34

_____ are directly changed in behavior therapy.

A)Behavioral symptoms
B)Maintaining conditions
C)Target behaviors
D)Unconscious conflicts