Deck 25: Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Question 1

The notochord

A) develops from the pharyngeal gill slits.
B) is for muscle attachment.
C) forms the nerve cord in an adult.
D) becomes the brain.
E) becomes the digestive system.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

have a dorsal nerve cord.

A) Starfishes
B) Bugs
C) Sharks
D) Earthworms
E) Leeches

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How does the nerve cord of chordates differ from the nerve cord of animals in other taxonomic groups?

A) It is surrounded by bone.
B) It does not develop until after the embryonic period.
C) It develops from the gill slits.
D) It runs along the dorsal side of the body.
E) It does not extend into the tail.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The earliest vertebrates lacked

A) a notochord.
B) brains.
C) jaws.
D) gills.
E) skeletons.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes which chordate characteristics lancelets retain as adults?

A) Dorsal nerve cord, jaws, limbs, and lobed fins
B) Post- anal tail, hair, jaws, and amniotic egg
C) Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, post- anal tail, and pharyngeal gill slits
D) Notochord, lobed fins, and jaws
E) Pharyngeal gill slits, limbs, and lobed fins

Question 6

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A) Provide weight in aquatic life- forms
B) Help increase the metabolic rate
C) Limit muscle attachments
D) Tear and crush food
E) Protect the nerve cord

Question 7

In vertebrates, the analogous structure to the notochord is

A) a nerve cord.
B) jaws.
C) fins.
D) a backbone.
E) a skull.

Question 8

The great size and mobility of the vertebrates are likely the result of

A) lungs used for respiration.
B) four- chambered hearts.
C) increased brain size and complexity.
D) uterine development of offspring.
E) lightweight endoskeletons.

Question 9

Lancelets live in

A) sulfur springs.
B) the sea.
C) fresh water.
D) treetops.
E) deserts.

Question 10

The discovery of a coelacanth in South Africa in 1938 was surprising to biologists because it

A) was a newly evolved species.
B) represents a transition between two major groups of fishes.
C) has not evolved for more than 80 million years.
D) is the first species to have made the transition to land.
E) was thought to be extinct.

Question 11

Which of the following is present in all chordates?

A) A notochord
B) An external skeleton
C) Chloroplasts
D) Four limbs
E) A vertebral column

Question 12

What characteristic of hagfishes differentiates them from lancelets and tunicates?

A) Bony jaws
B) Post- anal tail
C) Gills
D) Skull surrounding the brain
E) Dorsal nerve cord

Question 13

Larval sea squirts

A) display all four chordate characteristics.
B) live in fresh water.
C) lack a notochord.
D) are sessile.
E) have a brain encased in bone.

Question 14

Which of the following features is absent in lancelets?

A) Notochord
B) Nerve cord
C) Backbone
D) Tail
E) Gill slits

Question 15

Which of the following has a ventral nerve cord?

A) Earthworm
B) Coelacanth
C) Hummingbird
D) Shark
E) Frog

Question 16

In all chordates, the notochord

A) may or may not appear at all; it is not found in all chordates.
B) appears at least during early stages of development.
C) appears only in adults.
D) is found throughout the life cycle.
E) appears only during early stages of development.

Question 17

Which characteristic differentiates hagfishes from other craniates?

A) Bony jaws
B) Lobe- like fins
C) A lack of gills
D) Two- chambered hearts
E) Skeletal elements surrounding the nerve cord

Question 18

At some stage of the life cycle, all chordates have

A) a pre- anal tail.
B) pharyngeal gill slits.
C) a backbone.
D) an external skeleton.
E) a ventral nerve cord.

Question 19

A tunicate is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.
B) jawless fish.
C) cartilaginous fish.
D) amphibian.
E) bony fish.

Question 20

All chordates have

A) a ventral, hollow nerve cord.
B) gills.
C) a post- anal tail.
D) a bony endoskeleton.
E) a backbone.

Question 21

A(n) protects the internal organs of ray- finned fishes.

A) exoskeleton made of cartilage
B) internal cartilage skeleton
C) internal bony skeleton
D) exoskeleton made of chitin
E) notochord

Question 22

Lungfishes are classified as

A) jawless fishes.
B) lobe- finned fishes.
C) ray- finned fishes.
D) amphibians.
E) cartilaginous fishes.

Question 23

Cartilaginous fishes differ from lampreys because they

A) lack a skull.
B) are ectotherms.
C) lack a skeleton.
D) have a three- chambered heart.
E) have jaws.

Question 24

Which were the first tetrapods to move to land?

A) Reptiles
B) Ray- finned fishes
C) Hagfishes
D) Monotremes
E) Amphibians

Question 25

Lampreys have reduced the size of commercial fish populations in the Great Lakes because they

A) secrete toxins that injure or kill other fishes.
B) are parasites on those fish species.
C) share many of the same predators.
D) are predators to many of the same prey species.
E) compete for food with those fish species.

Question 26

Parasitic lampreys have

A) sucker- like mouths lined with teeth.
B) bony jaws.
C) radial proportions.
D) a three- chambered heart.
E) internal fertilization.

Question 27

A shark is a(n)

A) jawless fish.
B) invertebrate chordate.
C) bony fish.
D) amphibian.
E) cartilaginous fish.

Question 28

A lamprey is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) jawless fish.
C) bony fish.
D) invertebrate chordate.
E) cartilaginous fish.

Question 29

What is the advantage of paired appendages?

A) They improve mobility.
B) They improve the sensory ability.
C) They protect the nerve cord.
D) They increase the metabolic rate, making animals endothermic.
E) They provide internal support for the animal.

Question 30

The characteristic that separates cartilaginous fishes from lampreys is

A) four- chambered hearts.
B) sucker- like mouths lined with teeth.
C) lungs supplemented by air sacs.
D) jaws.
E) bony skeletons.

Question 31

The skeletons of rays and skates are made of

A) chitin.
B) bone.
C) protein slime.
D) cartilage.
E) muscle.

Question 32

Why are lampreys classified as vertebrates?

A) They lack jaws.
B) Their nerve cord is surrounded by cartilage.
C) They are ectothermic.
D) They lack gills.
E) They have an exoskeleton.

Question 33

Chondrichthyes includes

A) all fishes.
B) lampreys.
C) sharks.
D) frogs.
E) whales.

Question 34

Lampreys differ from other vertebrates because they lack

A) metabolism.
B) gills.
C) jaws.
D) hearts.
E) skulls.

Question 35

Lamprey populations introduced into the Great Lakes have grown dramatically. Why?

A) Fishers have intentionally introduced them with the hope of farming them for "eel skin."
B) Lamprey stocking programs have been highly effective.
C) A fish species that they naturally prey upon has recently been introduced into the Great Lakes.
D) Competitive species have driven them from the ocean.
E) They have no natural predators in these waters.

Question 36

Fins composed of a web of skin covering thin, bony spines are characteristic of

A) hagfishes.
B) lampreys.
C) cartilaginous fishes.
D) lobe- finned fishes.
E) ray- finned fishes.

Question 37

Which vertebrate group is the most diverse?

A) Mammalia
B) Actinistia
C) Actinopterygii
D) Reptilia
E) Chondrichthyes

Question 38

Why have populations of many ray- finned fish species decreased in recent years?

A) Overfishing by humans
B) Bacterial disease
C) Loss of their prey species
D) Parasitism by lampreys
E) Pollution of their environment

Question 39

Most have swim bladders.

A) jawless fishes
B) ray- finned fishes
C) cartilaginous fishes
D) lobe- finned fishes
E) marine mammals

Question 40

Fins composed of rod- shaped bones surrounded by thick layers of muscle are characteristic of

A) cartilaginous fishes.
B) lobe- finned fishes.
C) lampreys.
D) ray- finned fishes.
E) hagfishes.

Question 41

Amphibians are not especially successful land- dwellers because of their

A) reliance on moist skin for gas exchange.
B) two- chambered hearts.
C) production of a shelled amniotic egg.
D) choice of prey.
E) lungs that are supplemented by air sacs.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes the major problem(s) amphibians face?

A) Fungal infection, bacterial infection, and prion infection
B) Habitat destruction, global warming, and X- ray exposure
C) Developmental abnormalities from UV light exposure and ozone depletion
D) Exposure to environmental toxins, global warming, and ozone depletion
E) A major decrease in populations due to a variety of factors, including toxins, UV exposure, fungal infections, and habitat destruction

Question 43

A tadpole is a(n)

A) amphibian.
B) jawless fish.
C) invertebrate chordate.
D) cartilaginous fish.
E) bony fish.

Question 44

The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to

A) behaviors such as basking in the sun and seeking shade.
B) the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta.
C) the fur that insulates them.
D) the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glands.
E) their high metabolic rates.

Question 45

Which vertebrate group has a three- chambered heart?

A) Lobe- finned fishes
B) Mammals
C) Amphibians
D) Ray- finned fishes
E) Birds

Question 46

Why are reptiles better adapted to land dwelling than amphibians are?

A) Their two- chambered heart better mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
B) Their embryos develop in a uterus.
C) Their moist skin is used as a respiratory structure.
D) Their lungs have a smaller surface area for gas exchange.
E) Their scaly skin prevents water loss.

Question 47

Although they are mammals, monotremes lack

A) nipples.
B) ovaries in females.
C) hair.
D) mammary glands.
E) a four- chambered heart.

Question 48

Which of the following is TRUE of all reptiles?

A) They have four well- developed limbs.
B) They are predatory carnivores.
C) They have teeth.
D) They are exclusively terrestrial.
E) They have a heart with either three or four chambers.

Question 49

To prevent dehydration, reptiles have

A) scaly skin.
B) embryos that lack gills.
C) moist, slime- covered skin.
D) eggs that contain no water.
E) a four- chambered heart.

Question 50

An animal that has a four- chambered heart, is endothermic, and does not give birth to live offspring can be classified as a(n)

A) mollusk.
B) amphibian.
C) mammal.
D) reptile.
E) bird.

Question 51

Why have reptiles successfully adapted to land?

A) They nurse their young.
B) They produce eggs that resist dehydration.
C) They are endothermic.
D) They lack gills at any point during their development.
E) They have a two- chambered heart to maximize oxygen utilization.

Question 52

Birds belong to a related group of vertebrates that includes all of the

A) reptiles.
B) ray- finned fishes.
C) mammals.
D) amphibians.
E) lobe- finned fishes.

Question 53

Which of the following is essential for birds to maintain their high metabolic rate?

A) Skin that is used as a respiratory structure
B) Hollow bones, which decrease body mass
C) Embryonic development in a shelled amniotic egg
D) A four- chambered heart, which maximizes oxygen delivery
E) Extraordinary coordination by a well- developed nervous system

Question 54

Why can't amphibians be entirely terrestrial?

A) Their digestion is adapted for consuming aquatic prey.
B) Their limbs are not adapted to support their bodies on land.
C) They have a three- chambered heart that is not efficient enough for terrestrial life.
D) Their reproduction requires water to allow fertilization and keep eggs moist.
E) They do not have lungs but instead have gills that require water for gas exchange.

Question 55

A marsupial is a(n)

A) mollusk.
B) bird.
C) reptile.
D) amphibian.
E) mammal.

Question 56

Which characteristic do birds share with mammals?

A) A four- chambered heart
B) Hollow bones
C) Mammary glands
D) A single ovary in females
E) Sweat glands

Question 57

Why do amphibians need a moist environment?

A) Amphibians require a moist environment to support their body weight because their cartilaginous skeleton is weak.
B) Amphibians require a moist environment for their scales to develop.
C) Their eggs have only a jelly- like coating that needs to stay moist.
D) Amphibians eat only aquatic organisms.
E) The gills of the adult won't work if they dry out.

Question 58

A terrestrial vertebrate that has scales and a three- chambered heart is a(n)

A) lobe- finned fish.
B) mammal.
C) amphibian.
D) bird.
E) reptile.

Question 59

One adaptation that enables an animal to live successfully on dry land is

A) development in a shelled egg.
B) external fertilization.
C) moist skin used for gas exchange.
D) gills.
E) a two- chambered heart.

Question 60

Why don't reptilian embryos dry out in a desert habitat?

A) Reptiles produce shelled amniotic eggs.
B) Reptile eggs are protected by a jelly- like coating.
C) The placenta facilitates gas exchange between the mother and the embryo.
D) Reptiles are endothermic.
E) Reptiles produce lots of defensive slime.

Question 61

Craniates have skulls made of either bone or cartilage.

Question 62

are the mammals with the greatest number of species.

A) Rodents
B) Whales
C) Bats
D) Marsupials
E) Primates

Question 63

The shelled egg of reptiles prevents the egg from dehydrating.

Question 64

Skates and other cartilaginous fishes lack jaws.

Question 65

Lampreys are endothermic.

Question 66

How do monotremes differ from other mammals?

A) They have a four- chambered heart.
B) They have claws.
C) They have hair.
D) They lay eggs.
E) They do not produce milk.

Question 67

Hagfishes have three- chambered hearts, which improve gas exchange with the lungs.

Question 68

Cartilaginous fishes lack gills in their adult form.

Question 69

To limit water loss in dry environments, reptiles breathe through their skin.

Question 70

Hagfishes lack jaws.

Question 71

The skeletons of ray- finned fishes are made of cartilage.

Question 72

Salamanders are the only vertebrate capable of regenerating lost limbs.

Question 73

During embryonic development, the tail in mammals extends past the anus.

Question 74

The fins of the coelacanth have rod- shaped bones and thick muscles.

Question 75

The amnion creates an aquatic environment for developing embryos.

Question 76

An animal without a vertebral column has an unprotected notochord.

Question 77

The notochord persists into adulthood in all chordates.

Question 78

All chordates have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during their development.

Question 79

Animals that have a ventral nerve cord during embryonic development are classified as chordates.

Question 80

Cartilaginous fishes have internal fertilization.