Deck 42: Animal Reproduction

Question 1

What is the function of an acrosome?

A) It propels the sperm through the female reproductive tract.
B) It protects the sperm from vaginal secretions.
C) It contains enzymes that dissolve the protective layers around the egg.
D) It contains a haploid nucleus.
E) It holds large numbers of mitochondria.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The development of secondary sexual characteristics is due to

A) decreased levels of estrogen or testosterone.
B) decreased levels of GnRH.
C) increased levels of progesterone.
D) decreased LH levels.
E) increased levels of estrogen or testosterone.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In the male, the primary target of FSH is

A) seminal vesicles.
B) bulbourethral glands.
C) the prostate gland.
D) Sertoli cells.
E) interstitial cells.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If a child develops an anterior pituitary tumor that reduces LH and FSH production, the child will

A) not develop gonads.
B) have decreased production of GnRH.
C) produce excess testosterone or estrogen.
D) experience delayed or disrupted puberty.
E) develop secondary sexual characteristics before puberty.

Question 5

The most important function of sexual reproduction is

A) preserving genetic purity.
B) limiting genetic recombination.
C) creating genetic variability.
D) producing offspring identical to the parents.
E) keeping the genes from changing.

Question 6

An animal, such as an earthworm, that is hermaphroditic

A) reproduces by unfertilized eggs.
B) produces both eggs and sperm.
C) reproduces by regeneration.
D) reproduces by budding.
E) spawns.

Question 7

Which of these hormones stimulates the production of testosterone?

A) FSH
B) GnRH
C) LH
D) Inhibin
E) Chorionic gonadotropin

Question 8

Which of the following is the best definition of parthenogenesis?

A) The creation of new organisms from body parts that have been pinched off from the parent
B) Gametes from the male developing into new offspring without combining with an egg
C) The combining of genetic material from two parents to produce genetically different offspring
D) A single organism producing both eggs and sperm and fertilizing itself
E) Eggs from a female developing into offspring without being fertilized

Question 9

The only flagellated cells in the human body are

A) primary oocytes.
B) sperm.
C) Sertoli cells.
D) mature ova.
E) primary spermatocytes.

Question 10

The production of new phenotypes occurs with

A) sexual reproduction.
B) regeneration.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) fragmentation.
E) budding.

Question 11

is the asexual process by which an organism grows a small version of itself on the body of the adult, which then pinches off when it is large enough to be independent.

A) Regeneration
B) Mitosis
C) Budding
D) Parthenogenesis
E) Fission

Question 12

The onset of puberty is triggered by maturation of the brain, which stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete

A) gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH).
B) chorionic gonadotropin (CG).
C) testosterone.
D) luteinizing hormone (LH).
E) progesterone.

Question 13

All male honeybees develop from unfertilized eggs. This is an example of

A) budding.
B) external fertilization.
C) hermaphrodism.
D) parthenogenesis.
E) sexual reproduction.

Question 14

Mature sperm are stored in the

A) prostate gland.
B) penis.
C) urethra.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) epididymis.

Question 15

Chemical signals released into the environment are called

A) telemones.
B) spermatophores.
C) pheromones.
D) hormones.
E) apomones.

Question 16

Spawning depends on

A) internal fertilization.
B) asexual reproduction.
C) copulation.
D) the synchronized release of eggs and sperm into the water.
E) the release of a spermatophore into the water.

Question 17

Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

A) stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
B) causes endometrial cells to multiply.
C) is secreted when there is a high level of progesterone in the blood.
D) is made by the ovaries.
E) is produced by the pituitary.

Question 18

Female salmon build nests in gravel river bottoms to lay eggs, which are then fertilized by male salmon that approach and deposit their sperm over the eggs. This is an example of

A) spawning.
B) copulation.
C) hermaphrodism.
D) internal fertilization.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 19

In men, as testosterone levels increase, LH levels

A) remain the same.
B) increase.
C) move up or down depending on the point in the cycle.
D) decrease.

Question 20

Brittle stars can regrow a new arm if an existing one is broken off. This is an example of

A) parthenogenesis.
B) regeneration.
C) sexual reproduction.
D) budding.
E) hermaphrodism.

Question 21

A surge in the level of LH indicates that is about to occur.

A) the progesterone peak
B) puberty
C) menstruation
D) ovulation
E) the testosterone peak

Question 22

If the prostate gland failed to add its enzyme- rich fluid to semen, the

A) sperm would starve from lack of fructose.
B) semen would lack lubricating mucus.
C) egg would be killed by the acidic vaginal secretions.
D) semen would exhibit reduced fluidity, hampering the ability of sperm to swim freely in the vagina.
E) acrosome would rupture prematurely.

Question 23

When a sperm penetrates an egg cell

A) the resulting cell is haploid.
B) sperm and egg chromosomes merge immediately.
C) the egg has to make a copy of itself before sperm and egg chromosomes merge.
D) the egg must undergo meiosis II before merging chromosomes with the sperm.
E) the egg undergoes changes that attract another sperm.

Question 24

Why is it necessary for the testes to be in the scrotum to function properly?

A) The scrotum keeps the testes at a cool temperature necessary for sperm production.
B) The testes develop from scrotal tissues.
C) The scrotum elevates the temperature of the testes, which increases sperm production.
D) The sperm are produced in the scrotal tissue and transferred to the testes to finish maturation.
E) The scrotum contains alkaline fluids to nourish the sperm.

Question 25

The epididymis connects the

A) vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
B) testis and the vas deferens.
C) seminiferous tubules and the urethra.
D) vas deferens and the urethra.
E) prostate and the urethra.

Question 26

The corpus luteum is located in the

A) penis.
B) testis.
C) uterus.
D) vagina.
E) ovary.

Question 27

Ovulation occurs due to a surge in _ concentrations.

A) estrogen
B) FSH
C) LH
D) progesterone
E) testosterone

Question 28

In humans, fertilization normally occurs in the

A) ovary.
B) vagina.
C) uterus.
D) fimbriae.
E) uterine tube.

Question 29

In the "typical" menstrual cycle, day 13 or 14 is when

A) menstruation begins.
B) progesterone levels peak.
C) the corpus luteum disintegrates.
D) ovulation occurs.
E) estrogen levels reach their lowest point.

Question 30

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way out of the male?

A) Urethra -vas deferens -seminiferous tubules -epididymis
B) Seminiferous tubules -vas deferens -urethra -epididymis
C) Epididymis -urethra -vas deferens -seminiferous tubules
D) Seminiferous tubules -epididymis -vas deferens -urethra
E) Epididymis -seminiferous tubules -vas deferens -urethra

Question 31

During spermatogenesis, committed spermatogonia undergo mitotic cell division, producing

A) diploid sperm.
B) haploid secondary spermatocytes.
C) diploid primary spermatocytes.
D) diploid secondary spermatocytes.
E) haploid primary spermatocytes.

Question 32

In the "typical" menstrual cycle, day 1 is the day

A) menstruation begins.
B) the corpus luteum disintegrates.
C) LH levels surge.
D) ovulation occurs.
E) fertilization occurs.

Question 33

Menstruation occurs when there is a decrease in

A) levels of FSH and LH.
B) the number of follicles.
C) the number of sperm present.
D) endometrial thickness.
E) levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Question 34

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way to fertilize an egg?

A) Uterine tube -vagina -uterus -cervix
B) Vagina -cervix -uterus -uterine tube
C) Uterus -uterine tube -cervix -vagina
D) Cervix -uterine tube -vagina -uterus

Question 35

In which respect do spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ?

A) Spermatogenesis occurs in the epididymis, whereas oogenesis occurs in the ovary.
B) The number of gametes produced is different.
C) The number of chromosomes in gametes is different.
D) The number of meiotic divisions is different.

Question 36

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

A) sperm.
B) testosterone.
C) alkaline mucus.
D) FSH.
E) LH.

Question 37

A polar body

A) is a discarded set of chromosomes.
B) nourishes the egg until it is fertilized.
C) is formed at the same time as a primary oocyte.
D) can be fertilized by a sperm.
E) is a structure found at one pole of a mature egg.

Question 38

What would happen to male hormone levels if the hypothalamus produced GnRH continuously?

A) Testosterone levels would be low.
B) Only testosterone levels would be high.
C) Only LH and FSH levels would be high.
D) Only LH and FSH levels would be low.
E) LH, FSH, and testosterone levels would be high.

Question 39

Most of the fluid in semen is produced by the

A) prostate gland.
B) epididymis.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) bulbourethral glands.
E) testes.

Question 40

During ovulation, the mature follicle erupts, releasing the , also known as the egg.

A) oogonium
B) primary oocyte
C) polar body
D) zygote
E) secondary oocyte

Question 41

The production of offspring from unfertilized eggs is called parthenogenesis.

Question 42

Sexual reproduction produces individuals that are always genetically identical to the parents.

Question 43

After a vasectomy, the semen produced will not contain

A) enzymes.
B) fructose.
C) mucus.
D) sperm.
E) acid- neutralizing fluid.

Question 44

Painful and reoccurring genital blisters are characteristic of

A) syphilis.
B) HIV.
C) chlamydia.
D) genital herpes.
E) HPV.

Question 45

FSH stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone.

Question 46

The vaginal ring

A) blocks sperm from reaching the egg.
B) prevents STDs.
C) releases hormones that prevent ovulation.
D) kills sperm.
E) decreases testosterone production.

Question 47

The epididymis functions solely to store sperm.

Question 48

Which of the following is a bacterial infection that can cause the uterine tubes to be blocked by scar tissue?

A) HPV
B) Genital herpes
C) Chlamydia
D) Trichomoniasis
E) HIV

Question 49

Contraceptive methods that rely on synthetic hormones

A) kill sperm.
B) prevent the sperm and egg from meeting.
C) prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
D) destroy fertilized eggs.
E) prevent ovulation.

Question 50

Vasectomy and tubal ligation result in

A) inability to produce eggs or sperm.
B) atrophy of the gonads.
C) decreased levels of hormones.
D) an interruption of the path taken by the egg or sperm.
E) a lack of semen or menstrual flow.

Question 51

Other than abstinence and sterilization, the most effective method of contraception is the

A) diaphragm.
B) contraceptive sponge.
C) condom.
D) IUD.
E) birth control pill.

Question 52

Oogenesis begins

A) after the sperm and egg merge.
B) after copulation.
C) during embryonic development.
D) at puberty.
E) at around day 14 of each menstrual cycle.

Question 53

After ejaculation, sperm live approximately in the female reproductive tract.

A) 2 weeks
B) 24 hours
C) 1 month
D) 2 to 4 days
E) 1 week

Question 54

Sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses include herpes, AIDS, and

A) chlamydia.
B) trichomoniasis.
C) syphilis.
D) gonorrhea.
E) human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 55

Which of the following causes most cases of cervical cancer?

A) Pubic lice
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Gonorrhea
D) Chlamydia
E) Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 56

Why is it necessary for many sperm to be present in order for one to fertilize the egg?

A) A mass of sperm is necessary to open the uterine tube.
B) A mass of sperm is necessary to gain entry into the ovary.
C) A sperm cannot find the egg by itself.
D) The combined enzymes digest a path through the corona radiata and zona pellucida.
E) The combined motion of their flagella enables one sperm to push its way into the egg.

Question 57

Spawning animals rely on mating behaviors, chemical signals, and/or environmental cues for reproduction to take place.

Question 58

Spermatids are haploid, containing only half the amount of genetic material present in the primary spermatocyte.

Question 59

Internal fertilization only occurs by copulation.

Question 60

If taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, the "morning after" pill should

A) delay or prevent ovulation.
B) increase progesterone secretion from the ovary.
C) reduce sperm motility.
D) thicken the cervical mucus.
E) encourage the formation of the corpus luteum.

Question 61

HIV, which causes AIDS, can be cured by using broad- spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Question 62

A diploid primary spermatocyte divides to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes.

Question 63

Following ovulation, the levels of LH increase dramatically.

Question 64

The presence of testosterone triggers the release of LH to produce more testosterone, as explained by negative feedback.

Question 65

Animals that have internal fertilization without copulation often package their sperm in , which are inserted into the female.

Question 66

Contraceptive implants prevent ovulation by releasing progesterone.

Question 67

In women, the combined effects of estrogen and progesterone cause a decrease in GnRH levels.

Question 68

The myometrial lining of the uterus thickens in response to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Question 69

The contraceptive patch prevents pregnancy by killing sperm.

Question 70

The layer of cells that forms a barrier between the sperm and the egg is the corona radiata.

Question 71

After ovulation, the mature follicle becomes the corpus luteum.

Question 72

A single organism that produces both eggs and sperm, and can self- fertilize, is a _.

Question 73

Sexually transmitted infections can be spread only via unprotected intercourse.

Question 74

During oogenesis, oogonia differentiate and become diploid primary oocytes, which divide to produce four diploid secondary oocytes.

Question 75

Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

Question 76

Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is when ovulation occurs.

Question 77

If a woman is attempting to become pregnant, the best time for her to have intercourse is day 21 of the "typical" menstrual cycle.

Question 78

Barrier methods of contraception protect individuals from STDs.

Question 79

The increased levels of estrogen from the maturing follicle cause a decrease in GnRH levels.

Question 80

During an erection, blood pressure in the penis is decreased.