Deck 40: The Senses

Question 1

The malleus is also called the

A) anvil.
B) stirrup.
C) hammer.
D) pinna.
E) cochlea.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these structures can be swiveled around in some animals to better locate a sound?

A) Cochlea
B) Anvil
C) Hammer
D) Pinna

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Hair cells in the human ear are located on the

A) basilar membrane.
B) pinna.
C) tympanic membrane.
D) round window.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following chemical compounds stimulate cold receptors in the skin and oral cavity?

A) Menthol
B) Camphor
C) Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
D) Capsaicin
E) Clove oil

Question 5

Cones are specialized to detect which of the following types of stimuli?

A) Light
B) Odor
C) Heat and cold
D) Taste
E) Vibration

Question 6

A stimulus that is strong enough to trigger an action potential is said to be above

A) capacity.
B) maximum.
C) frequency.
D) intensity.
E) threshold.

Question 7

A cell specialized to respond to a particular type of stimulus is a

A) corpuscle.
B) sensory receiver.
C) sensory receptor.
D) saccule.
E) pinna.

Question 8

Which type of receptor signals that your stomach is full after a big meal?

A) Thermoreceptor
B) Photoreceptor
C) Mechanoreceptor
D) Chemoreceptor

Question 9

Which of the following will respond to steady pressure?

A) Ruffini corpuscles
B) Hair cells
C) Meissner's corpuscles
D) Olfactory receptors
E) Pacinian corpuscles

Question 10

Receptor potentials are the strength of the stimulus.

A) much greater than
B) directly proportional to
C) the same regardless of
D) unrelated to
E) inversely proportional to

Question 11

Chemoreceptors include

A) free nerve endings.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) rods.
D) hair cells.
E) Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 12

The strength of a stimulus is indicated by the of action potentials.

A) duration
B) intensity
C) frequency
D) loss
E) speed

Question 13

Your best friend sneaks up behind you and lightly strokes the back of your neck with a feather. Which of the following receptors would detect this type of stimulus?

A) Ruffini corpuscles
B) Stretch receptors
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Hair cells
E) Meissner's corpuscles

Question 14

If the doctor says you have a middle ear infection, which of the following could be involved?

A) Pinna
B) Cochlea
C) Auditory tube
D) Vestibular apparatus

Question 15

All of the following are examples of mechanoreceptors EXCEPT

A) Ruffini corpuscles.
B) Meissner's corpuscles.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) Pacinian corpuscles.
E) stretch receptors.

Question 16

Odor molecules stimulate responses in

A) stretch receptors.
B) free nerve endings.
C) hair cells.
D) rods.
E) olfactory receptors.

Question 17

Sensory receptors are grouped into categories based on the

A) stimuli to which they respond.
B) types of action potentials they generate.
C) part of the central nervous system to which they connect.
D) brain cells they stimulate.

Question 18

Which structure transmits sound waves to the malleus in the middle ear?

A) Cochlea
B) Pinna
C) Tympanic membrane
D) Vestibular membrane
E) Auditory membrane

Question 19

Receptor potentials may generate action potentials in the receptor cell itself, or they may cause that stimulates an associated neuron to generate action potentials.

A) an influx of Cl-
B) the release of neurotransmitter
C) a change in pressure
D) the production of glucose
E) an increase in blood flow

Question 20

The perception of sound depends on

A) chemoreceptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) photoreceptors.
D) mechanoreceptors.
E) nociceptors.

Question 21

The hair- like projections of the hair cells are inserted into the

A) round window.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) basilar membrane.
D) oval window.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 22

How many semicircular canals are in the inner ear of the right ear?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 23

The frequency of a sound wave determines the _ of the sound you hear.

A) tone
B) loudness
C) amplitude
D) pitch

Question 24

When light energy hits a photopigment, the molecule

A) is destroyed, setting off a series of chemical reactions.
B) forms an enzyme.
C) is separated from the plasma membrane.
D) generates an action potential.
E) changes shape, setting off a series of chemical reactions.

Question 25

The tiny stones in the vestibule, which move in response to gravity, are made of

A) sodium chloride.
B) calcium hydroxide.
C) iron oxide.
D) calcium carbonate.
E) magnesium.

Question 26

The hair cells in the detect the direction of gravity.

A) corpuscle
B) oval and round windows
C) utricle and saccule
D) middle ear

Question 27

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are located in the

A) middle ear.
B) cochlea.
C) auditory canal.
D) outer ear.
E) inner ear.

Question 28

The white of the human eye's exterior is actually the

A) sclera.
B) retina.
C) fovea.
D) pupil.
E) iris.

Question 29

Ommatidia are found in the compound eyes of

A) insects.
B) humans.
C) mollusks.
D) flatworms.
E) amphibians.

Question 30

Vibration of the stirrup against this membrane transmits sound waves into the fluid- filled cochlea.

A) Tympanic membrane
B) Basilar membrane
C) Oval window
D) Tectorial membrane
E) Round window

Question 31

Which of the following animals has an eye with a single lens?

A) Dragonfly
B) Butterfly
C) Bee
D) Jellyfish
E) Human

Question 32

How do we perceive the pitch of sounds?

A) The tympanic membrane vibrates more strongly at high frequencies.
B) The hammer, anvil, and stirrup vibrate at different speeds.
C) Different parts of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to different frequencies of sound.
D) Rods vibrate in response to high- frequency sounds and cones respond to low- frequency sounds.
E) The pinna swivels in different directions in response to sounds of different frequency.

Question 33

Why do your parents or grandparents most likely need glasses to read?

A) The lens of the eye becomes rounder with age.
B) The lens of the eye stiffens with age, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects.
C) The optic nerve sends signals more slowly as people age.
D) The photoreceptors of the eye are no longer as responsive.
E) They have spent more time reading books at close range than have younger people.

Question 34

After 20 years on the road, Roger recently retired as the drummer of a rock band. It didn't take long for Roger to realize that he was unable to hear as well as he used to. Roger's diminished hearing is most likely due to damage of

A) the auditory nerve.
B) the hammer and anvil.
C) corpuscles.
D) hair cells.
E) the tympanic membrane.

Question 35

Select the correct path through which sound waves travel to stimulate hearing.

A) Outer ear -basilar membrane -inner ear -oval window -auditory tube
B) Outer ear -tympanic membrane -middle ear -oval window -cochlea
C) Outer ear -tympanic membrane -auditory tube -cochlea -oval window
D) Outer ear -auditory tube -oval window -tympanic membrane -basilar membrane
E) Outer ear -oval window -middle ear -tympanic membrane -cochlea

Question 36

Which of the following has the greatest potential to damage hair cells after prolonged exposure?

A) Two humans talking
B) A car engine
C) Noisy restaurant
D) Noise from an urban street
E) MP3 player

Question 37

The receptor cells for hearing are located in the

A) semicircular canals.
B) auditory tube.
C) utricle.
D) cochlea.
E) saccule.

Question 38

The detect movement of the head.

A) bones in the middle ear
B) pinna and auditory canal of the outer ear
C) oval and round windows of the inner ear
D) semicircular canals of the inner ear
E) olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity

Question 39

You are researching the adaptations of a newly discovered mammal that is active mostly at night. Which adaptation to the eye would you expect to find?

A) Thicker vitreous humor behind the lens
B) An eyespot that can only discern light from dark
C) A reflective choroid behind the retina
D) Crustacean flattened cornea resulting in farsightedness
E) Many individual light- sensitive subunits in each eye

Question 40

The many individual light- sensitive subunits in an insect's eye are called

A) cones.
B) ommatidia.
C) rods.
D) corpuscles.
E) ganglion cells.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a type of cone found in the human retina?

A) Yellow
B) Blue
C) Green
D) Red

Question 42

In humans, when the eye focuses on a nearby object, the lens

A) flattens.
B) does not change.
C) gets more transparent.
D) gets less transparent.
E) becomes more rounded.

Question 43

Your friend has trouble distinguishing the color red from the color green. You explain that he is color- deficient because his eyes

A) were damaged by bright sunlight.
B) are too elongated or have a cornea that is too round.
C) have rods but no cones.
D) do not have the photopigments stimulated by red or green light.
E) have larger blind spots than normal.

Question 44

The fovea of the human eye

A) is located in the sclera.
B) is the part of the retina that produces the sharpest image.
C) contains a high concentration of ommatidia.
D) is also known as the blind spot.
E) contains mostly rods.

Question 45

Smell and taste are detected by

A) nociceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) mechanoreceptors.

Question 46

In a person who is nearsighted, the

A) lens is not functional at all.
B) eyeball is too short from front to back.
C) incoming light is focused in front of the retina.
D) aqueous humor is cloudier than normal.
E) muscle that controls the thickness of the lens is weak.

Question 47

The provides nourishment for the lens and cornea.

A) choroid
B) aqueous humor
C) vitreous humor
D) optic nerve
E) retina

Question 48

If you could monitor the activity from the photoreceptors of rods and cones in the retina during a dream, would you expect these cells to be producing electrical signals? Why?

A) No, because rods and cones only convert light energy into electrical signals.
B) Yes, because the rods and cones are reproducing images that are then sent to the brain.
C) Yes, because our eyes move during sleep, and this stimulates the rods and cones.
D) No, because rods and cones never produce electrical signals.

Question 49

The optic nerve

A) connects the two eyes.
B) interprets the action potentials it carries.
C) carries action potentials that originate in the retina.
D) is made up of hair cells.
E) forms a blind spot at the fovea.

Question 50

Why do things appear mainly black or white to us in low light?

A) The diffused light of night does not fall on the fovea.
B) Colored light does not strike the retina in low light.
C) Few action potentials are generated in low light.
D) Only white light is available at night.
E) Rods are more sensitive to light than are cones.

Question 51

Odor molecules diffuse through mucus and bind directly to the of olfactory receptors.

A) microvilli
B) axons
C) corpuscles
D) dendrites
E) cell body

Question 52

The round shape of the eyeball is maintained by the gel- like

A) vitreous humor.
B) aqueous humor.
C) cornea.
D) choroid.
E) iris.

Question 53

What is the blind spot?

A) An area of the retina that has no receptor cells
B) A space in the vitreous humor
C) The part of the cerebral cortex that interprets action potentials from the eye
D) The hole where there is no iris
E) A part of the cornea

Question 54

MSG is often used as a seasoning to enhance the flavors of meat, fish, and vegetables. Which type of taste receptor cell responds to MSG?

A) Bitter
B) Sour
C) Salty
D) Sweet
E) Umami

Question 55

People who wear contact lenses or glasses have a defect in the

A) iris.
B) length of the eyeball.
C) blind spot.
D) rod cells.
E) cone cells.

Question 56

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which light passes in the eye?

A) Pupil -vitreous humor -aqueous humor -retina -cornea
B) Aqueous humor -cornea -lens -pupil -retina -vitreous humor
C) Lens -cornea -vitreous humor -retina -aqueous humor -pupil
D) Lens -pupil -cornea -aqueous humor -retina
E) Cornea -aqueous humor -pupil -lens -vitreous humor -retina

Question 57

The receptor cells affected by light rays contain molecules called

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) photopigments.
C) ganglia.
D) ommatidia.
E) ampullae.

Question 58

In humans, depth perception is possible because

A) the two eyes have overlapping visual fields.
B) we have two eyes on the sides of our heads.
C) the two eyes are necessary for any vision to occur.
D) each of the two eyes "sees" an entirely different image.
E) the two eyes see identical images.

Question 59

Chemicals detected by the nose must

A) cause bending of hair cells in the upper nasal cavity.
B) dissolve in mucus in the nasal cavity.
C) bind to taste buds.
D) stimulate the cones.
E) first enter the mouth.

Question 60

What is the effect of a cornea that is too flat?

A) Blindness
B) Nearsightedness
C) Farsightedness
D) An enlarged blind spot

Question 61

Pain receptors

A) respond to bradykinin, which is produced as a result of cell damage.
B) are activated when skin temperatures are between 65°F and 100°F.
C) are sometimes called photoreceptors.
D) do not respond to stretching.

Question 62

Binocular vision is an adaptation found in many animals that benefit from good depth perception.

Question 63

Optimal color vision occurs in the fovea, a depression in the retina where most of the are located.

Question 64

How many taste buds are on the human tongue?

A) 5,000,000
B) 50
C) 500
D) 5
E) 5,000

Question 65

Which of the following is responsible for the perception of smell?

A) Olfactory receptors
B) Corpuscles
C) Olfactory bulb
D) Optic nerve
E) Ganglion cells

Question 66

Sour sensations occur when H+ binds to taste receptor cells.

Question 67

Spicy foods often contain the chemical capsaicin, which activates certain receptors in the mouth, causing your mouth to feel like it is "burning." The receptors activated by capsaicin are also activated by

A) glutamate.
B) acidic foods.
C) very hot temperatures.
D) salty foods.
E) sweet foods.

Question 68

There are three small bones in the inner ear.

Question 69

Human fingertips have the same number of touch receptors per square inch as the skin of the back.

Question 70

The threshold of human skin temperature at which cool or cold is perceived as pain is

A) 32°F.
B) - 5°F.
C) 0°F.
D) 59°F.

Question 71

Any cell that generates an electrical signal in response to a stimulus is a receptor.

Question 72

Ruffini corpuscles respond to a light touch against the skin.

Question 73

The sense of taste relies on

A) taste buds only.
B) olfactory receptors only.
C) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and nociceptors.
D) both taste buds and olfactory receptors.
E) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and mechanoreceptors.

Question 74

The stronger the stimulus, the larger the action potential.

Question 75

Olfactory receptors are located in the cavity.

Question 76

The five distinctly different tastes that stimulate receptors on the human tongue are , ,
, _ _, and _ .

Question 77

You take a drink of scalding coffee and it burns your tongue. The cells of the taste bud divide to replace the damaged receptors.

A) taste
B) glial
C) stem
D) neuron
E) supporting

Question 78

There are different olfactory receptor proteins in humans that allow us to sense a variety of odors.

A) 350 to 400
B) 5 to 10
C) 100,000 to 500,000
D) 10 to 15
E) 1,000 to 1,500

Question 79

The stronger the stimulus, the larger the receptor potential.

Question 80

The ear not only detects sound, but also detects gravity and movement.