Deck 4: Chemical Bonding Understanding Climate Change

Question 1

Which statement below is FALSE?

A)Lattice energy reflects the amount of energy released when gas-phase ions combine to form a crystalline ionic lattice.
B)The energy of the ions in the solid ionic lattice is higher than that of the gas-phase ions.
C)Larger ions typically produce lattice energies that are smaller in magnitude.
D)As charge increases, the magnitude of the lattice energy increases.
E)The interaction of oppositely charged ions stabilizes the crystalline solid.

Answer 1

The energy of the ions in the solid ionic lattice is higher than that of the gas-phase ions.

Question 2

Coulomb's law states that the interaction energy between ions depends

A)only on the ionic charges.
B)only on the distance between the ions.
C)directly on both the ionic charges and the distance between the ions.
D)on the temperature.
E)directly on the ionic charges and inversely on the distance between the ions.

Answer 2

directly on the ionic charges and inversely on the distance between the ions.

Question 3

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of valence electrons by two atoms?

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)polar ionic
D)intramolecular
E)metallic

Answer 3

covalent

Question 4

A covalent bond results when

A)electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom.
B)atoms pool their electrons to form a "sea" of electrons.
C)atoms have outer electrons with the same principal quantum number.
D)electrons are shared between a pair of atoms.
E)an atom has eight valence electrons.

Question 5

Which statement below regarding bonding is FALSE?

A)A single type of atom cannot form more than one kind of chemical bond.
B)The energy of separated atoms usually decreases when stable chemical compounds form.
C)Most compounds are more stable than the free elements that make them up.
D)The strength of a bond depends on the identities of the atoms involved.
E)Some atoms form different numbers of chemical bonds exhibit more than one valency).

Question 6

Calculate the electrostatic potential energy in joules of the interaction of one magnesium ion 86 pm radius) and one bromide ion 182 pm radius) in magnesium bromide.

A)(5.1  1019 J)
B)(1.0  1018 J)
C)(1.3  1018 J)
D)(8.6  1019 J )
E)(1.7  1018 J)

Question 7

Which statement below regarding covalent bonds is FALSE?

A)Electrons in a single covalent bond are mutually attracted to two nuclei.
B)The average bond length is the distance between the nuclei when the energy is at a minimum.
C)The energy of the interaction between two neutral atoms continuously decreases as their separation decreases.
D)The covalently bonded atoms are at a lower energy than the separated atoms.
E)Electron-nucleus attractions must overcome electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus repulsions.

Question 8

Which statement below regarding ionic compounds is FALSE?

A)The net charge of an ionic compound is zero.
B)Oppositely charged ions collect together in part because isolated ions are not stable.
C)The energy associated with an ionic bond is a form of electrostatic potential energy.
D)Ions are held together by shared pairs of electrons.
E)Oppositely charged ions arrange themselves to minimize repulsions and maximize attractions.

Question 9

When an ionic compound melts, the structure of the crystal lattice breaks down, and the ions must be able to slip past each other.Using electrostatic potential energy as a guide, identify the compound with the highest melting point.

A)NaF
B)KF
C)RbCl
D)ScF₃
E)NaCl

Question 10

Calculate the electrostatic potential energy in kilojoules per mole of the ionic bond between an aluminum ion (67.5 pm radius) and a nitride ion (182 pm radius) in aluminum nitride.

A)-5020 kJ/mol
B)-3350 kJ/mol
C)-1670 kJ/mol
D)-558 kJ/mol
E)-1050 kJ/mol

Question 11

Bonding in metals is best described as

A)partial sharing of electrons between two atoms.
B)a network of covalent bonds.
C)a sea of pooled electrons.
D)highly directional and localized.
E)completely electrostatic.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding bond strength and length is true?

A)Energy is released when bonded atoms separate.
B)The length of a bond is the distance between two atoms when the potential energy of attraction between them is zero.
C)Bond strength increases as the distance between two atoms decreases.
D)When multiple pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, bond strength decreases due to electron repulsions.
E)The length of a bond is generally inversely proportional to its strength.

Question 13

When an ionic compound melts, the structure of the crystal lattice breaks down, and the ions must be able to slip past each other.Using electrostatic potential energy as a guide, which listing of ionic compounds is in order of increasing melting point?

A)AlF₃ $\lt$ MgF₂ $\lt$ NaF
B)MgF₂ $\lt$ NaF $\lt$ AlF₃
C)NaF $\lt$ MgF₂ $\lt$ AlF₃
D)AlF₃ $\lt$ NaF $\lt$ MgF₂
E)NaF $\lt$ AlF₃ $\lt$ MgF₂

Question 14

Which ionic compound below will have the largest most negative) lattice energy?

A)NaF
B)NaCl
C)NaBr
D)CsF
E)CsCl

Question 15

Which compound below would you expect to have the smallest least negative) lattice energy?

A)MgBr₂
B)CaBr₂
C)CaO
D)BaBr₂
E)BaO

Question 16

Which one of the ionic compounds below would you expect to have the largest most negative) lattice energy?

A)MgO
B)CaO
C)SrO
D)BaO
E)BeO

Question 17

Which statement below is FALSE?

A)Ionic bonds are typically formed when metal and nonmetal atoms interact.
B)The attraction between ions is primarily electrostatic.
C)Larger ions typically form stronger ionic bonds than smaller ions.
D)Ionic bond strength depends primarily on the radii and charges of the ions.
E)As ion charge increases, ionic bond strength increases.

Question 18

Which statement below requires the least energy to separate the ions?

A)CaF₂
B)KF
C)NaF
D)MgF₂
E)LiF

Question 19

Which ionic compound will require the greatest energy input to separate the ions?

A)MgI₂
B)MgF₂
C)MgCl₂
D)MgBr₂
E)NaCl

Question 20

Which compound below would you expect to have the smallest least negative) lattice energy?

A)MgCl₂
B)CaCl₂
C)AlCl₃
D)MgI₂
E)CaI₂

Question 21

Which compound below is ionic?

A)CF₄
B)SO₃
C)H₂S
D)BaCl₂
E)C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Question 22

What is the formula for tinIV) oxide?

A)SnO
B)SnO₂
C)Sn₂O
D)SnO₄
E)Sn₂O₂

Question 23

What is the formula for potassium oxide?

A)P₂O
B)KO
C)K₂O
D)PO₂
E)KO₂

Question 24

Which is the correct formula for hypochlorous acid?

A)HCl
B)HClO
C)HClO₂
D)HClO₃
E)HClO₄

Question 25

You create a new bismuth compound.Which statement below is probably true about your compound?

A)It is probably ionic, and bismuth probably has a +3 charge.
B)It is probably ionic, and bismuth probably has a -3 charge.
C)The potential energy between the atoms (or ions) will be positive because bismuth is so large.
D)It is probably covalent because bismuth is a column VA nonmetal.
E)It is probably covalent because bismuth is a column VA metalloid.

Question 26

What is the correct name for CrCl₃?

A)chromium(III) chloride
B)chromium trichloride
C)chromium(VI) trichloride
D)chromium(VI) chloride
E)chromium chloride

Question 27

Which is the correct formula for sodium chlorite?

A)NaCl
B)NaClO
C)NaClO₂
D)NaClO₃
E)NaClO₄

Question 28

You create a new and unique ionic compound composed of +4 cations and -1 anions.Which of the following statements about your compound is FALSE?

A)The cations and anions must arrange themselves to minimize repulsions between ions with like charges.
B)There must be four times as many anions as cations in the crystal lattice.
C)Each cation must touch four anions.
D)The cation is probably significantly smaller than the anion, and this has an impact on the crystal structure.
E)The electrostatic potential energy is probably quite large and negative.

Question 29

Metals are good conductors of electricity because

A)they are easily ionized.
B)their valence electrons are not localized.
C)they are easily reduced and oxidized.
D)they can be drawn into wires.
E)they are ductile.

Question 30

Which compound below is molecular covalent)?

A)CuS
B)K₂S
C)BaF₂
D)SF₄
E)AlCl₃

Question 31

ManganeseIV) oxide is a brown insoluble solid often found as a product of the reactions of potassium permanganate.What is the formula of manganeseIV) oxide?

A)Mn₄O
B)MnO₄
C)MnO₂
D)MnIV)O
E)Mn₂O₂

Question 32

Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid that is capable of dissolving gold.What are the formulas of these acids?

A)HClO, HNO₄
B)HClO₄, HNO₃
C)HCl, HNO₂
D)HCl, HNO₃
E)HCl, HNO

Question 33

When H₂S gas is dissolved in water, what is the name of the resulting binary acid?

A)hydrogen sulfuric acid
B)sulfuric acid
C)hydrosulfuric acid
D)bihydrosulfuric acid
E)hydrosulfic acid

Question 34

Which is the correct formula for bromous acid?

A)HBr
B)HBrO₄
C)HBrO₃
D)HBrO₂
E)HBrO

Question 35

Which is probably a good conductor of electricity?

A)S₈
B)CuNi
C)ScI₃
D)K₂O
E)XeF₄

Question 36

Identify the binary compound that has ionic bonding.

A)N₂O₄
B)NF₃
C)RbCl
D)CS₂
E)H₂S

Question 37

Which compound is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding?

A)Fe₂S₃
B)MgO
C)CsBr
D)Cl₂O
E)CuOH)₂

Question 38

The proper name for Cr₂S₃ is

A)chromium(III) sulfide.
B)chromium(II) trisulfide.
C)chromium sulfide.
D)dichromium trisulfide.
E)chromium(III) trisulfide.

Question 39

What is the correct name of H₂SO₃?

A)sulfuric acid
B)sulfurous acid
C)hydrosulfuric acid
D)dihydrogen sulfurtrioxide acid
E)hydrosulfurous acid

Question 40

Which ranks the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?

A)NaF $\lt$ MgF₂ $\lt$ CaF₂ $\lt$ KF
B)KF $\lt$ NaF $\lt$ CaF₂ $\lt$ MgF₂
C)MgF₂ $\lt$ CaF₂ $\lt$ NaF $\lt$ KF
D)CaF₂ $\lt$ KF $\lt$ NaF $\lt$ MgF₂
E)MgF₂ $\lt$ CaF₂ $\lt$ KF $\lt$ NaF

Question 41

Active metals often form a protective oxide surface film that prevents further reaction of the metal with oxygen in the air.Which metal oxide formula below is NOT correct?

A)Al₂O₃ is aluminum oxide.
B)Fe₂O₃ is ironIII) oxide.
C)Na₂O is sodium oxide.
D)MgO₂ is magnesium oxide.
E)FeO is ironII) oxide.

Question 42

Which statement below regarding Lewis dot symbols, Lewis structures, and the octet rule is FALSE?

A)The number of unpaired dots shows the typical bonding capacity of an atom.
B)Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to attain eight valence electrons.
C)There are some atoms that do not obey the octet rule.
D)A molecule cannot have an odd number of valence electrons.
E)Lewis dot structures can be written for atoms and for ions.

Question 43

Which element below has five valence electrons?

A)Si
B)Se
C)S
D)I
E)Sb

Question 44

How many valence electrons are in the Lewis structure of HNO₂ ?

A)11
B)12
C)16
D)17
E)18

Question 45

Buffer solutions that maintain certain levels of pH or acidity are widely used in biochemical experiments.One common buffer system uses sodium dihydrogenphosphate and sodium monohydrogenphosphate.What are the formulas of these two compounds?

A)NaHPO₄ and NaHPO₄)₂
B)NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄.
C)Na₂H₂PO₄ and NaHPO₄
D)NaPO₄ and NaHPO₄
E)Na₂H₂PO₄ and NaHPO₄.

Question 46

Zinc oxide is found in many ointments for the skin.What formula best describes this compound?

A)ZnO
B)Zn₂O
C)ZnO₂
D)Zn₂O₂
E)Zn₂O₃

Question 47

Which information below is NOT shown in Lewis structures of molecules?

A)how atoms are arranged in space
B)the number of bonding pairs of electrons between atoms
C)nonbonding electrons on atoms
D)the order in which atoms are linked
E)the number of valence electrons in the molecule

Question 48

Which Lewis symbol below is correct?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)None of these is correct.

Question 49

Name the following oxides of nitrogen in this sequence: NO, N₂O, NO₂, N₂O₄.

A)nitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen tetroxide
B)nitrox, dinitrox, nitridiox, dinitritriox
C)mononitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen monoxide, mononitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen tetraoxide
D)nitrogen oxide, nitrogen(II) oxide, nitrogen oxide(II), nitrogen(II) oxide(IV)
E)nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetraoxide

Question 50

Hydrogen can have at most electrons in its valence shell.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)4
E)8

Question 51

Which ion cannot be considered to have eight valence electrons?

A)Li⁺
B)Mg²⁺
C)N^3-
D)F^-
E)O^₂-

Question 52

How many valence electrons does arsenic have?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)15
E)33

Question 53

Sodium nitrite, which is used in meat processing, has been implicated as a possible health hazard because it can react with amines present in meat to form trace quantities of carcinogenic nitrosamines.What is the formula of sodium nitrite?

A)SNO
B)NaNO₂
C)NaNO₃
D)Na₂NO₄
E)Na₂NO₂

Question 54

What is the proper name for Co₂CO₃)₃?

A)cobalt tricarbonate
B)cobalt carbonate
C)cobalt oxycarbon
D)cobaltIII) carbonate
E)cobaltIII) carboxide

Question 55

How many valence electrons does S^2- have?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)14
E)16

Question 56

Which ion below does NOT have either an empty valence shell or a complete valence-shell octet?

A)Al3
B)I
C)Ca2
D)PB₂
E)Se2

Question 57

TiO₂ is a white oxide used in paints.What is the proper name for TiO₂?

A)titanium oxide
B)titaniumIV) oxide
C)titanic acid
D)titanium oxoate
E)titaniumIV) dioxide

Question 58

Radium is often found in uranium ores and can be separated from solutions by precipitation as radium sulfate.What is the formula for radium sulfate?

A)RnSO₄
B)RaSO₄
C)Rn₂SO₃
D)Ra₂SO₄
E)RaSO₄)₂

Question 59

On April 19, 1995, the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was destroyed-killing 168 people-by a simple but powerful bomb made from 4800 lb of ammonium nitrate.What is the formula for ammonium nitrate?

A)Am(NO₃)₂
B)Am(NO₃)
C)NH₄NO₃
D)NH₄(NO₃)₂
E)(NH₄)₂NO₃

Question 60

Which formula-name combinations below is NOT correct?

A)chlorine monoxide: ClO
B)chlorine dioxide: ClO₂
C)dichlorine trioxide: Cl₂O₃
D)dichlorine monoxide: Cl₂O
E)dichlorine heptoxide: Cl₂O₆

Question 61

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide, HCONH₂?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18
E)20

Question 62

How many covalent bonds are there in HS-?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)0
E)4

Question 63

Acetonitrile CH₃CN) is an important industrial chemical.Among other things, it is used to make plastic moldings, which have multiple uses, from car parts to Lego bricks.Which statement below about acetonitrile is FALSE?

A)Acetonitrile has 16 valence electrons in its Lewis structure.
B)Acetonitrile has one triple bond.
C)Acetonitrile has one pair of nonbonding electrons.
D)All atoms satisfy the octet rule in acetonitrile.
E)One carbon atom and the nitrogen atom have nonzero formal charges.

Question 64

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of SbF₃?

A)3
B)6
C)4
D)8
E)10

Question 65

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of CH₃SH?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)8

Question 66

Which molecule below contains the largest number of nonbonding electrons?

A)H₂
B)CO
C)N₂
D)NO
E)O₂

Question 67

How many nonbonding electrons are there in the Lewis structure of SCO?

A)0
B)4
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 68

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of C₂H₄Cl₂?

A)12
B)11
C)8
D)7
E)5

Question 69

How many nonbonding electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of CN-?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)6

Question 70

Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and water.Which Lewis structure below for acetic acid is correct?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)none of these

Question 71

Which molecule below has four shared electrons?

A)O₂
B)CO
C)HI
D)N₂
E)Cl₂

Question 72

How many covalent bonds are there in CN-?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 73

Which statement below regarding the Lewis structure of atoms and ions is FALSE?

A)Charges on ions must be explicitly shown.
B)A magnesium ion with a +2 charge has no electron dots shown.
C)A neutral oxygen atom has two pairs of electron dots and two unpaired dots shown.
D)The chloride ion with a -1 charge has eight valence electrons dots shown.
E)The sodium ion has eight valence electron dots shown.

Question 74

Which molecule below contains a triple bond?

A)CO₂
B)NCl₃
C)C₂H₄
D)S₂
E)N₂

Question 75

Which molecule below has only single bonds?

A)CO₂
B)CO
C)HCN
D)OF₂
E)SO₂

Question 76

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of H₂O₂?

A)3
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 77

Which molecule below contains a double bond?

A)N₂
B)CO
C)S₂
D)CCl₄
E)Cl₂

Question 78

Which is the correct Lewis symbol for the oxide anion O₂-)?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)None of these is correct.

Question 79

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of HCN?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 80

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of OF₂?

A)6
B)4
C)3
D)2
E)1